Talk:Métis/Archive 1

Métis
Theres a massive diference between Métis of Canada and Mestizo of Latin America. Starting with the history (Lous Riel etc) right through to diferences in acceptance within society.

These articles ought not to be merged, but rather the article on Métis needs to be expanded.


 * Which is precisely why there is an article for the Métis of Canada. --Kmsiever 16:21, 14 November 2005 (UTC)


 * The rationale for the merge eludes me. The term Métis is French (hence use of it in Vietnam).  However, "The Métis" really only refers to the people in Canada.  "Mestizo" is only related in a very general way (people of European/Aboriginal origin).  Beyond a one-line statement to that effect there's not much more that the peoples have in common. What's with this merge mania?  Sunray 21:01, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

French Wikipedia article
The french wikipedia article on Métis explains the use of the word in French and the different groups around the world. That article simply provides a link to Mestizo. Personally, I think there should be a page for the general term "Métis" and then links to articles about the different groups around the world as each has their own history.--Raisaroo 00:06, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge?
How come there's a separate article for the word Métis? The modern ethnic group in North America is already dealt with in Métis people, and the use of this French word to refer to people elsewhere is explained under Mestizo. If this article is intended to refer to anyone of part-French ancestry from Indochina to the Pacific to the Caribbean, then I think it should be much more explicit about that. //Big Adamsky 21:33, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Do not merge the articles. Métis relates to Canada, Mestizo relates to Latin America, therefore they are different concepts. -- OldRightist 07:39, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * My point was that the articles explaining the non-English words Métis, Mestizo, Mestiço, Mestiso and Mischling are all used both in their non-specific sense of "mixed-race" and in a more specific meaning referring to a particular group of people in a particlar geographical setting. But for Métis there are separate articles for the generic meaning and the particular North American meaning. As already stated, other people in other parts of the world also are identified and self-identify as métis/métisses. My point being that mestizo means different things depending on whether you are in Latin America or elsewhere in the world. Compare Mulatto which can only refer to one mixture (black + white; although no longer in any fixed proportions). //Big Adamsky 16:41, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * As I wrote at Talk:Mestizo I think they could profitably be merged, as long as the current article is not replaced by a redirect but by an explanation providing links to Mestizo and Métis people (okay, I didn't write tht last part before). And I agree that in a general sense the two words mean the same thing. John FitzGerald 03:28, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I think there is some confusion here. Métis  is a distinctly Canadian term.  The closest french equivalent is Métisse (which is most often used to mean "French and Black" mixes).  Some Métis do refer to themselves as Métisse, but that is a preference.  To put another point of view on this article, consider that in Section 35 of the Constitution act of Canada that "Indian, Métis and Inuit" are labelled as the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada.  Add to this that these are distinct groups and are not meant to be generic in nature as the constitution of Canada then reaffirms that these groups have rights.  In order to confer rights, there must be a distinct membership.  Without entering into the ensuing political and legal debate, suffice to say that merger is inappropriate.  While Métis, may have come from Métisse which may have come from another root latin word: These words no longer mean the same thing.  To be simply mixed blood in Canada does not confer Aboriginal rights, no matter the blood quantum.  For those interested, look up R. Vs. Powley for more information on Métis legality issues and identity.  For etymological reasons, a link to similar root words may be interesting, but I think a merger is unwarranted and would end up being confusing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.53.89.131 (talk • contribs) (06:40, 10 March 2006)

Redirect from Mestee
Mestee is a separate word from Métis. The Métis are a specific first nation with a particular mixed heritage of a certain tribe and french fur traders. Mestee refers to any first nations (of any nation) people of mixed white, indian and oftentimes African descent. Two different terms entirely. Mestee is not in a lot of use these days, hence the confusion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.101.149.246 (talk) 20:59, 10 March 2012 (UTC) Mestee is not a separate word from Métis. It is a different spelling of the word Métis and has a similar meaning of being 'variously mixed' with European-Indigenous-African blood which is a movement of the same meaning of the word over time and space; which means 'admixture' and can include self-consciousness of specific cultural traits and practices and admixtures; also such admixtures move and change demographically, geographically, and by class distinction. The term 'Metis' is not calcified and static. The expression of 'Metisness' is changing and will continue to change, just is has Mestee. Also, their ARE Metis people's from history who were AFRICAN-FRENCH speakers and INDIGENOUS and who were well known fur traders. The myth about the Metis in Canada only being from "Pure White French or Anglo European stock and marrying into the so-called "Pure" Indigenous bloodlines of Indigenous woman is a new neo-nationalist, almost White supremacist lie. The Other spellings of Métis include 'Mestisse' 'Metisse.' Mestee  is still in use in some communities on the Eastern Seaboard. Métis did not originally mean "specific first nation with a particular mixed heritage of a certain tribe and french fur traders." This is absolutely false in every way, shape and form. This specific term you mention is only a recent modern use of the term 'Metis;' (and I would argue is actually 'Anti-Metis,' in terms of the original historical character and spirit of Metis peoples everywhere) it is a made up fantasy that denies the other ethnic contributions and admixtures to the North American fur trade era. it is only recent, in the last 60-70 years in Canada that this 'New Meaning of the term came into being.' Any comprehensive textual or literature search on the use of the word and term 'Metis' will prove my point and show a very low dispersed use of the term Metis which is clearly evident in a textual search; all over North America, from various peoples with various admixtures, including French, English, British Isles, Black and Indigenous -Mexican; French speaking, Spanish speaking, Dutch, German and English speaking cultures, the term was used; the frequency of usage of the term 'Metis' went from approximately a 0.000020% use in all literature surveyed by data bases and that mentions the word 'Metis,' starting from 1800, with little change of the frequency of the use of the word for 160 years, (as the Metis word also meant "1/4" of a mixture both including and not including regional cultural specific practices); so therefore you had a stable population of people who were "becoming a 1/4" of something through intermixing, usually Indigenous admixture, but not exclusively. Then in about 1960, in a period between 1960 to 1990, the use of the word Metis went from a stable 0.000020% and skyrocketed to 0.0000966861% ( Ngram Viewer) which is an increase of almost 80%! What could be going on here? Did suddenly the use of the word 'Metis' become so prevalent among people, due to an 80% increase in births, and evident in census records, discussed in research journals, books, newspaper articles, etc. etc., as to warrant a similar increase in actual real live, mixed Indigenous European 'Metis' births in Canada, and thus explain the subsequent 80% rise in the use of the term 'Metis?' Where are all these visibly darker skinned-Euro-Canadian-Indigenous mixed Metis people? I don't see them. I keep encountering, everywhere I go, totally and completely 'White' Metis people, who all say the same thing; I'found out I had an Indigenous ancestor' 5 or 7 generations ago through a genealogy search, and I am now 'Metis,' because I fit a 'narrow criteria' of a "specific first nation with a particular mixed heritage of a certain tribe and french fur traders," but yet the 'french fur trader' part is missing, since their father's side in the family were never trading furs but were 'boat builders' or 'farmers from Iceland,' and they have no connection to any tribe. So, due to all these reasons mentioned above, Mestee should remain connected to Metis, because Mestee is Metis. Just as is Mulatto, Mestizo, Mestico, Melange, Boise Brule, Red Bone etc. It is a different variation on a word which means the exact same thing. Metis are not above this reality; i.e., that they are somehow are of a 'pure' 'Metis' blood line, separate somehow, removed from all the other mixing that happened in North America. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hubarde (talk • contribs)

Changes in preparation for the merge
As a Canadian Metis, I made some big changes to this article which I thought better repesented the wiki-interests to merge the terms metis and mestizo. I tried to make language of the article more neutral so the term metis could be used in a cursory manner for the Metis Nation of Canada but disentangle the article from its former narrow association to the new wider desired use of the word (ie. to merge it with other article). Northernstar79 07:37, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm not Métis, though many of my friends have been, but from what I understand, since the 1982 Constitution or maybe since some agreement since, the term Metis in Canada means not only the traditional Metis of the Prairies as described in the current article, but also anyone of a certain percentage of mixed-blood people of status descent as well as the original Métis. I'm not sure about Metis politics, but I think there's a parallel Metis organization for the non-traditional Metis. At least there is here in BC. Maybe they've amalgamated nationally or something?

Skookum1 07:33, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

In Québec high-school history class we were taught that métis meant the off-spring of a white-male and female-native. This is why this term is confusing as it has different meanings depending on what part of Canada you are from and sometimes it gives a person certain status and other times no. For example, I had met Ontario hunters who would one distant Native ancestor to get their métis card so they could hunt off-season in Algonquin park. Murmullo (talk) 15:22, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

I am a Metis, I have ancestry connections to the red river fur trade. The term Metis is used rather loosely. The traditions, culture, and customs associated with My culture, are passed down generation to generation, and elders i n my community, still speak michif. Since we the Metis didn't sign treaties, and being a highly mobile people, business men, and diplomats we opened up the west to the start of the Canadian Nation, we still are here. Before the Canadian flag, the Metis flag, was and is still here. Our flag still eclipses this Canadian flag.

To be canadian is, that of a country that has many languages and no distinct culture itself. Apparently to be a culture or a canadian eh! have to love hockey, and go to work, and talk down everyone that is aboriginal. I am Metis, i fish without a license, i hunt without a tag, and i don't care about the size of the horns, i care about the taste of the meat. I can do the jig, and dance on the candian flag, I will wear my metis sash.

(a metis without borders) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.36.142.95 (talk) 17:54, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Mestee and Mustee both redirect here - ??
I'm not sure at all the inclusion of the Southern US term is the same, as it referred to black-white mixes....I think, I could be wrong, it might refer to aboriginal-white or aboriginal-black mixes too, though in the US South I thought that was "creole". Mustee I've always associated in a pejorative sense with mixed black-white people.Skookum1 (talk) 09:13, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Phonetic sounds for Metis
I am wondering why someone used Greek letters for the pronunciation?Domsta333 (talk) 12:51, 23 March 2013 (UTC)
 * That's gone now, with the proper French origin given. The Greek form, in the nominative anyway, is pronounced -eese with a final 's' unlike the usual English form, which is May-TEE or often MAY-tee.  And the Greek vowel for the first syllable is entirely different, also.  What's missing here is the canadien pronunciation, which given the French spelling used should be given - Meh-TSEE - with the common t->ts heard in quebecois and I think also in acadien, I'm not sure about Metis French, it may be different.Skookum1 (talk) 09:17, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Usage of 'Métis'
I was just looking for information about the vietnaam and noticed that this page makes it look like metis people only means the mixed native people of canada. Metis is used to refer to many other mixed people. For example the mixed vietnamese-french people (many of which were born during or after the war in vietnam). Someone with more wiki-courage should edit this page ;). MisterSheik 03:26, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)


 * Good point. I'm going to move this page to Métis people (Canada), and then someone can provide a more general article here. John FitzGerald 01:13, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)


 * I added a stub here as well, mainly cribbed from the French side. Now, before changing all those links that need to be changed, I'm going to wait and see if anyone moves the old article back &#8211; if someone has a better way to handle this problem I'll be all for it. John FitzGerald 01:36, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Indeed, outside of Canada, Métis gets used in french colonies referring to children of ethnically mixed marriage. See: http://indochine.uqam.ca/en/historical-dictionary/886-metis.html. However, we do not have a section about the vietnamese métis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Murmullo (talk • contribs) 00:45, 14 July 2017 (UTC) Based on MisterSheik's comments, I added a small section about métis in indochina, however it needs work. Murmullo (talk) 03:24, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

Redundant "Métis in Canada" content?
Since there is already a child article for Metis in Canada, why keep so much material about Canadian Métis here? Could it be taken out and merged with the other article? This article seems more appropriate as a general explanation of the French term "metis" which is in use worldwide, not just in Canada. 184.144.103.225 (talk) 22:07, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

Sidebar Indigenous Peoples of Canada
I don’t think it belongs here. It’s correctly used in the Métis in Canada article. This article is not about Canadians. In fact, you’d have to add a sidebar on Indigenous Peoples in the United States. Anyway, anyone got a problem if I take it out? deisenbe (talk) 13:59, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

Article title/content problem
Someone has added a section on the "Métis" in Vietnam which is a group entirely separate from the group in this article. Another case of the WP:NAD problem that plagues Wikipedia: Confusing the topic with the terminology used to describe it.

The term Métis is, of course, used in a variety of contexts in French and English. Though the North American group is perhaps the most well established it is by no means unique. Also I debate the usefulness of having Métis in Canada, Métis in the United States, and Métis. Though certainly there are some unique aspects of the subsets, does that really mean separate articles are necessary? To be honest the U.S. subset is not particularly large or organized.

Let me make a proposal.
 * Merge Métis in Canada, Métis in the United States and Métis into Métis (North America).
 * Create a Métis people (Vietnam).
 * Change this article to be a disambiguation.

-- MC 141.131.2.3 (talk) 19:12, 15 January 2018 (UTC)


 * Since métis are pretty different in the U.S. than in Canada, I think they should stay separate articles. deisenbe (talk) 14:03, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

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 * A Métis man and his two wives, circa 1825-1826.jpg

Métis (capital "M") versus métis (lower-case "m", French word)
This article, and the article Métis in Canada, are mixing up a couple of terms. In French, the word "métis" with a lower-case "m" refers to any person with an ethnically mixed background, living anywhere in the world. The person could be Creole, Eurasian, or so on. The term "Métis" with a capital "M" is used in Canada to refer to a specific cultural group, the Red River Métis (who are considered one of the groups of Indigenous people in Canada). The Red River Métis have an ancestry with mixed Indigenous and European families (usually Cree, Ojibwa, Scottish or French) but have their own unique culture, language, customs, etc. I think a clear distinction needs to be made between the more general meaning of the French word, versus the specific Métis people in western Canada. This point has sort of been raised above by others. There are people throughout Canada, and the world, who might describe themselves as lower-case m "métis"... or they might be described by others this way... but they aren't the same people as the Red River Métis. Just wondering what others think of this point, I could edit some stuff later after I find sources. This entire article is actually quite confusing and a bit misleading. It should probably just explain the meaning of the word in French, and point to more specific articles on specific métis groups worldwide (like Métis in Canada). OttawaAC (talk) 17:47, 15 July 2017 (UTC)
 * The article is specifically about Métis in North America, not general discussion of the word “Métis”.—Cúchullain t/ c 13:06, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

Why do only the Red River Metis have the right to capitalize the usage of Metis? Are they saying that these other 'mixed race' Metis people in Vietnam, Senegal, Russia, Central America, Eastern Canada and in other places in North America and around the world who choose to use the term, and have used the term based on historically established, hundreds of years-old traditions, are somehow 'not legitimate;' as people with 'agency?' to decide how THEY call themselves? and how to use the term? Isn't that a kind of weird 'Aryan' purity, White supremacist ideology going on here? This is an outrage if this is the case. Imagine Woman in California telling all other woman on the West Coast they could not longer use the term 'Woman' to describe themselves as they for some reason 'are not legitimate.' Imagine if Chinese people in China said all the Chinese born in South America are not 'Real Chinese' and therefore have to use the term Chinese with a small 'c.' Really! what could be the matter here? What is really going on here?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hubarde (talk • contribs)


 * All Métis are descendants of First Nations People and some Native American People and French and to a lessor extent Scottish people but not all descendants are Métis. The Red River Métis have a distinct language, customs and traditions. Descendants of indigenous Peoples and non-Natives, unless they are distinctly Métis are descendants. There is nothing wrong with being a descendant and I am not sure why those who are feel the need to adopt a specific title. It has nothing to do with purity, it has to do with being recognized my a specific community.

A person with Chinese ancestry born in Argentina for example would be a Chinese Argentinian. A person with Chinese ancestry born in the United States would be a Chinese American. Neither are citizens of China so they are not Chinese. It's really quite simple. Indigenous girl (talk) 12:32, 10 May 2019 (UTC)

Remove "Métis in Canada" content
There is already a well written article regarding this content, I would like to remove the repeated information from this article and keep it strictly as an overview of who the Métis are on both sides of the border. I'd like to add what kind of political organization there is (both in Canada and the US), discuss the role of the border and how that influenced the Métis on both sides (include discussion of the Medicine line and it's history, this is not in the Métis in Canada article and only a slight mention in the article of the 49th Parallel) and maybe touch on court rulings. Is there opposition to me removing this section? S.cacciotti (talk) 03:53, 29 November 2019 (UTC)

Merge
Already a great deal of duplication between these three articles. Once they are cleaned up and sourced, they will all fit easily into one, much better, article. I'll start in soon. - CorbieV  ☊ ☼ 21:15, 24 April 2019 (UTC)


 * In my experience, merges are rarely improvements. If these three articles...  I am guessing you mean Metis, Metis in Canada and Metis in the United States duplicate information that is a problem.  Information duplicated between multiple related articles is a problem because that means there are multiple articles that need to be updated, when new information requires an update.  It is a problem when the multiple locations contradict one another.  Even if the multiple locations are synchronized, they can diverge, again, and start to contradict one another when they are subsequently updated.  So, yes, articles that duplicate the information in related articles are a problem.


 * Another solution is to strip away the duplication. In this particular case, strip the duplication from Metis in Canada and Metis in the United States, and leave most of the shared information in Metis, leaving just enough to provide background in the other two articles.


 * , did you consider this? Geo Swan (talk) 13:10, 30 April 2019 (UTC)


 * Once the duplications, incorrect and uncited stuff are all cut from this article, there will hardly be anything here. - CorbieV  ☊ ☼ 17:03, 30 April 2019 (UTC)
 * It doesn't seem that way to me. Geo Swan (talk) 02:21, 1 May 2019 (UTC)


 * Support. There are not a large population of Métis people in the United States, and those that are here have historical roots in Canada. Yuchitown (talk) 04:36, 17 May 2019 (UTC)Yuchitown
 * Support. I just removed some crazy, uncited material. The factual aspects of this article duplicate the Métis article. Writing-on-stone (talk) 16:21, 15 September 2019 (UTC)writing-on-stone


 * Don't merge The historical and present-day contexts surrounding being Métis in the USA vs. being Métis in Canada are distinctive and very much influenced by the presence of two different nation states dividing a traditional territory. Adding adequate sources and content in this article, such as adding references to works by scholars who researched Métis peoples in the USA (e.g. Michel Hogue, Nicholas Vrooman, Ruth Swan, Martha H. Foster, only to name a few.) would highlight the unique experiences Métis personhood south of the 49th parallel. These experiences were not necessarily replicated in Canada, despite the fact that many Métis families have relatives on both sides of the line today.  ProfPigeon (talk) 18:06, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There's not much useful information currently in the article. Would you care to contribute anything substantive to it? Yuchitown (talk) 21:39, 25 September 2019 (UTC)Yuchitown

I would like to add a summary to the introduction, as there currently is none.
 * S.cacciotti (talk) 14:41, 15 November 2019 (UTC)


 * Comment. It's been seven and a half months since the merge was first proposed with three votes for (I'm include the original proposal as a vote) and one against. Does anyone else want to vote? Can we wrap this up? Yuchitown (talk) 21:57, 6 December 2019 (UTC)Yuchitown


 * Support U.S. communities may be smaller, but their cultural roots are the same. The Métis Nation's own research shows that even the Red River-centric cultural area stretched way down into Illinois and Missouri. However, the article should present the broadest definition of Métis as the primary definition. Canada's Supreme Court ruled against the narrow, Red River-centric, Métis Nation definition in Daniels v Canada. The Métis Nation should either get a section of the broader article or a separate article of their own. They are one kind of Métis people, but they are not the only kind recognized under Canada's constitution. 2TWarren (talk) 07:40, 7 December 2019 (UTC)


 * Support I support the merge with clean up, which I am unfortunately unable to contribute to right now. Indigenous girl (talk) 22:47, 7 December 2019 (UTC)

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 * Homme-acadien-predeportation1700s.jpg

Q and a
Hey. I’m Métis. And living in the USA. anyone have any questions for me ? Freedomnowandforever (talk) 00:57, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a forum. Wikipedia does not use original research.  All we do here is cite, summarize, and paraphrase professionally-published mainstream academic or journalistic sources, without addition, nor commentary. Ian.thomson (talk) 23:53, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

It seems that Michif is a mixed language, not a creole
The wikipedia page for Michif specifies that it's a mixed language, and not a creole. The Michif section of this page also calls Michif a mixed language. The book Nominal Contact in Michif by Carrie Gillon and Nicole Rosen says in its introduction, "Michif is usually characterized as a ‘mixed language.'" On January 27, 2020, someone added "Creole" to the page in a lot of other parts of the page. I'm not sure how to best approach changing all of those as I have little experience editing Wikipedia pages.

Calebdgm (talk) 16:05, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Nonsense sentence
This sentence from the lead makes no sense, and I don't know enough about the subject to know what it's trying to say: "As from the groups such as the Manitoba Métis Federation strongly contest the notion that the origins of the proper noun “Métis” and the historical record clearly indicate that it refers to all people of mixed Indigenous North American and European heritage." Hoping someone can fix it. Somatochlora (talk) 15:08, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I think I fixed it. CambridgeBayWeather, Uqaqtuq (talk), Huliva 08:17, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:45, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 18 January 2022 and 5 May 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cplaag. Peer reviewers: Ewalker2. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lcoffmanpstcc (talk • contribs) 11:47, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

Some definitions of Métis
For information. --- Le petit Larousse, p. 654, c. 1962

Métis, Métisse adj. et n. (du latin mixtus, mélangé), Qui est issu du croisement de sujets de races différentes || Qui résulte d'un mélange : toile métisse (lin et coton). -- Oxford Languages online

Mé·tis māˈtēs noun

noun; Metis; plural noun: Metis; plural noun: Métis; noun: Métis; noun: Metises; noun: Métises

(especially in western Canada) a person of mixed indigenous and Euro-American ancestry, in particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Métis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers.

adjective: Metis relating to the Métis.

Origin

from French métis, from Latin mixtus ‘mixed’ (see also mestizo).

The American College Dictionary, p. 767, 1962

métis n. 1. any person of mixed ancestry. 2. U.S. a person of one-eighth Negro ancestry; an octoroon. 3. Canada. a half-breed of white, esp. French, and Indian parentage. [t. F. g. LL mixticius of mixed blood]—métisse', ''n. fem. -- Merriam-Webster online

mé·​tis | \ mā-ˈtē(s) \ plural métis\ mā-​ˈtē(s) , -​ˈtēz \

Definition of métis - a person of mixed blood especially usually Métis : the offspring of an Indigenous American and a person of European ancestry

NOTE: In Canada, the name Métis refers to one of three major, legally recognized groups of aboriginal peoples, the other two being the First Nations and the Inuit. --- Le Robert Dico en ligne

métis​​​, métisse​​​ adjectif et nom

1. (PERSONNES) Dont les parents sont de couleur de peau différente. nom Un(e) métisse.

2. (ANIMAUX) Issu du croisement de races différentes. Chien métis. ➙ bâtard, corniaud, croisé ; RÉGIONAL zinneke. (PLANTES) Hybride. Œillet métis.

EN APPOSITION Toile métisse OU nom masculin métis : toile de coton et de lin. Drap métis.

SYNONYMES métis adjectif
 * métissé, chabin (Antilles), mulâtre (vieux), quarteron (vieux), sang-mêlé (vieux)
 * [Zoologie] hybride, bâtard, corniaud, croisé, mâtiné, zinneke (familier, Belgique)
 * bâtard, mâtiné

DÉFINITION ANCIENNE (17e SIÈCLE) Dictionnaire universel de Furetière, publié en 1690. Définition de « MESTIF, IVE » subst. & adj. Quelques-uns disent metis, & mestice. Qui est venu de deux differentes Especes. On le dit proprement des chiens engendrez d'un chien & d'une chienne differents d'espece. On ne sçait quelle sorte de chien c'est là, il n'est ni matin ni levrier, il est mestif. Le mulet est d'une nature mestive, engendré d'un asne & d'une Cavalle. Ce fruit est d'une nature mestive ; il n'est ny poire, ni pomme, mais il participe de l'un & de l'autre. MESTIF, se dit figurément des hommes qui sont engendrez de pere & mere de differente qualité, pays, couleur, ou Religion. Cet enfant est mestif engendré d'un pere esclave, & d'une mere libre, d'un More & d'une Espagnole. En Espagne on appelle Mulato, celuy qui est engendré de pere ou de mere de differente couleur ou de Religion, qui participe de l'une & de l'autre, comme un mulet participe de deux natures ; & c'est une fort grande injure. On appelle aussi mestif, un enfant né d'un Indien & d'une Espagnole, ou au contraire, dans le pays on les appelle crioles. Au Perou on appelle proprement Mestis, ceux qui sont nez d'un Espagnol & d'une Sauvage.

Définition de « METIS » adj. masc. C'est un nom que les Espagnols donnent aux enfans qui sont nez d'un Indien & d'une Espagnole, ou d'un Espagnol & d'une Indienne. On appelle aussi chiens metis, ceux qui sont nez de differente race, comme d'un Levron & d'une Épagneule.Cblambert (talk) 18:11, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

Le petit Robert 1989 ed., p. 1228

MÉTIS, ISSE. [metis] adj. (Mestiz, fin XIIe; bas. lat. mixticus, de mixtus « mélange »}. 1. Qui est mélangé. Qui est moitié d'un chose, moitié d'un autre. — Mod. tissu métis, toile métisse, dont la chaîne est en coton et la trame est de lin (fil et coton). Sust. du métis, Drap de métis. ♦ 2. (Metice'', 1615; du port. de même orig.) Qui est issu de croisement de race, de variétés différentes dans la même espèce. Dont le père et la mère sont de race différentes. Enfants métis. Subt. « La métisse épousée par le commandant de Maize. » (Mart. du G.) Métis né d'un Noir et d'une Blanche [ou d'une Blanche et d'un Noir] '(V. mulâtre), ''d'un Européen et d'une Asiatique (V. Eurasien) Descendant de métis et d'une race pure. V. Quarteron. V. aussi Hybride; batârd. ◇ Ant. Pur. -- Devrim Karahasan’s ‘’Métissage in New France and Canada’’ (1508-1886)' Thesis published in 2006." p. 189 : At the same time, the term ‘’metis’’ had further variants that ranged from ‘’mestif’’ or ‘’mestive’’ in 1702, 1708, 1727 and 1732 in Furetière, and in 1704, 1721, 1732, 1740, 1743, 1752 and 1771 in Trévoux, to ‘’mestice’’ or ‘’metice’’ in 1743 ann 1752 in the same dictionary [Trévoux]. Cblambert (talk) 18:11, 19 March 2022 (UTC)" "p. 183 : Citing The Métis Nation, Ottawa : Metis National Council, Fall 1984, p. 6 : Written with a small ‘m’, metis is a racial term for anyone of mixed Indian and European ancestry. Written with a capital ‘M’, Metis is a socio-cultural or political term for those originally of mixed ancestry who evolved into a distinct indigeonous people during a certain period in a certain region in Canada. Cblambert (talk) 01:24, 21 March 2022 (UTC)"

Devrim Karahasan’s ‘’Métissage in New France and Canada Revisited’’ (1508-1886) Essay about thesis published 12 years later (in 2018), including to "correct some factual mistakes" in the original thesis.

Karahasan’s revisiting essay is reassuring in light of this admission of correction to some factual mistakes that I'd noted in terms of "filles du roi" dates, his describing Crowfoot as an Iroquois, and so on. Cblambert (talk) 20:59, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Distant ancestry?
I would like to either delete the following sentence, or modify it: " People with more distant ancestry are not part of the Métis ethnicity or culture.". It could perhaps be modified to "Some people with distant indigenous ancestors might not identify as Métis." I'm not sure what "distant ancestry" means anyway, as everyone has distant ancestors. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:49, 13 April 2022 (UTC)


 * No need to modify the wording, sources added. I can add more if need be. Being Metis is being part of the culture and community, having the community claim you not the other way around. If I were to have distant heritage from Scotland, let's say from the 1600s, that would not make me Scottish. I would simply have a many times great grandparent who married into a different nationality and eventually I became what I am today which is defined by culture and community as well as sovereignty and politics. Indigenous girl (talk) 16:51, 14 April 2022 (UTC)


 * No problem. I'm fine with leaving it as it is, if you prefer. Thanks for adding sources! Alternatively, if you're interested we could discuss possibly changing it to be clearer or even expanding it to have more info from the sources. Maybe leaving it vague and ambiguous is OK. I don't know whether "distant" means dilute, or far in the past. It could mean only one of someone's 64 great-great-great-great grandparents was Scottish; or it could mean someone who had, say, 40 of the 64 having been Scottish, but the intervening generations did not live in Scotland, speak Gaelic or wear kilts, etc. So that seems to me two different meanings of the word "distant". Also, the article doesn't say more distant than what: how distant? Maybe the two meanings overlap and some vagueness is OK since clearer definitions are determined elsewhere, such as in the internal membership processes of the organizations. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:51, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

Indigenous versus aboriginal
I believe the current commonly used term in Canada is "indigenous", for example by CBC. I'd like to go through the part about Métis in Canada and replace "aboriginal" by "indigenous" whenever it isn't a quote, legal term etc. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:05, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * On second thought, perhaps I'll leave it as-is. "Indigenous" includes Métis; when talking about the ancestry another term is needed, so maybe "aboriginal" doesn't mean exactly the same thing as "indigenous". I'm not sure, so perhaps I'll leave it. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:55, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

legal term spelling
Is this revert of my edit really correct? It says "restore legal term spelling". Where's a source for putting the word "Peoples" after the word "an"? Why was the wikilink removed? Why was "World Council of Indigenous Peoples" changed back to just "World Council of Indigenous" (although there's a "P" in the acronym)? I'd appreciate it if anyone could explain these to me. ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:49, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes and no. The World Council of Indigenous Peoples should be spelt out in full and linked. It appears nowhere else in the article but does require a citation. The legal term spelling is now sourced and does not use capitals and uses the wording in the source. CambridgeBayWeather, Uqaqtuq (talk), Huliva 19:04, 21 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks!! ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 17:54, 22 April 2022 (UTC)

Double indentation in Supreme Court quote
A quote from the Supreme Court contains two paragraphs, the second indented further than the first. Presumably this is because the Supreme Court themselves were quoting someone else who authored the second paragraph. Who was being quoted? Presumably the Supreme Court indicated somehow who they were quoting. I think this Wikipedia article should also indicate somehow who was the author of the second paragraph. We could indicate it by saying something like "The Supreme Court, including a quote of ... wrote:" ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 14:49, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I found the citation for the second paragraph and put it in the footnote. I might come back later and format it better. 64.228.74.8 (talk) 18:20, 8 July 2022 (UTC)
 * This citation needs to be reviewed to make sure it adequately cites the content, and the citations placed immediately after the quotes they cite, not in the preceding text. If they can't be confirmed to accurately cite the preceding text the quotes cannot be kept. This article needs a lot of cleanup, and those quotes and cites more than a bit confusing. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 02:07, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Change to Métis Page
The Métis (/meɪˈtiː(s)/ may-TEE(S); Canadian French: [metis]) are Indigenous peoples who inhabit Canada's three Prairie Provinces, as well as parts of British Columbia, Ontario, the Northwest Territories, and the Northern United States.[

206.223.163.58 (talk) 15:00, 31 October 2022 (UTC)


 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 23:00, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

Ongoing disruption by IPs, SPAs and the insertion of "Ontario"
While certainly not a flurry or edit war, I'm finding the chronic, ongoing addition of unsourced and inaccurate content by IPs and WP:SPAs tiresome and annoying. Does anyone else feel like semi-protection is warranted? If requested, I can push the buttons. But only if others agree, as I've also edited here. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 20:57, 15 October 2022 (UTC)


 * Yes please. I was going to revert the recent changes but got distracted. Indigenous girl (talk) 21:15, 15 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @CorbieVreccan I support semi-protection. It will hopefully encourage those users to use the talk page rather than adding unsourced/inaccurate material. Netherzone (talk) 21:15, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

OK. Per usual, if anyone has issues with this, ping me here or feel free to take it up at WP:RFPP. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 21:22, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

Could we get semi-protection please? This is continuing to be a problem. Indigenous girl (talk) 00:17, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * At this point, it would be better for another admin to do it as I've been editing. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 18:06, 1 December 2022 (UTC)


 * Lets read the article or do basic research before reverting. Have been dealing with this "race murder" on Wikipedia for years. " The Manitoba Métis Federation promotes a concept of a Métis Nation that is limited to areas associated with the former Rupert’s Land and Red River settlements, excluding the possibility of “new” Métis communities elsewhere in the country." We should not be carrying this article in a direction that many  referred to as "racist and discriminatory"... Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 00:44, 1 December 2022 (UTC)


 * you seem to be doing a lot of edits advocating for the Métis Nation of Ontario. Do you have a connection to this group? Implying that cited sources and editors are "racist" or committing "race murder" for discussing the many issues with that group, such as being called out by the National Council for being "90% non-Métis", among other things, is highly inappropriate. Indigenous identity is based in citizenship, not race. I'm not sure a general encyclopedia should be used to replace more specialized sources, and ongoing consensus here is to not include Ontario in the lede. The only user or users repeatedly putting the Ontario in the lede before you, at least in recent months, have been IP vandals, that I recall. So, like others here, I am going to revert your change. I strongly suggest you do not imply that other editors are "racist", or committing "race murder", for citing reliable sources, especially when they are members in good standing of the Indigenous editing pool here on the 'pedia. Best, -  CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 18:06, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed CorbieVreccan. This page should describe the contentions between different groups that use the term but it should not be used to advance the POV of one group over another, especially new groups that are not as widely recognized by other groups. And we shouldn't be accusing the Manitoba Métis Federation of advancing a racist agenda. Dan Carkner (talk) 18:26, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * @Moxy where do you get this accusation of race murder when being Metis is political rather than racial? The criteria to be considered Metis is pretty cut and dry, you can't magically become a new Metis community elsewhere in the country. Metis are regionally specific and must meet other criteria as well. There is nothing racist or discriminatory about being factual. There have been ongoing legacy issues regarding citizenship. That is not the fault of anyone outside of MNO, that is the fault of MNO. Indigenous girl (talk) 19:00, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I also just checked, and the "encyclopedia" Moxy is inserting in various places is actually an opinion piece. So, not RS at all. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 19:02, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * From Metis in Canada: History Identity Law and Politics pages 6-7 which Moxy has posted the link to above
 * "Peterson argues,"thus, when contemporary scholars embrace terms such as the Ontario Metis Nation and conciously translate nineteenth-century English-language terms like Half-breeds or mixed-bloods from the documentary record into the politicized French-language term Metis (as in Metis Nation), they change the intended meanings of the original writers and of the terms themselves. Whatever the intent, the use of Metis in this context has implanted Metis communities, Metis identity, and Metis political conciousness into regions and times where they did not exist before."
 * I think this is pretty clear and comes from a source which they themselves provided. Indigenous girl (talk) 19:19, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * If that's not in the MNO article, it probably belongs there. I know Peterson is cited. There was some very confusing stuff sourced to Peterson and some other authors that I tried to clarify. I'd appreciate you taking a look at it if you have a chance. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 19:34, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I'll try to get to it. I'll at least check if it's there. Indigenous girl (talk) 19:38, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Can't belive what I am seeing "regionally specific". Find it very odd that self identity and government recognition is being ignored. Didn't call anyone anything this is what the sources said. So how can we fix this problem? Why type of sources should we use? Thus far the lead has a dead source and 2 that cover Ontario ... . The Métis (Canadian ) are Indigenous peoples who inhabit Canada's three Prairie Provinces, as well as parts of British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, and the Northern United States.    . Has anyone here looked at Upper Great Lakes  Métis?. Don't you find it odd the same edit has been trying to been inserted over and over..... calling in vandalism is clearly wrong when there's a multitude of sources..... even sources explaining the problem.
 * Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 22:33, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 22:33, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 22:33, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 22:33, 1 December 2022 (UTC)


 * I also replied over on the Metis Nation of Ontario talk page, but briefly, the settler-colonial courts systems, professors and authors are not the final authority here. We must take into account the consensus of established, intact, Indigenous communities and community leaders, notably those of the Métis themselves. The sources in the article for actual Métis people in any part of Ontario are for small parts of Northwest Ontario, not the entire region, and the reliable sources don't support the new groups that are allowing self-Indigenization. Small parts of the region are not enough to simply put "Ontario" in the lede; that would be misleading. The areas that are the exception are covered in the footnotes and further down in the article. -  CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 19:02, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * What is missleading is not citing the ref that are right there...its why there is a problem of IPs trying to add what is in the sources they look at. But good to see you agree there is communities in Ontario. Not sure why it would be undue in the lead ... omission is a POV that we should avoid. BC is just as small. We should simply state the facts...because even the Métis National Council that  rejects the idea of 'new Ontario Métis  agree there is communities in Ontario. Even the Métis homeland released in 2018 by the Manitoba Métis Federation  agree part of Ontario- they are the ones that have left the National Council and are in legal action with the Ontario metis, who of cource have a broader view of the area the map should cover like the one the Metis Nation-Saskatchewa use a few years ago . Nations of people dont stop because of  Europen man made lines on a map...its all about territory that they say is  traditional. As it stand right now the article is bias towards one POV over just being factual and leting the article explain. Its simple odd not to list them when they are in the article ..seen in the TOC etc...I cvould quote many protocals but I know you must know them.  have  been here very long editing these articles and was one of those that  organizing the "group" you keep referring to Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 20:02, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I really don't think that using anything by a certain professor is beneficial. https://buffalochronicle.com/2022/01/26/professors-identity-fraud-reveals-systemic-victimization-of-indigenous-people-in-academia/ Indigenous girl (talk) 19:57, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree, he is trying to push a certain political agenda. If he or his supporters are mentioned in the article it should be contextualized for sure. Although (unfortunately in my opinion) his works do meet the standard of reliable sources in Wikipedia as they are printed by academic presses. But there are many contrary reliable academic sources out there too, not least Leroux who you cited in that link, who has published widely on this matter. Dan Carkner (talk) 20:28, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Someone can be published in the academy, but then subsequent scandals can damage, or even totally negate, that credibility and reliability. I think this is one of those cases.
 * We have seen academic scandals result in the revisiting of sourcing on the 'pedia, including academic frauds that managed to get published, who then tried to use those publications as citespam in the 'pedia to perpetrate a WP:HOAX. -  CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 20:37, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with that but I also think some explanation/contextualization in the article may be required given the amount of news attention that type of approach takes up, and the resulting traffic drive to this article by people trying to sort through these matters. Dan Carkner (talk) 20:42, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

Will start an RFC in the next few days. Not understanding why the sources in the article are not regurgitated or the definitions used by the community itself or academics is used. Giving heads up.....so others can find rebuttal sources. Moxy - 20:52, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

I notice a new round of edits with https://www.metisnation.org/ as the source for the addition of new statements. Not taking a position on any of the specific additions but considering the ongoing unresolved disputes about this article and the matter of Ontario I believe third-party sources should be preferred if possible. --Dan Carkner (talk) 21:08, 8 February 2023 (UTC)


 * Yes, new user made a number of edits, some of it to add non-neutral text sourced solely to that site. I've removed the statements about Métis Nation of Ontario that are sourced solely to their own website. -  CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 21:49, 8 February 2023 (UTC)
 * We have very few new indigenous editors because this keeps happening. Gave a welcome and notice for the new guy. Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 01:16, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

Margaret Froh quote not in cited text
The quote you added is not in the cited article. Is this quote somewhere in the embedded video? If so, please use the AV media template and include a timestamp. Copying here:
 * On March 22nd 2022, in response to David Chartrand's comments on MNO suspension, President Margaret Froh stated her position that "The MNO was never suspended, the MNO was on probation and there was a decision by just a few individuals declaring that the MNO was suspended when in fact that wasn't correct and in fact we (MNO) went to court and the court concluded we were not suspended."

- CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 01:57, 9 February 2023 (UTC)


 * More effort needed before removal ...3:16 would be a good stating point for the video or as per the source in the above section. Moxy -Maple Leaf (Pantone).svg 02:12, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

Ward, Dennis (2022-03-22). "Métis National I agree with Moxy 3:16 would work. Council moving forward says MNO president". APTN News. Retrieved 2023-02-09. Section35rightsholder (talk) 02:29, 9 February 2023 (UTC)