Talk:List of state leaders in 1860

Central Italian States
How should the central Italian states (i.e. Tuscany, Modena, and Parma) be dealt with here? They were not annexed by Piedmont until March of 1860, but their monarchs had been thrown out several months before. They were under the de facto control of provisional governments, but I don't think that any other states recognized those governments as legitimate states, with the possibly exception of Piedmont. I would say that, technically, Ferdinand IV, Francis V, and Robert, should probably be considered as technically dukes until the Piedmontese annexation, bnd that they should be listed, but with notes saying that they were not in de facto control, and probably with mention of the de facto governments as well. But I'm not sure.

The issue of the Two Sicilies has some similar problems. Internationally, Francis II was recognized until early 1861, and he possessed at least some territory until then as well. But he'd de facto lost control of most of his kingdom by the fall of 1860, and I believe at some point in late 1860 it was officially annexed by Piedmont. Not sure how this list can deal with that. john k 15:11, 19 August 2006 (UTC)