Talk:Malaria/Archive 3

Definitive vs. Intermediate Host (needs correction)
In the section Pathology, the Article states: "Since the gametocytes are formed in the blood of the vertebrate host, the vertebrate host is the definitive host of the disease." This is incorrect.

In parasitology, the definitive host is defined as the host where sexual reproduction takes place. Sexual reproduction is defined as the exchange of genetic material (DNA). With respect to the malaria virus, the exchange of genetic material takes place when a male gametocyte fuses with a female gametocyte (to form a zygote). This process takes place in the mosquito gut, after the mosquito has taken up the gametocytes during its blood meal.

I am a bit surprised that this obvious error has persisted for so long in the Article. For this reason, I am a bit reluctant to correct it right away myself, as there could be some opposition to it (but I recommend checking the relevant literature if someone remains skeptical). If nobody else springs to action, I'll add a correction in the near future. Marcolop (talk) 23:01, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Moved here until issues can be adressed
===Malarial Hepatopathy=== Hepatic dysfunction as a result of malaria is rare and is usually a result of a coexisting liver condition such as viral hepatitis and virus. To be clear, the term "malarial hepatitis" is sometimes used to describe liver compromise in severe malaria; however, actual inflammation of the liver parenchyma is rarely seen. While traditionally considered a rare occurrence, malarial hepatopathy has seen an increase in malaria endemic areas, particularly in South East Asia and India. Liver compromise in malaria patients correlates with a greater likelihood of complications and mortality.

In a study following adult patients with malarial hepatopathy, when compared to patients without liver damage, these patients were 3 times as likely to develop renal failure, 10 times more likely to develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and twice more likely to develop septicemia. In addition, the patients with severe liver damage were twice as likely to die from malaria. In another study from Thailand, out of the 390 patients with acute P. falciparum malaria, 124 had jaundice and had more complications in the form of cerebral malaria, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema and shock. It is recommended that laboratory tests such as bilirubin and alanine transaminase levels be taken on malaria patients to assess liver integrity. The more aggressively liver dysfunction is treated in malaria patients, the greater likelihood of recovery. For example, in a study by Kausar et al., a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase in malarial patients indicated a leakage of that enzyme from the membranes of the hepatic drainage system. This is an important biomarker to assess liver integrity, with high levels suggesting liver damage. Kausar study suggests hepatocyte damage may be linked to malarial infection.

One mechanism by which Malaria may adversely affect the liver is through its effect on hepatic blood flow and tissue perfusion. When the P. falciparum parasite matures within red blood cells and causes the formation of sticky knobs on the surface of the erythrocytes. These knobs bind to receptors on endothelial cells in capillaries and venules. This cell adherence and sequestration of red cells within the small vessels leads to obstruction of blood flow. Compounding the problem, infected red cells may stick to uninfected red cells and form rosettes which are formations that may further cause obstruction. If this obstruction of blood flow occurs in hepatic vasculature, ischemia may result causing liver dysfunction. Due to this blockage, the liver’s normal physiology may be compromised and may result in a number of adverse conditions in the liver such as steatosis, focal hepatocyte necrosis, cholestasis, bile stasis, granulomatous lesions, and hepatic encephalopathy.

Severe Malaria and Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF) is severe acute liver failure complicated by encephalopathy. This is a serious condition where the liver cells are injured and die. Subsequently, hepatocytes are replaced by scar tissue instead of normal liver cells; this continues until there are not enough liver cells to carry out normal hepatic physiology. Fulminant Hepatic Failure interferes with liver function, but, moreover, it also has adverse effects on other organ systems.

Fulminant Hepatic Failure and malaria have very similar clinical presentations in adults, such as jaundice and fever. Although FHF and malaria may appear similar, the laboratory results are distinct. There is significantly more hepatomegaly in malaria patients and FHF patients are more likely to have a greater prothrombin count. A normal prothrombin count with signs of hepatomegaly in a malaria endemic area may suggest malaria. It is important for clinicians to make this distinction when coordinating treatment plans because FHF is irreversible and the prognosis for malaria is much better.


 * 1) Please use high quality source per WP:MEDRS
 * 2) Please add PMIDs to the refs
 * 3) You cannot use Ibid here

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:16, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

Wording
"does not yet exist" is more clear than "is yet to be met" IMO  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 13:10, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't object to that change at all, it's just that the sentence in its current form makes no grammatical sense: The challenge of producing a widely available vaccine that provides a high level of protection for a sustained period does not yet exist, although several are under development implies that the challenge itself does not exist (rather than the vaccine, which indeed does not exist), and also renders the part of the sentence after the comma a non sequitur. We could instead simply say Despite a clear need, no vaccine offering a high level of protection currently exists. What do you think? Basa lisk  inspect damage⁄berate 13:15, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * How about Despite a clear need, no vaccine offering a high level of protection currently exists. Efforts are ongoing to develop one.?-- Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 13:20, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah sounds great. I'll put it in. Thanks Basa lisk  inspect damage⁄berate 13:26, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you both for correcting my misreading as well as making the paragraph flow much better. It looks good now. Shadowjams (talk) 23:08, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

global death rate
A new study in The Lancet says that the WHO figures are much too low. Murray et al, Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis, Volume 379, Issue 9814, pp413–431. Needs adding. Zerotalk 23:57, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Malaria on the decline
According to a study by the University of Copenhagen, in countries such as Eritrea, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Kenia and Zambia, there are increasingly less infections and malaria-releated deaths. In Tanzania there has been a reduction with 55-77% between 1998 and 2001, between 2003 and 2009, there has been a 99% reduction. ref= http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/188

There has been no known cause for the reduction, certain is that mosquito nets had nothing to do with it.

Add in article. Perhaps it's also useful to make a map with countries in which malaria is endemic and which also shows the areas where the temperature is high enough to support mosquito's carrying malaria. One of the causes of the decline (and potential resurgence) is climate change and the increase/decrease of areas where the temperature is high enough to support the mosquito's carrying malaria.

91.182.178.152 (talk) 06:21, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * You have a good source for this information so feel free to add it or add it to the article History of Malaria. I might get a chance to look at it in the next week.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  16:00, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Please use secondary sources per WP:MEDRS rather than primary sources such as the one above.-- Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 22:12, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

GA/FA push
I plan to format all of the references in this article to the standard "Diberri" format for medical articles. For those who don't know, an example would be like this:



I would also like to name all the references and make them list-defined, for ease of editing and later maintenance. If there is any objection to these proposed formatting changes, please state so. After the references are cleaned up, I plan to verify each one (i.e. make sure it accurately reflects the source, and check for close-paraphrasing/copyvio), and replace (where necessary), primary sources (like the one above!) with secondary sources per WP:MEDRS recommendations. This will be followed by a GA nomination, a peer review, and, eventually a FA nomination. Any help is welcomed, either along the way, or with critical comments at any one of the review stages. Thanks, Sasata (talk) 19:48, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Wonderful. A push for GA / FA is an excellent idea. We are planning on translating this article into as many other languages as possible with the help of Translators Without Borders after it is GA per . I am not a big fan of list defined refs. Are they compatible across other language versions?
 * BTW hopefully we will be using recent secondary sources rather than primary sources such as you have listed above? If you need help getting evidence BTW drop me a note. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 20:26, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
 * The translation initiative was one of my motivations to tackle this article. Yes, recent secondary sources will be preferred; I'll post a list soon after I do some reading. I can live without list-defined refs I guess, but it makes the editing easier for me, as I always know exactly where the ref is located, and I simply open a second window or tab with the references section if needed. There weren't any complaints at talk:Fungus – but of course I'll defer to the established style if required. Not sure about compatibility with other language versions - good question. Sasata (talk) 20:43, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay if it is compliant with other languages go ahead. I know vcite is not and I had to manually go through all of them. There is this new option which shows you the ref when you put your cursor over it . Just started using it. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 20:59, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I like list-defined refs. I disagree that "Diberri" format is standard or best, but if you use that tool to get your citations then it is handy and I don't object to your change. Doc James, if you have PopUps then you've already got a better ref-tooltip: the one in popups also gives you links to the other places the ref is used, much like the actual footnote does. If you don't have PopUps, then I don't know how you manage. Colin°Talk 22:48, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Where does one find these "popups"? Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 22:51, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * In "My Preferences" -> "Gadgets" -> "Browsing" -> Tick "Navigation Popups" box. Graham Colm (talk) 22:57, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 00:34, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
 * It is not compliant with other languages thus I think we should switch back. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 16:44, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

1/3 of malaria drugs fail chemical analysis in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
See this review. Lots of commentary on the implications in newspapers. Some expert should probably summarize and put into the article. Academica Orientalis (talk) 15:40, 23 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I appended a short paragraph to the "Counterfeit drugs" subsection (although I don't claim to be an expert!) Thanks for your note. Sasata (talk) 16:46, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

Pill that makes person's blood poisonous to mosquitos
Perhaps the pill that makes a person's blood poisonous to humans should be mentioned in the article. It's appearantly made by a team led by Bart Knols. See http://www.tedxmaastricht.nl/2012/04/bart-knols-cheese-and-dogs-and-a-pill-to-kill-mosquitoesand-dogs-and-a-pill-to-kill-mosquitoes/, http://www.bartknols.com/work/index.html

91.182.154.196 (talk) 13:35, 31 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Do you know of any secondary WP:MEDRS that cover the topic? Biosthmors (talk) 19:36, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

Reviews
Doc James (talk · contribs ·email) 03:55, 23 December 2010 (UTC)
 * We are in luck. A new general review on this topic has just been published.  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 15:41, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll read it and update this article soon. Sasata (talk) 16:16, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

This doesn't appear to be used either http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241547925_eng.pdf Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 17:29, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

Reference formatting
The formatting of references we are using in this article is not supported by Wikipedia's in other languages. It is a pain for this project. Thus I propose we switch it back to how it was. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 16:19, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I think we could keep this easier-to-maintain format here, and switch back to the "old style" for other Wikipedias. It's simply a matter of moving the refs back into the article text, about 20 minutes of work. Sasata (talk) 16:34, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The other issue is that this will make updating of the other languages more difficult going forwards. I remember discussing this somewhere but to do remember what the conclusion was before. Ah yes was here with no real conclusion.
 * I disagree that this new format is easier to maintain. And with it being used less commonly than other styles will cause more confusion for new editors. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 16:40, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * So can we can us both formats until discussion has concluded. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 17:19, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

2012 ref

 * Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your talk page please reply on mine) 02:58, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

Wikipedia articles about Malaria
In the future, I think the article Prevention of malaria should be created, where social and historical issues could be discussed in depth. Malaria prophylaxis could probably be merged into that article. Biosthmors (talk) 20:26, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

what if untreated?
For people who have episodes of malaria that are left untreated, what are the consequences? How long can it linger unrecognised in the body, then pop up again? Can the dormant form be detected between bouts? 130.216.73.166 (talk) 21:30, 23 August 2012 (UTC)Jo 24Aug2012
 * 1. This is covered in "Signs and symptoms". 2. Covered in "Recurrent malaria" and "Pathogenesis". 3. Not sure about this; I suspect PCR would work (see "Diagnosis"), but it's not widely used yet. Sasata (talk) 07:24, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

Statements possibly needing better sources
I'm making a list of statements in this article that are not compliant with WP:MEDRS standards, and may need better sources.


 * "For reasons that are poorly understood, but that may be related to high intracranial pressure, children with malaria frequently exhibit abnormal posturing, a sign indicating severe brain damage.[7]"
 * Found a 2011 review that supports this statement. Sasata (talk) 03:37, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "Among these is the development of respiratory distress which occurs in up to 25% of adults and 40% of children with falciparum malaria.[10]"
 * For some reason, this is not indicated as being a review article in Pubmed, but it sure reads like a review to me, so I'm leaving this as is (please let me know if I'm mistaken). Sasata (talk) 01:52, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "P. falciparum accounts for the majority of deaths.[13]"
 * Replaced with review. Sasata (talk) 19:33, 10 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "these are mostly of limited public health importance.[15]" (referring to various less common Plasmodium species from higher apes)
 * I'm going to leave this one as is. is not a research report, it seems to be more like an opinion paper from a leading expert ( evinces his expertise), and I think the statement is not controversial and unlikely to be challenged. Sasata (talk) 03:22, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "In the 2000s (decade), malaria with partial resistance to artemisins emerged in Southeast Asia.[61][62]" (latter ref is primary)
 * Replaced latter citation with a review. Sasata (talk) 03:00, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "… but artesunate has been shown to be superior to quinine in both children[63]…"
 * Now cited to 2012 Cochrane review Sasata (talk) 23:43, 10 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "Malaria is prevalent in tropical regions because of the significant amounts of rainfall, consistent high temperatures and high humidity, along with stagnant waters in which mosquito larvae readily mature, providing them with the environment they need for continuous breeding.[80]"
 * Now cited to a book. Sasata (talk) 04:05, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "For example, several cities in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia are essentially malaria-free, but the disease is present in many rural regions.[83]"
 * Statement amended and now sourced to a 2012 review. Sasata (talk) 04:53, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "This effort led to the publication of a map of P. falciparum endemicity in 2010.[86]"
 * Think this is ok, as it's cited only to verify the existence of this map. Sasata (talk) 03:22, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "As of 2003, 466 proteins have been found to be produced by apicoplasts[133]"
 * Replaced with 2010 review. Sasata (talk) 23:30, 10 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "Immunity (or, more accurately, tolerance) does occur naturally, but only in response to repeated infection with multiple strains of malaria.[136]"
 * Re-sourced to 2012 review (and amended statement). Sasata (talk) 01:04, 11 September 2012 (UTC)


 * "Parasitic Plasmodium species also infect birds, reptiles, monkeys, chimpanzees and rodents.[140]"
 * The section containing this sentence has now been expanded and sourced to two recent reviews. Sasata (talk) 07:02, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

These statements have been flagged as they are cited to non-secondary sources. I haven't included citations from the "History" or "Society and culture" as sourcing requirements should be not quite as rigorous (but please add anything to this list if you disagree). I'll also go through the list and and check for sources that could be updated (MedRS suggests to "Look for reviews published in the last five years or so, preferably in the last two or three years.") Sasata (talk) 17:23, 10 September 2012 (UTC)


 * This is an excellent policy, and you did a good job pulling primary material. I almost fainted when I saw you pull articles from Nature and Lancet for this list. Excuse the sarcasm, but I might as well bang my head against the wall as try to explain to editors that they should not use the original, well-cited Lancet article, but use something that cites it instead and use the information from the secondary source, not the primary. In spite of the policies spelling this out, Wikipedia is rabid with original research and primary sourcea, and this is the most egregious area, medical and health articles. I used to edit human health articles, malaria, TB, influenza, but got too frustated with the primary material and, in the case of microbes, plagiarism from .edu websites.
 * Good job. I am on vacatioan, and I watch this article regularly, maybe I can find time to pull secondary sources soon. Eau (talk) 19:31, 10 September 2012 (UTC)


 * The timing of the review depends upon the informtion you are sourcing. For human medicine these are pretty good guidelines, but for characteristics and descriptions of pathogens older sources, up to 10 years, sometimes more, my be fine. Eau (talk) 19:39, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the note. The article's a work in progress, and I hope to eventually take it to FAC. After the GAN is completed and I incorporate some FAC suggestions of Biosthmors, I'll open a peer review. Perhaps you might be willing to have a closer look and offer some critique? Sasata (talk) 07:02, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

is just added reference from emedicine regarding the fact that pattern of fever is not clinically useful to my entry
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/221134-clinical — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yannako (talk • contribs) 10:03, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

==

Comments
The malaria distribution image is wrong - Taiwan is since 50 years free of malaria - and all referenced sources do describe it correctly (!)(http://rbm.who.int/wmr2005/html/map1.htm) http://www3.chu-rouen.fr/Internet/services/sante_voyages/pathologies/paludisme/monde/asie_oceanie/ 26 November 2012

From "Pathogenesis", paragraph 4: "Some P. vivax sporozoites do not immediately develop into exoerythrocytic-phase merozoites, but instead produce hypnozoites that remain dormant for periods ranging from several months (6–12 months is typical) to as long as three years." However "Cause", subsection "Recurrent malaria", paragraph 2 states: "The longest incubation period reported for a P. vivax infection is 30 years." Axl  ¤  [Talk]  12:56, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I've added a source for this paragraph and adjusted the text so it is not contradictory. Sasata (talk) 15:59, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  16:29, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

From "Pathogenesis", paragraph 1: "Malaria infection develops via two phases: one that involves the liver or hepatic system (exoerythrocytic)." Is isn't clear to me what the "hepatic system" is, nor how this is different to the liver. Axl ¤  [Talk]  12:58, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I suspect this is there to help less knowledgeable readers associate a familiar word (liver) with medical jargon (hepatic system), similar to the second half of the sentence ("and one that involves red blood cells, or erythrocytes (erythrocytic)"). Open to suggestions on how to reword if you think it's written confusingly. Sasata (talk) 16:01, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * How about this: "Malaria infection develops via two phases: one that involves the liver (exoerythrocytic phase), and one that involves red blood cells, or erythrocytes (erythrocytic phase)." Axl  ¤  [Talk]  17:35, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Sure, I guess "hepatic" isn't used a lot later in the article, so there's no real need to include it here. Done. Sasata (talk) 18:27, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

From "Pathogenesis", paragraph 5: "In cerebral malaria the sequestered red blood cells can breach the blood–brain barrier possibly leading to coma." Why is coma specifically called out? It isn't likely to be the earliest feature, nor is it the most serious result. (Death is the most serious outcome.) Axl  ¤  [Talk]  22:13, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I changed this to "The sequestered red blood cells can breach the blood–brain barrier possibly leading to cerebral malaria." Sasata (talk) 21:28, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I have adjusted the syntax. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  22:18, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

From "Pathogenesis", "Genetic resistance", paragraph 1: "Due to the high levels of mortality and morbidity caused by malaria—especially the P. falciparum species—it has placed the greatest selective pressure on the human genome in recent history." Is that really true? Compared to infectious diarrhoea and cystic fibrosis mutations? Axl ¤  [Talk]  22:16, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
 * According to the source (and other sources that corroborate it), yes. Sasata (talk) 21:31, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, I accept that the source says so (although I'm not convinced). Axl  ¤  [Talk]  23:05, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It might be best to weaken (although I suggested strengthening before). Hedrick says, "it is thought to be the strongest evolutionary selective force in recent human history". Biosthmors (talk) 18:13, 10 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Suggestions for weakening? How about "it has placed great selective pressure on the human genome in recent history."?
 * I would be happy with that statement. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  23:10, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

"Pathogenesis", "Genetic resistance", paragraph 2 needs to be fixed. The first paragraph uses "sickle cell disease" while the second describes "sickle cell anemia". These should be standardized for consistency. It is not possible to be "homozygous for the sickle cell trait". It is unclear if "survival" refers to malaria or sickle-cell disease. Axl ¤  [Talk]  22:23, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I think I've fixed these. Sasata (talk) 21:45, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It is still unclear if "survival" and "immunity" refer to sickle-cell disease or malaria. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  23:10, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * This should do it. Sasata (talk) 23:52, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * "Individuals who are homozygous (with two copies of the abnormal hemoglobin beta allele) rarely survive sickle-cell disease." Sickle-cell disease is a congenital disease that lasts lifelong. In what sense can a person "survive sickle-cell disease"? Axl  ¤  [Talk]  00:29, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Changed "rarely survive" to "have". Sasata (talk) 01:52, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  09:33, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Revised somewhat, but someone please check me. LeadSongDog come howl!  20:00, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

From "Pathogenesis", subsection "Malarial hepatopathy": "Hepatitis, which is characterised by inflammation of the liver, is not actually present in what is called malarial hepatitis; the term as used here invokes the reduced liver function associated with severe malaria." How about "The syndrome is sometimes called malarial hepatitis, although inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) does not actually occur." Axl ¤  [Talk]  23:17, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * That's better, changed. Sasata (talk) 23:52, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

In "Pathogenesis", subsection "Malarial hepatopathy", there is no need for the same reference to be cited immediately after every sentence. Axl ¤  [Talk]  21:43, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * That is true, fixed. Sasata (talk) 21:48, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

From "Pathogenesis", subsection "Malarial hepatopathy": "While traditionally considered a rare occurrence, malarial hepatopathy has seen an increase in malaria-endemic areas, particularly in Southeast Asia and India." Is it necessary to state that the increase is "in malaria-endemic areas"? Perhaps delete that phrase? Axl ¤  [Talk]  22:02, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I missed this comment before. I've trimmed as you suggested. Sasata (talk) 19:51, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

In "Signs and symptoms", I am surprised that blackwater fever and cerebral malaria are considered separately from the "Complications" subsection. Axl ¤  [Talk]  23:25, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Fixed here, I think. Please check me.LeadSongDog come howl!  22:19, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Organizations
IMO we need third party sources. Thus removed. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 23:14, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

The distribution of insecticide treated mosquito nets (ITNs) by organisations such as the Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) is recommended by intervention evaluators Giving What We Can and Givewell as one of the most cost-effective means of combating malaria in particular, and improving global health in general. It costs AMF just over $5 per ITN distributed, and they have been shown to prevent deaths caused by malaria at $1,600 per person.

Agreed. Third-party sources for organizational actions should be required (unless you're the WHO or something like that). Otherwise, this article would be covered with stuff. But we're an encyclopedia. Biosthmors (talk) 23:30, 24 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed, absolutely required to have independent reliable secondary sources cover these organizations to establish notability and provide non-promotional factual information about them.   04:05, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

Review on Vivax
We may be underestimating the burden of severe disease from vivax... 10.1128/CMR.00074-12 JFW &#124; T@lk  22:32, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That doi doesn't work for me ... could you give a pmid or link? Sasata (talk) 23:22, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Evidence and Implications of Mortality Associated with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria J. Kevin Baird Clin. Microbiol. Rev. January 2013 26:36-57; doi:10.1128/CMR.00074-12
 * Still getting to the various databases maybe RDBrown (talk) 05:20, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I've changed some information based on this. Very interesting that he quotes this article in his review ... Sasata (talk) 04:30, 23 January 2013 (UTC)

Scientists discover malaria's 'Achilles heel'
This seems notable: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-14/scientists-discover-malaria-achilles-heel/4519684
 * This theory is clearly in its infancy and probably isn't ready for inclusion yet. Do we have access to the study mentioned in that article? Basa lisk  inspect damage⁄berate 17:15, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

- Cablehorn (talk) 17:07, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * This is the cited article, but like Basalisk says, it's too early to be included here. Sasata (talk) 17:29, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Very well - agreed. Let's keep an eye out for updates.--Peulle (talk) 21:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

Comments

 * 1) I am not sure why these two bits are linked "Pregnant women are also especially vulnerable: about 125 million pregnant women are at risk of infection each year" The number of pregnant women at risk is not related to how susceptible they are to infection.
 * 2) Were does it say that the WHO estimate is only based on documented cases? The ref simply states "There were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria (range 154–289 million) and 660 000 deaths (range 610 000–971 000) in 2010" In fact if you look at section 8.4 it states the opposite. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 19:01, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The discrepancy between WHO numbers and those presented by Murray et al. 2012 is discussed in depth in that paper. e.g. "In 2008, we estimate that 24% of child deaths in Africa are due to malaria compared with the 16% reported by Black and colleagues,49 whose methods were used in deriving the World Malaria Report estimates. This discrepancy is attributable to both the larger numbers of malaria deaths in our analysis and the fact that we use child mortality estimates using a systematic analysis that suggests fewer deaths from all causes than did sources used by Black and colleagues.27 Furthermore, previous studies have not taken advantage of the MAP PfPR estimates, included the effect of interventions other than vector control, or developed models with rigorous out-of-sample predictive validity." ... "The important finding of this study is that 433 000 more deaths occurred worldwide in individuals aged 5 years or older in 2010 than was suggested by WHO estimates.2" ... "Outside of Africa, WHO estimates are based on case reports with an assumed case-fatality rate." There's much more, the entire paper should be read for context. Sasata (talk) 19:38, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * None of the above states that WHO estimates are based on "documented cases" only. And it states the opposite in the WHO document itself. The "Outside of Africa" sort of invalidates that bit. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 19:58, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

How about "As of 2010 malaria is believed to cause 660,000 to 1.24 million deaths a year". This ref comes in at 1.17 million  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 20:13, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I think it's important to indicate where the wide variance in reported deaths originates from. I changed it to "The WHO estimates that in 2010 there were 219 million cases of malaria resulting in 660,000 deaths. This is equivalent to roughly 2000 deaths every day. Using a different set of predictive models to estimate mortality, a 2012 study determined the number of documented and undocumented deaths in 2010 to be 1.24 million." How does that sound? Sasata (talk) 20:14, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Euphemism
"claimed the lives of" is a euphemism for deaths and thus I do not think we should be using it. We need to simply state the fact. Thus I disagree with this edit  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 23:33, 24 August 2013 (UTC)
 * The edit made this change, from "That year, between 660,000 and 1.2 million people died from the disease, many of whom were children in Africa" to "That year, the disease claimed the lives of between 660,000 and 1.2 million people, many of whom were children in Africa".  The problem with the original sentence was that the modifier phrase "many of whom were children in Africa" was applied to "disease", making it sound like many of the disease were children.  The edit fixes that but introduces the euphemism.  To fix the grammar problem and avoid the euphemism you'd have to change it to:  "That year, the disease killed between 660,000 and 1.2 million people,  many of whom were children in Africa".   03:29, 25 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Change applied.  03:31, 25 August 2013 (UTC)

Bacterial
Example Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

Request to Remove Semi-Protection from Page
This is unnecessary, against the spirit of Wikipedia and counterproductive to efficient updating on this very broad topic which has a substantial amount of emerging research. Malaria is not some political or celebrity topic where semi-protection may be of use. Kindly undo it.


 * The article is semi-protected because of long term vandalism. See the protection history log here. It apparently is necessary and does not prevent updating by autoconfirmed editors.  Sean.hoyland  - talk 06:27, 4 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Key topic that requires serious scholarship. Easy to register an account. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 12:24, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Reference style
We have all the refs stored at the end of the article rather than within the text. This reference style is not supported in many other languages. As we are going to be translating this article once it is GA can we switch the reference style to one that is supported? Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 08:38, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * It will be easy enough to prepare a sandbox version of the article with the references in the text if that is what is needed. It would be retrogressive to revert to an older style here, especially when the final goal has not yet been attained and there's still much work to do on the article. Sasata (talk) 15:09, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * How is it an "older style"? The page used to be in the other style. It is simply different not older and it is more universally accepted. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 17:26, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, list-defined refs are a newer style, hence the old system is an older style. It is accepted on the English Wikipedia. We can accommodate other language Wikipedias readily enough without having to change anything here. Sasata (talk) 17:49, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * How is that? It is a pain for translation as the references do not work when copied to other languages. So the old format is the better format. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 18:11, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * We should not be basing our formatting decisions for this article on the ease of convenience for future translators, ahead of the convenience of editors who are actually working to improve the article. When the article is ready for translation, I will provide a refs-in-article version sandbox version. Sasata (talk) 18:39, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes I realize that you prefer this still. As we add new languages however we often use a more recent version of the article. Once you are done we should put the refs-in-article going forwards. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 19:17, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I strongly oppose changing ref style just so suit translation to technically inferior wikis. Perhaps the solution, "going forwards" (oh I hate that phrase), is to enquire why other WP haven't adopted list-defined refs yet and persuade someone to get their finger out. Are they on an old MediaWiki version? Given how much work is involved in translation, I wouldn't have thought this matters much on the scale of things. Indeed the "all at the end" style makes it easy to have a text document with all your refs and you can snip them out and place them in-text as you use them in the translated version. Not sure what the big deal is really. Colin°Talk 21:22, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * English has these different referencing styles as we have build a mass of templates to support them. They are complicated. I personally prefer the more basic formatting. More complicated is not necessarily better. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 23:49, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * James, are you absolutely sure other languages don't support list-defined refs. They were added (as an extension to cite.php) in 2009. This is nothing to do with templates (which clearly can vary from wiki to wiki, and that's another reason to avoid them). Colin°Talk 07:36, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

I hear and understand both sides of this, my preferred ref style is definitely to have all the refs define at the end in the reflist refs= parameter, I really hate working on articles when the refs are defined in-line. However the bottom line is that we write articles to make information accessible to readers, and if the refs need to be defined in-line to make the information accessible to a wider audience through translation, I think that takes precedence over my preferred ref style. I really like Sasata's idea of providing an in-line version for the translators when requested, if that would be acceptable, and encourage the target Wikis to upgrade their software. Honestly I thought the reflist ref= parameter was a very fundamental feature, and am surprised to find it isn't implemented everywhere! 02:54, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * First priority is to our English Wikipedia readers. Second priority is to the editors who write and maintain these articles -- so any wiki markup preferences are theirs and theirs alone. Sorry, but I actually find it quite rude to suggest such editors change the wikitext. I know the translation is a worthy effort but, for reasons I gave above, I don't see this as a problem at all (and am sceptical about the claim they don't support something added to MediaWiki in 2009). Colin°Talk 07:36, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Doc James, were you asking at the beginning of this thread for permission to change the referencing style? It's not clear from the diffs whether or not you were expecting Sasata to implement it or if you were proposing to do it yourself. I sympathize with Colin's emphasis on the value of English Wikipedia practices. That said, maybe this thread started with a misunderstanding. Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 08:44, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * This article used to be in the old style. I have made the second most edits to this page and plan to continue working on it. There was not clear consensus to change the article to the new style. I let it go as I assumed that there was consensus to restore it to the old style once Sasata was done. Here is an example of how the refs breaks down in Swahili.
 * I see a fundamental goal of ours to be to "provide high quality, understandable health information to all in the language of their choosing". We should be working on consistency between languages and when it comes to formatting we should keep it simple so more can get involved. I was discussing me making the switch back to the old style. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 12:25, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * James I had a look at the Swahili article. I see that we do need one template: Reflist. Looking at the version on the Swahili wiki compared to the English wiki, the former is much more basic. I suspect nobody has bothered to upgrade it to the new template that supports list-defined refs. Do you know someone on that wiki who could fix it? The new template code isn't complex or long, so it shouldn't require a genius to do it. It might be as simply as copy/paste. When there's a technical flaw we should fix the flaw, not expect people to rework article text and produce something inferior. Colin°Talk 20:50, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * , would it be unreasonable to think you could point someone here to perhaps help? I just jumped on IRC for tech and some mediawiki thing I was referred to. But no help after 15 min or so. Thanks. Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 21:22, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Nevermind! Fixed! Thanks to Colin. =) Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 09:47, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

I have "fixed" the references on. I copied the en Reflist template as Reflist2 and used that instead. I didn't want to edit the actual Reflist template on that wiki, because it will be very widely used and if I broke anything I wouldn't understand the swear words used against me. The best solution would be to update their Reflist with their approval. In the mean time, Reflist2 does the job. There are other issues there with doi and PMID templates/magic but I assume you know about them. So this "problem" is easily solvable, as I suspected. -- Colin°Talk 07:40, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Awesome. So I assume this means there's no reason to try to reach a consensus on moving away from the reference style then. Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 09:55, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes we need a universally supported reference style across all Wikipedias. Harvnb is not supported in some languages, neither is the "{{Reflist|refs=" per in Guarani.  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 22:24, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 23 September 2013
Hi there, just wondering if you could add a link to malariapp in the external links section of this wiki page. It's an app that displays tweets from around the globe and we plan to use this to help show global support for the fight against malaria.

Thanks!

109.204.112.148 (talk) 09:16, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Could you say something about why you feel that your website supports an encyclopedic presentation of malaria? Consider checking the external link guideline when you reply.  Blue Rasberry    (talk)   13:30, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

Length
We're currently at 80kB of prose, which is perhaps punishing to readers to swallow per WP:Length. The biggest opportunity I saw for shortening things was in the history section. There is a parent article. Can we go WP:SS and perhaps reduce the word count there by half or 2/3rds or so? Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 00:36, 10 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree, and plan to trim this section before FAC. I think the entire suite of daughter articles (i.e., everything in Template:Malaria) should ultimately be organized and integrated as a functional whole. Sasata (talk) 05:17, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

When will this article be translated?
Doc James, when will this article be translated? I met someone this weekend who knows a lot about malaria. I told them their suggestions for improvement might end up affecting many versions of this article. As far as I know this is still true because I don't see malaria mentioned here. Could you please advise? Thanks. Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 09:44, 11 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I have not had time to review and simplify it yet. Will be a while. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:41, 11 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Biosthmors (talk) pls notify me (i.e. ) while signing a reply, thx 09:56, 12 November 2013 (UTC)

Close paraphrasing?
I am helping review contributions by an editor who has some copyright issues. He made one short contribution here that survives in the present version of the article. The source is here. He did not copy it verbatim, but you may want to review the abstract to ensure that it's not too closely paraphrased here. Thanks. Maralia (talk) 15:43, 13 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks Maralia, I've reworded that sentence to further distance it from the source. Sasata (talk) 16:28, 13 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I knew I could trust you would get to this quickly! I have been following the article's improvement, but only from afar, so I can review it with fresh eyes when it shows up at FAC. Maralia (talk) 16:32, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

Plase check/review paragraph
(added news, need also review at Diagnosis_of_malaria)

In December 2013 a new diagnosis method was promoted as the faster, precise and inexpensive detection technology. For a patient is like a optical fingerprint detector, and can be operated by nonmedical personal, but internally it detects the iron crystal byproduct of parasitized hemoglobin (hemozoin). , . --Krauss (talk) 00:53, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Move to research section as 1) there does not appear to be evidence in humans 2) it is not being done yet as far as I can tell. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:29, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * No, was tested with humans and lab rats, and was demonstred that can “detect just a few infected cells in a million normal cells” . The "evidence in humans" is the Hemozoin (!!). --Krauss (talk) 02:17, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * My reading of "Lopotko said the light beam used by this rapid, non-invasive technology is less powerful than the familiar laser pointer and has been shown to be safe in volunteers. The next step is clinical trials at a hospital in Houston that cares for patients infected with malaria, followed shortly thereafter by global clinical trials in 2014." Is that safety testing has been done in humans. But not humans with Malaria. That is coming soon. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 02:20, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks explanation, I and readers must agree. Well, returning to the starting point: you decide to not show this information at article. I think we must say something, the malaria's article show a lot of "less relevant" information, and this is a very good news (!): in theory a massive detection will be possible, and, as effect of the contamination/diffusion cycle, is expected also a "massive reduction" when (detected) contaminated people receives treatment and not exposed to vectors. Is not only a "technology for airports" (!), is a hope for Africa in near future (ex. 2 or 3 years for industry-scale adaptations) ... New text-proposal:

In December 2013 a new diagnosis method was promoted as a 2014's faster, precise and inexpensive malaria-detection technology. Was tested with lab rats and volunteers, the next step is clinical trials. For a patient is like a optical fingerprint detector, and can be operated by nonmedical personal. Internally, the device detects the iron crystal byproduct of parasitized hemoglobin (hemozoin). ,, exciting the crystals with the energy of pulsed-laser ligth, to the point of exploding, and (synchronically) detecting the "nano-explosions" by its characteristical sound (just a few infected cells in a million normal cells). These little "explosions of hemozoin" are healthy, not need clinical trial, is also (when using more energy) a knowed terapeutic method.

English and Medicine are not "my language", you can rewrite to something simpler and better, to add a paragraph in the article. --Krauss (talk) 23:44, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I did not delete it but moved it here to the section on research. Agree it is a very exciting area of research and I hope it pans out. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:22, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

P. ovale is now a species complex (2 species)
P. ovale is now at least a species complex, or possible superspecies: P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. So we have not five, but six infectious species of Plasmodia. There are also at least 5 more species that are known to be capable of infecting humans, but natural transmission of them has not been recorded.Sbalfour (talk) 23:53, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Prevention
Shouldn't we mention smoke baths too ? KVDP (talk) 07:21, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Do we have a high quality ref that does so. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 11:02, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

Current new News
Headline-1: The No. 1 Killer on This ‘Deadliest Animals’ Infographic Might Surprise You QUOTE: "More than 700,000 people — that’s how many lives are taken each year thanks to a bite from small and seemingly innocuous animal.Bill Gates released this powerful infographic on his blog late last week to highlight a campaign against the deadly and debilitating diseases that are carried by mosquitoes. “Personally I’ve had a thing about sharks since the first time I saw ‘Jaws,’” Gates wrote on his blog. “But if you’re judging by how many people are killed by an animal every year, then the answer isn’t any of the above. It’s mosquitoes.” Gates pointed out that malaria, which is a parasite spread by the mosquito, kills more than 600,000 people per year, but it also is debilitating for an additional 200 million. And that’s just one of many mosquito-borne illnesses." [Bill Gates brings attention to malaria.] -- AstroU (talk) 12:14, 30 April 2014 (UTC) -- PS: FYI for future editing.
 * http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2014/04/29/the-no-1-killer-on-this-deadliest-animals-infographic-might-surprise-you/
 * Here's the Bill Gates 'blog' url: AstroU (talk) 12:19, 30 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes other humans and mosquitoes vying for number one. Not really surprising for those in medicine. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 15:42, 30 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Bill Gates and his wife want to help others and cement their 'legacy'in their old age. As you probably know, others like Buffett(sp) are doing the same. Charles Edwin Shipp (talk) 21:19, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Doctor James; I looked on my talk page and then your talk page which is certainly impressive, to say the least. If you have lost count of your impressive Wikipedia editing, there are 26 commendations at the top of your TALK page. I liked your 'dragon' icon award. Congratulations on going over 100,000 edits .!. AstroU (talk) 21:35, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * We each do our little bit to battle disease. Thanks AstroU Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 21:37, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 August 2014
In first paragraph, "latter" should be "later."
 * Thank you or spotting this. I missed it earlier when I was reading the latest edits. Graham Colm (talk) 23:30, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

97.78.192.142 (talk) 23:26, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 September 2014
Link PfSPZ vaccine.

Yeniczek (talk) 22:00, 10 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Should be dealt with on the article on malaria vaccine thus does not need linking Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:59, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

More about sickle-cell disease
There should be more added about how sickle-cell disease is lowering the mortality due to malaria. People heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene can still get malaria, but they are far less serious than someone who is not a carrier of the sickle-cell trait. For instance, the article cited shows a study of children who were between 2-16 months old, had a significantly low mortality rate if they carried the sickle-cell gene. Wulf.174 (talk) 00:23, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Refs
As we are translating the lead of this article into other languages it is useful if we could leave the full refs in the lead rather than moving them all to the end of the article. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 23:50, 5 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This is unnecessary, all the refs are in alphabetical order in a section at the end. Sasata (talk) 00:07, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * You have reverted User:Boghog as he has changed the referencing formatting and now I have reverted you for changing it aswell. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:08, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * This is unnecessary, all the refs are in alphabetical order in a section at the end. Your reversion undid all of my intervening work. When you are ready to supply a translated version, you can also add the refs easily in the version you give to your translator, there's no need to bloat this article with duplicated refs for that purpose. You are incorrect about me reverting Boghog's edit; I have removed the deprecated cite doi template already and replaced it (which you might have noticed by perusing the edit history). Sasata (talk) 00:07, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * You are over 3 reverts. Was just keeping the ones in the lead as a compromise. You have not edited here in months and now are trying to impose your prefered ref style.
 * Back in April 2012 all the refs were within the text . There was no consensus to move them all to the end. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:20, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * If you would like to impose your preferred citation style, please establish a consensus for it. I am a main editor of this article, and prefer the list-defined refs. If you can establish a consensus for changing the reference formatting, I'll be happy to oblige. Sasata (talk) 00:34, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * There was no consensus to move to your style. Here was the last discussion which you appear to have backed out of.  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 00:47, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, if you really want to look at citation formatting long before the article became a GA, there were no refs in the lead, so by your argument we shouldn't have refs in the lead either (no consensus has been established to do this). Also, this style was discussed here ; of three editors that cared enough to comment (you, me, Colin), two out of the three liked the list-defined refs.Sasata (talk) 00:55, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

The Use of Methoprene to Combat Malaria
Because the development of resistance to DDT and other insecticides is a major issue, principles of Darwinian medicine can be applied in order to combat malaria by controlling mosquito populations. Darwinian medicine involves the application of evolutionary principles as means of understanding and combating diseases and promoting health. Recent studies have shown promise in some cutting-edge methods of controlling mosquito populations while also curtailing the evolution of resistance. One recent study involves hormone manipulation to manage mosquito populations by interfering with the insects’ fundamental physiology. Methoprene, a Juvenile Hormone analog, disrupts mosquito metamorphosis. As a result, these mosquitos never reach adult form and eventually die in the larval stage. Studies have suggested that methoprene can be used to control mosquito populations by disrupting the intrinsic physiology and can thus lead to a reduction in the transmission of malaria.
 * This is not sourced to a WP:MEDRS-compliant source (recent reviews are preferred), and is therefore not a suitable addition. Sasata (talk) 19:32, 16 November 2014 (UTC)


 * I have found a more recent source that supports this information and believe that this information is important for the article. --Murtha.22 (talk) 23:12, 5 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Any secondary source say it is useful for preventing malaria? Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 23:47, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

CRISPR
This link has been removed: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/17/science/a-call-to-fight-malaria-one-mosquito-at-a-time-by-altering-dna.html?_r=0 CRISPR] either reinstate or place on a more suitable subarticle
 * Why? We should use medical sources not the NYTs. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 13:34, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

Fluid management
... in severe malaria 10.1186/s13054-014-0642-6 JFW &#124; T@lk  00:41, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

Just out of curiosity
It seems that this article has been un-editable for over a year? Doesn't that seem a bit excessive? And in the "history" section, there is no mention of the fact that malaria was largely eradicated during the 1960s, but then came roaring back after the suppression of DDT use. That would seem to be a rather crucial piece of information about the disease. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr Bee Pod (talk • contribs) 16:34, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

News of drug-resistant malaria near the Indian border. I think it should be incorporated in the article for future reference.
India is a large, populous country. The spread of drug resistant malaria to that country could prove to be a turning point in the history of the endemic in that region of the world. A recent BBC article published on 20 February 2015 talks about the issue. I think a little statement at least should be added to the Treatement:Resistance section referencing this development. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Logos-Aletheia (talk • contribs) 10:43, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Drug resistant malaria is of concern all over. Here is the actual article it is based on
 * The specific concern is that it is artemisinin resistant.
 * We have a nice review here that is a better source.  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 17:40, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 March 2015
Please change "$12 billion USD every year" to "US$12 billion every year" or something similar. Read aloud, the text right now would be "twelve billion dollars US dollars every year" when it should just be "twelve billion US dollars" actually.

65.210.65.16 (talk) 13:59, 18 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Done Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 16:36, 18 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Done. Sasata (talk) 18:16, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Malaria Pathophysiology
Malaria parasite does not cross the blood brain barrier as described. Cerebral malaria is caused by occlusion of brain microvasculature reducing blood flow, resulting in coma, epilepsy, other neurological symptoms. The citation is correct but the text is wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.76.8.7 (talk) 14:48, 2 May 2015 (UTC)