Talk:List of countries by system of government/alternate

Communist state
Ámerica — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.4.9.110 (talk) 21:08, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * China: Communist state
 * Cuba: Communist state
 * North Korea: Communist state one-man dictatorship
 * Laos: Communist state
 * Vietnam: Communist state

Constitutional democracy

 * Ghana: constitutional democracy
 * Panama: constitutional democracy
 * Sierra Leone: constitutional democracy
 * Suriname: constitutional democracy

Constitutional monarchy
note: Malaya (what is now Peninsular Malaysia) formed 31 August 1957; Federation of Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore) formed 9 July 1963 (Singapore left the Federation on 9 August 1965); nominally headed by the paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all of the Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka and Penang; Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by the Malaysian Government; powers of state governments are limited by the federal constitution; under the terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., the right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah - currently holds 20 seats in House of Representatives and will hold 25 seats after the next election; Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of Representatives
 * Antigua and Barbuda: constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament
 * Bahrain: constitutional hereditary monarchy
 * Belgium: federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch
 * Cambodia: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993
 * Denmark: constitutional monarchy
 * Grenada: constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
 * Japan: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government
 * Jordan: constitutional monarchy
 * Kuwait: nominal constitutional monarchy
 * Lesotho: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 * Liechtenstein: hereditary constitutional monarchy on a democratic and parliamentary basis
 * Luxembourg: constitutional monarchy
 * Malaysia: constitutional monarchy
 * Monaco: constitutional monarchy
 * Morocco: constitutional monarchy
 * Netherlands: constitutional monarchy
 * Norway: constitutional monarchy
 * Papua New Guinea: constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
 * Saint Kitts and Nevis: constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
 * Samoa: constitutional monarchy under native chief
 * Spain: parliamentary monarchy
 * Sweden: constitutional monarchy
 * Thailand: constitutional monarchy
 * Tonga: hereditary constitutional monarchy
 * Tuvalu: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
 * United Kingdom: constitutional monarchy

Constitutional republic

 * Iceland: constitutional republic
 * Paraguay: constitutional republic
 * Peru: constitutional republic
 * Uruguay: constitutional republic

Federal republic

 * Austria: federal republican
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina: emerging federal democratic republic
 * Brazil: federative republic
 * Ethiopia: federal republic
 * Germany: federal republic
 * India: federal republic
 * Mexico: federal republic
 * Pakistan: federal republic
 * Russia: federation
 * Switzerland: federal republic
 * United Arab Emirates: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
 * United States: Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
 * Venezuela: federal republic

Monarchy

 * Bhutan: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India
 * Oman: monarchy
 * Qatar: traditional monarchy
 * Saudi Arabia: monarchy
 * Swaziland: monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth

Parliamentary democracy

 * Andorra: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives
 * Aruba: parliamentary democracy
 * The Bahamas: constitutional parliamentary democracy
 * Bangladesh: parliamentary democracy
 * Barbados: parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
 * Belize: parliamentary democracy
 * Bermuda: parliamentary British overseas territory with internal self-government
 * Bulgaria: parliamentary democracy
 * Canada: confederation with parliamentary democracy
 * Cook Islands: self-governing parliamentary democracy
 * Croatia: presidential/parliamentary democracy
 * Czech Republic: parliamentary democracy
 * Dominica: parliamentary democracy; republic within the Commonwealth
 * Greenland: parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy
 * Hungary: parliamentary democracy
 * Israel: parliamentary democracy
 * Latvia: parliamentary democracy
 * Lithuania: parliamentary democracy
 * Jamaica: constitutional parliamentary democracy
 * Republic of Macedonia: parliamentary democracy
 * Isle of Man: parliamentary democracy
 * Mauritius: parliamentary democracy
 * Mongolia: parliamentary
 * Nepal: parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
 * Netherlands Antilles: parliamentary
 * New Zealand: parliamentary democracy
 * Niue: self-governing parliamentary democracy
 * Portugal: parliamentary democracy
 * Saint Lucia: Westminster-style parliamentary democracy
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
 * Slovakia: parliamentary democracy
 * Slovenia: parliamentary democratic republic
 * Solomon Islands: parliamentary democracy tending toward anarchy
 * Trinidad and Tobago: parliamentary democracy
 * Turkey: republican parliamentary democracy
 * Zimbabwe: parliamentary democracy

Parliamentary republic

 * Botswana: parliamentary republic
 * Burkina Faso: parliamentary republic
 * Estonia: parliamentary republic
 * Greece: parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
 * Singapore: parliamentary republic
 * Vanuatu: parliamentary republic

Republic
note: preponderance of power remains with the president note: a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 after a Greek junta-based coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly support a settlement based on a federation (Greek Cypriot position) or confederation (Turkish Cypriot position) note: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni Rabuka formally declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987
 * Algeria: republic
 * Angola: republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system
 * Argentina: republic
 * Armenia: republic
 * Azerbaijan: republic
 * Belarus: republic
 * Benin: republic under multiparty democratic rule; dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991
 * Bolivia: republic
 * Burundi: republic
 * Cameroon: unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
 * Cape Verde: republic
 * Central African Republic: republic
 * Chad: republic
 * Chile: republic
 * Colombia: republic; executive branch dominates government structure
 * Comoros: independent republic
 * Côte d'Ivoire: republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
 * Republic of the Congo: republic
 * Costa Rica: democratic republic
 * Cyprus: republic
 * Djibouti: republic
 * East Timor: republic
 * Ecuador: republic
 * Egypt: republic
 * El Salvador: republic
 * Equatorial Guinea: republic
 * Fiji: republic
 * Finland: republic
 * France: republic
 * Gabon: republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
 * The Gambia: republic under multiparty democratic rule
 * Georgia: republic
 * Guatemala: constitutional democratic republic
 * Guinea: republic
 * Guinea-Bissau: republic, multiparty since mid-1991
 * Guyana: republic within the Commonwealth
 * Honduras: democratic constitutional republic
 * Indonesia: republic
 * Ireland: republic
 * Italy: republic
 * Kazakhstan: republic
 * Kenya: republic
 * Kiribati: republic
 * South Korea: republic
 * Kyrgyzstan: republic
 * Lebanon: republic
 * Liberia: republic
 * Madagascar: republic
 * Maldives: republic
 * Mali: republic
 * Malta: republic
 * Mauritania: republic
 * Moldova: republic
 * Mozambique: republic
 * Namibia: republic
 * Nauru: republic
 * Nicaragua: republic
 * Niger: republic
 * Philippines: republic
 * Poland: republic
 * Romania: republic
 * Rwanda: republic; presidential, multiparty system
 * San Marino: independent republic
 * Sao Tome and Principe: republic
 * Senegal: republic under multiparty democratic rule
 * Serbia and Montenegro: republic
 * Seychelles: republic
 * South Africa: republic
 * Sri Lanka: republic
 * Syria: republic under military regime since March 1963
 * Tajikistan: republic
 * Tanzania: republic
 * Tunisia: republic
 * Turkmenistan: republic
 * Uganda: republic
 * Ukraine: republic
 * Uzbekistan: republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
 * Yemen: republic
 * Zambia: republic

Other democracies

 * Albania: emerging democracy
 * Australia: democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign
 * Dominican Republic: representative democracy
 * Hong Kong: limited democracy
 * Macau: limited democracy
 * Malawi: multiparty democracy
 * Taiwan: multiparty democratic regime headed by popularly-elected president and unicameral legislature

Transitional governments
note: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a constitution; Isaias Afworki was elected president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections had been scheduled in December 2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)
 * Afghanistan: transitional
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo: dictatorship; presumably undergoing a transition to representative government
 * Eritrea: transitional government
 * Iraq: in transition following April 2003 defeat of Saddam Husayn regime by US-led coalition
 * Nigeria: republic transitioning from military to civilian rule
 * Somalia: no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary national government
 * Togo: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Other governments

 * Brunei: constitutional sultanate
 * Burma: military regime
 * Cayman Islands: British crown colony
 * Haiti: elected government
 * Iran: theocratic republic
 * Libya: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship
 * Marshall Islands: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986
 * Federated States of Micronesia: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986; economic provisions of the Compact are being renegotiated
 * Northern Mariana Islands: commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
 * Palau: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994
 * Puerto Rico: commonwealth
 * Sudan: authoritarian regime - ruling military junta took power in 1989; government is run by an alliance of the military and the National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front (NIF), which espouses an Islamist platform
 * Vatican City: ecclesiastical
 * Western Sahara: legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by President Mohamed Abdelaziz; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991