Talk:Leaning Tower of Pisa

Bells
Does anyone know the pitches for the bells? What key they're in? &mdash; Music  Maker  5376  17:09, 26 June 2008 (UTC)


 * Assunta: B2
 * Crocifisso: C♯3
 * San Ranieri: D♯3
 * Dal Pozzo: G3
 * Pasquereccia: G♯3
 * Terza: B♭3
 * Vespruccio: E4

It would be useful for the article to tell the reader if the bells are used regularly and if they are used was the vibration caused by the bells considered in either increased settlements over time or physical damage to the structure.99.236.160.15 (talk) 04:35, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

Original research?
In the lead section: "This means that the top of the tower is 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from where it would stand if the tower were perfectly vertical.[2]" - after reading the footnote [2], this looks like OR so should it be removed? 86.18.241.153 (talk) 05:54, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Added useful external link
Just added external link to website containing University of Ferrara 3D and HD data from Piazza del Duomo, including a fully manipulable laser scan of the Tower. Recently on Febuary 3, 2010, the Leaning tower of Pisa tipped over and fell. It killed over 2,000 people so far and many more are injured. There were many sightseers that also got injured. This was a very recent and even more tragic. It was a very historical place to visit, and now it's gone. Could not figure out how to link the Tower scan model directly, so I just put up the link to the parent area - if anyone wishes to locate the specific page address with the Tower data, that may be superior. --DuendeThumb (talk) 21:28, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Strange wording
Okay, am I the only one who finds these two paragraphs extremely contridicting?

"[...] the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001, and has been declared stable for at least another 300 years.[10]

In May 2008, after the removal of another 70 metric tons (77 short tons) of earth, engineers announced that the Tower had been stabilized such that it had stopped moving for the first time in its history. They stated it would be stable for at least 200 years.[11]"

If my math serves me, 7 years =/= 100 years ;P. Obviously an issue with 2 misleading references, but couldn't we just change the wording around a little bit to sound a little less awkward? Perhaps just remove the latter part of the first paragraph altogether, just leave it as "the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001."

Discuss. :B 206.126.170.20 (talk) 20:44, 20 September 2008 (UTC)


 * Both references are correct, the first one they did say it would be stable for 300 years. But they were wrong. When they went to check it again, it was 200 years. Perhaps when they check it again, that estimate will be wrong

63.26.214.24 (talk) 01:43, 13 November 2008 (UTC)ERIC

It seems strange to me that the tower "currently" leans to the southwest. Why is that word in there? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.116.7.225 (talk) 02:37, 9 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Because it's gone in different directions over time. Was first one way, so they changed the third floor to level it out, then it went another way and they changed the 5th floor. Right now, it's heading southwest. --StarChaser Tyger (talk) 03:25, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Mussolini
Why doesn't the article mention Mussolini's 361 boreholes and 90 tons of cement? 70.20.153.165 (talk) 02:31, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Bassic Information
The box needs to put say "Country : Italy" because it needs it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.55.130.55 (talk) 17:05, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Vandalism
Ever since being unprotected, this page saw almost only vandalism: 30 edits in 2 weeks. I'm not sure of what is needed to qualify for semi-protection, but I think that would still be useful. --Andylong (talk) 19:53, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Please remove the section named "Ending": it's pure vandalism. Thanx. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.105.244.147 (talk) 16:42, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Introduction Statistics Paragraph
The third paragraph of the article lists some stats as to the angle of the tower before and after restoration in the late 90s. It lists the final angle at 3.99 DEGREES, yet the source referenced says it's final slope is 3.99 METERS which equates to 3.92 degrees. Furthermore, the next sentence states that the tower is 3.9 meters from where it would stand if it were vertical contradicting the previous reference and math.

What is TRUE angle of the tower? What is the TRUE slope (meters away from vertical at the top) of the tower? Also, how many steps does the tower have? It says 296 or 294. Does that mean it has 590? This last half of the paragraph should be edited for clarification purposes and accuracy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ScottMHoward (talk • contribs) 07:07, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Saved by US Army?
In regrads to the quote: "During World War II, the Allies discovered that the Nazis were using it as an observation post. A U.S. Army sergeant was briefly entrusted with the fate of the tower and his decision not to call in an artillery strike saved the tower from destruction.[17]"

I think this is a bit silly. Would an article on the Empire State building include the phrase "During the War on Terrorism, al-Qaeda discovered that the Americans were using it as an office. An al-Qaeda sergeant was briefly entrusted with the fate of the tower and his decision not to call in a strike saved the tower from destruction." ? I think not. They are both basically equal statements. I think all the facts should remain, as the Nazi's using it as an observation post is interesting, but "saving" something by "not destroying it" is absurd. Dn832jd983d (talk) 22:09, 9 August 2009 (UTC)


 * If someone else is planning to destroy something, and you make a decision that effectively overrules that, that could certainly be described as "saving" it. But to address this criticism, I've rephrased the text to characterize it as this person "sparing" the tower. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 14:09, 29 July 2012 (UTC)

Information in the lead
I have removed the following info/section from the lead, where it really does not belong (the lead should summarise the article). If it is necessary to have this paragraph at all, it should perhaps be inserted in the Technical information section, along with the names of the bells. I won't put it there myself, as i'm not convinced it's necessary. (Removed: "Although it is widely known as The Tower of Pisa, Pisa is not the name of the Tower like, for example, the Eiffel Tower: Pisa is, of course, the name of the city. Usually belltowers have no proper name and are called by the name of the related church. So, if the leaning tower has a name, it is Campanile di Santa Maria (Italian: Belltower of St. Mary), being Santa Maria Assunta (St. Mary of the Assumption) the name of the Duomo di Pisa. ") Cheers, LindsayHi 19:38, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Timeline
the Timeline seems to me a little bit... not really like a timeline -- Hartmann Schedel  Prost 17:42, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Impact on photography?
While humorous, many visitors take photographes of tower as if they're trying to support it. I think it should be mentioned. Shourisha (talk) 16:29, 18 October 2009 (UTC) awesome helped! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.187.88.225 (talk) 09:03, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

It really doesn't belong in the introduction, however. It doesn't flow at all. I propose a move/removal. Badair (talk) 14:57, 14 March 2012 (UTC)


 * The 'posing in front of the Leaning Tower of Pisa' issue should be mentioned in the article. Apparently it's a thing - especially since some really famous youtubers did it in 2014. Goofy yea'. Some poses I haven't seen: one person pushing it to fall (hands in horizontal plane) while the other pushes it back on the other side at the same time (hands in vertical plane) - like some epic scene, sitting Wild E Coyote style with a tiny umbrella raised above head (and with worried expression on his face) as if it's gonna fall on him, taking photos of the same pose (pushing with hands) from different viewpoints around the tower so it (hopefully) looks like it is getting straight when played in succession... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.101.207.209 (talk) 19:13, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

The math does not work out.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the low side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,[1][2][3] but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.[4] This means that the top of the tower stands 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) lower from where it would stand if the structure were perfectly vertical.[5]

3.99 degrees lean shortens the tower by about 6% of its height. Huh?

Consider triangle ABC with A being the base of the tower, B being the top of the tower leaning (51.96 (55.86m - 3.9m) above the ground), and C being the same height above the ground and directly above A. AC is 51.96m long. AB is 55.86m long.

1) cos 3.99 degrees is .9975, but according to the triangle created is 51.96/55.86 = .9302.

2) By the Pythagorean Theorem, AB is 20.51m long! sin 3.99 degrees is by this triangle supposedly .3672.  The actual value is .0696.

Something is wrong with the article figures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.181.25.30 (talk) 20:18, 23 October 2010 (UTC)


 * The math is good, the position difference is mainly horizontal. Using the cosinus for vertical calculation and sinus for horizontal shows a 3.8869m difference for horizontal and a 0.1354m difference for vertical... obviously, since the tower is not a perfect beam with thickness tending to 0, there are some geometric factors to take into account and these number are only representative of the movement of a theoric point taken at the top and center of the tower. The overall heigth may even be higher than with a perfect vertical since the top is flat, and the diagonal (which is longer than the straigth line perpendicular to the top) moves towards the center, theorically increasing the heigth as the tower leans, up to the angle of said diagonal to the perpendicular. 2001:56B:9FE8:C3A3:C8C5:64AF:F9EE:F52B (talk) 13:37, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Geo coords are incorrect
I'm not 100% sure how to correct them so I'll leave that to the experts.

Current coords: 43°43'23.98"N 10°23'39.00"E Correct coords: 43°43'22.61"N 10°23'47.81"E

The real effect of this change will be to put the Wiki article on the Tower itself (east end of the Cathedral) on Google Earth rather than on the Baptistry (west end of Cathedral). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jnelson62 (talk • contribs) 23:10, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
 * suprised it has taken so long, but done. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 16:02, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

basic information
In the introduction I see many specific details and measurements but no mention of why the tower leans in the first place. I would suggest that the beginning should be reorganized to be more general and to explain why the Tower leans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.31.108.217 (talk) 08:04, 24 August 2011 (UTC)


 * why is it leaning like that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.173.162.122 (talk) 02:19, 27 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I've added a bit more information to the intro. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 14:16, 29 July 2012 (UTC)

another alternative candidate
There was an article in today's New York Times on alternative candidates, and particularly one in Switzerland. I don't know how to add the reference (with the footnote, etc.) but maybe someone else could do it. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/world/europe/with-leaning-tower-of-pisa-straighter-others-vie-for-title.html?scp=1&sq=pisa&st=cse    Omc (talk) 12:57, 7 February 2012 (UTC) 12:55, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Forced Perspective
With the mention of forced perspective and a popular tourist activity, I would think including an image of somebody holding up the tower would be appropriate in this article.--- Balloonman  Poppa Balloon 16:44, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep that for your blow Balloonman  Simon  How can I help?  16:19, 25 April 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia placemarker in wrong location
If you look at the area on Google Earth, the placemarker (the little Wikipedia icon) is in the wrong location -- its on the bapistry building nearby. Can we fix this? --76.115.67.114 (talk) 01:07, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * done. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 16:01, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

File:Leaning tower of pisa cyark.JPG
File:Leaning tower of pisa cyark.JPG

The quality of this iage puts this article to shame, this image in it's current state with so much blurred information is not going to be very helpful.

Niles, Illinois
I think a small mention & picture of the replica in Niles, Illinois should be added. This would be in addition to similar replicas being mentioned on Wiki pages such as the Parthenon replica in Nashville, and the many replicas of the Statue of Liberty, being a replica in itself. 99.54.188.176 (talk) 23:26, 29 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Graceland Too Holly Springs MS 2012-08-19 002.jpg replica in Holly Springs]] Magnolia677 (talk) 00:12, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

How much lean?
The main text states that the lean is 3.99 degrees, while the technical information section states 3.97 degrees. Each are sourced to a dead link.-- S Philbrick (Talk)  14:38, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 January 2015
The Leaning Tower Of Pisa is the worlds ugliest tower.

Ricky-ticky-tavi (talk) 16:43, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. — &#123;&#123;U&#124;Technical 13&#125;&#125; (e • t • c) 17:06, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Direction?
This article (not to mention the Talk page) is replete with discussions of the angle of tilt and linear departure from vertical. Nowhere, however, is there any mention of the direction of the tilt, except for one vague mention that the north staircase has two fewer steps (which might be for other reasons). Which way (compass direction) does the tower lean? --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 12:29, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Inspection of a Satellite view indicates the direction is southwest, but that's a little too OR for me to include.-- S Philbrick (Talk)  21:12, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

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3rd Oldest

The Leaning tower of Pisa is located in the city of Pisa, Italy, and it is a great tourist attraction. It is a bell tower mainly known worldwide for its unintended tilt! But did you know that even though the Leaning Tower of Pisa is 842 years old it isn't the oldest it actually the 3rd oldest on Pisa's Piazza del Dvomo (cathedral square)! The Cathedral and Baptistery were first!

Semi-protected edit request on 24 April 2016
In the paragraph "History following construction": Please change "The final solution..." to "The eventual solution..." or some other phrase. "The final solution" refers to this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Solution

87.70.95.32 (talk) 14:40, 24 April 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ - well, sort of - I changed it to "the solution chosen" as "eventual solution" sounds as if they tried several other things that didn't work first - Arjayay (talk) 13:23, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

Bizarre Syntax
There seems to be an odd instance of phrasing in the introduction: "The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed and gradually increased until the structure was stabilized"

This might read better as: "The tilt increased gradually over the decades before the structure was completed and stabilized."

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Semi-protected edit request on 19 May 2017
×yyyyyyyyyypy-y≥;hii[i9171.60.139.119 (talk) 12:39, 19 May 2017 (UTC)


 * ughhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Ieditthesitesloll (talk) 14:11, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 December 2017
Change "discovered" to "suspected" in the line about the tower being spared from destruction during World War II under History following construction. The confirmed presence of German soldiers in the tower is not supported by the sources. --92.4.153.49 (talk) 16:22, 10 December 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thank you.  City O f  Silver  16:27, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

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Off topic
The section "Alternative candidates" is completely off topic, as it doesn't deal with the tower. It seems a way to advertise other, lesser known historycal sites. 93.36.190.141 (talk) 14:06, 2 June 2018 (UTC)

File:The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg will be appearing as picture of the day on June 16, 2018. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2018-06-17. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 02:58, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Interesting article about the Tower and its ability to withstand earthquakes
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/06/07/the-leaning-tower-of-pisa-has-withstood-earthquakes-for-centuries-now-scientists-know-why/

Someone may want to incorporate material. Or not. Whatever. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 135.23.189.82 (talk) 22:29, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 July 2018
Lilygameywoosh (talk) 17:20, 7 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  spintendo   18:33, 7 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 November 2018
Plourde0309 (talk) 19:29, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 19:48, 8 November 2018 (UTC)

Request missing info on correcting the tower tilt
The portion on stabilizing and straightening the Tower is missing several key pieces of interesting information.

The information that at one time, it had been projected to freeze the soil on the softer side by using liquid nitrogen. The information that multiple attempts had been made over the years by using counter-weights (as is shown), but also various other processes, like injecting concrete into the soil on the softer side, to help slow the tilting.

The information that an English engineer, John Burland, finally 'solved' the problem for an estimated 300 years, using a process that can be repeated as needed. Previous attempts to stabilize and straighten the tower concentrated on the soil on the softer side of the tower. John Burland looked at the problem in a different way. His successful idea was not to harden the soft side of the soil, but to soften or slowly remove soil on the hard side of the tower, by boring a large number of long, thin holes into the harder soil under the high side of tower, so that the tower would slowly lean back towards the vertical naturally. Not only did this work well, better than any hardening process on the softer soil, it can be repeated as necessary to keep the tower stable.

BTW, Wikipedia already has an article on John Burland. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.144.119.86 (talk) 15:10, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 October 2019
In "See also", it says to see the only leaning temple. This is inconsistent with the article it leads to; I would suggest changing it to: See Also: : One of only two leaning temples in the world. TH3 AN0N\M0U5 U53R (talk) 10:54, 7 October 2019 (UTC)


 * . Better yet, I just removed the text as superfluous; it's clear what the significance is from its name alone.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon &bull; videos) 15:39, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 January 2021
Change 77 short tons to 84.88 short tons.

The article references a tower mass of 77 metric tons, and then further explains this value equates to 77 short tons (English system). This should be read as 77 long tons. 1 metric ton = 1 long ton (1000 kg = 2,240 lbm). Alternatively, you could also write 77 metric tons = 84.88 short tons (which is a flat 2000 lbm).

See wiki article on 'short ton' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ton Norman constellation (talk) 20:27, 11 January 2021 (UTC)


 * It looks correct to me as written. That part of the article is referring to the amount of earth that was removed to stabilize the tower. The source article says that 70 metric tons (tonnes) were removed, which converts correctly to 77 short tons. The mass of the tower is mentioned a couple of times and is far greater. &#8209;&#8209; El Hef  ( Meep? ) 21:12, 11 January 2021 (UTC)

Simple misidentification of the buildings and their architectural styles
In the section entitled Construction, the last paragraph identifies the only Gothic structure as the belfry. In fact, the Tower itself is the belfry or bell tower. It is in the Romanesque style, a later version of classical Roman Empire architecture with rounded arches and plain surfaces. The photos reveal its purpose with many views of the bells that hang on every floor. The photo down the page shows only the nearest of the three buildings in the set to be in the gothic style, with feathered window frames and pointed, decorated arches. That is the shortest of the three, the Baptistry. It came late to the party, the last to be built, after Europe had adopted the gothic style that continues to identify many later cathedrals and churches (Milan, Westminster Abbey), even many built in nineteenth and twentieth century North America (Grace in SFO, Nat'l Cathedral in WDC). Joseph Hickey-Tiernan (talk) 06:23, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 Janurary 2020: Replace Bad JPG with PNG
I have located the source image and uploaded a PNG version (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_Cyark.png) suitable to replace the bad JPG tagged at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leaning_tower_of_pisa_cyark.JPG Mossly (talk) 23:30, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes_check.svg All done! Thank you for your contributions.  TG HL ↗  02:33, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Incorrect link
The link in this article to the Leaning Tower of Wanaka is incorrect. It leads to a page about a puzzle, not to the Tower’s article. Aafritz17 (talk) 11:56, 9 August 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 May 2022
84.217.98.52 (talk) 17:37, 18 May 2022 (UTC) There are 296 steps.
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 17:41, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:30, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
 * The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg

Bell Tunings
I'd like to request that the bell tuning information be added to the page. This has been discussed before on the Talk page in 2008 and 2014. In the "Construction" section of the page there is this statement: "There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale." The reference for that is given as Black, William Harman, but this is all the reference has to say on the topic: "7 bells, representing musical notes, at top of 8 stories". The reference doesn't claim a tuning to a major scale, and in fact the bell tunings don't form any standard scale, major or minor. Para175 (talk) 15:37, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2023
Under the section 'Earthquake survival', the clause "A 2018 engineering investigation concluded that the tower withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction..." contains the word 'withstand' where it should be 'withstood' or, even, 'was able to withstand' 86.27.95.79 (talk) 20:18, 25 May 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ RudolfRed (talk) 20:36, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tom Monaghan's Leaning Tower of Pizza which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:47, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 October 2023
Two times in the wiki it says the angle of lean is around 3 degrees. However, the Tower’s own website says 5.115 degrees. Here’s the link. https://www.opapisa.it/en/square-of-miracles/tower/ In fact, the png in the wiki shows a 5 degree angle of lean which is in direct contradiction to the verbiage that states 3 degrees. Please correct this technical data. Thanks Jim Jeepman42701 (talk) 14:25, 7 October 2023 (UTC) https://www.opapisa.it/en/square-of-miracles/tower/
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: I'm not sure what image you're referring to, but the tilt was reduced to 3.9 degrees following the stabilization of the structure (this is covered and sourced in the article). M.Bitton (talk) 12:27, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

Current use/military presence?
Two pieces of information are missing: 1. Other than just being there, is the tower still used as a bell tower? There is reference to the bells being removed as part of stabilization efforts. I presume the public cannot go inside (like how Galileo allegedly scaled the tower to drop the balls from). Also, as visible in the "panoramic view" image and also Google Maps aerial and Street View imagery, there seems to be a military presence at the tower in the form of a tank that seems to be permanently parked outside. Is it indeed there for security of the structure, or just as a military display given the tower is a tourist attraction? 23skidoo (talk) 15:58, 28 March 2024 (UTC)

1.5 degrees of improvement or 0.5 degrees?
All the sources I see say that the remedial engineering work between 1993 and 2001 improved the tilt by a modest 0.5 degrees. However this article claims a much larger improvement, from 5.5 degrees to 3.97 degrees, i.e. 1.53 degrees change.

The Stabilisation of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, J.B. Burland (Professor of Geotechnical Engineering), M. Jamiolkowski (Professor of Geotechnical Engineering) , C. Viggiani (Professor of Geotechnical Engineering)

“The results obtained from the final underexcavation are plotted in Fig. 37. The target of decreasing the tilt of the Tower by half a degree was successfully achieved (Fig. 38). “

Also: https://practical.engineering/blog/2023/12/19/how-engineers-straightened-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa “In the end, the project had reduced the tilt of the tower by about half a degree,”

Also figure 11 here: https://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-class-projects/ce-179-geosystems-engineering-design/assignments/the-tilt-of-the-tower-of-pisa-why-and-how#how-how-did-professionals-stabilize-the-tower “In the end, a total of 1834 seconds of arc were further deducted. As figure 11 shows, the whole excavation process was successful without any doubt.”

(1834 arcseconds is 0.5094 degrees)

72.83.103.199 (talk) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 June 2024
"A new bell was installed in the bell tower at the end of the 18th century to replace the broken Pasquareccia.[citation needed]". Add new citation: (page 226)

https://books.google.ca/books?id=ESKhupnJxOMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Author: Shaun Donovan Book Title: Chronicles of a Biker Publisher: AuthorHouse, 2012 ISBN: 1468581899, 9781468581898 Luong.alois (talk) 18:38, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. As a self-published book, that doesn't meet the requirements for a reliable source. PianoDan (talk) 20:50, 24 June 2024 (UTC)