Talk:Music therapy/Archive 1

Other countries
any info on other countries? Can anything be said in general about music therapy in the world today? -- Tarquin 23:17 Apr 27, 2003 (UTC)


 * Voices is an online international journal where you can read articles have mediated and unmediated discussions about music therapy. There are many notable music therapists outside of the U.S..  Aldridge around Europe, Benzon from spain, and Nordoff-Robbins institute in London.  I have met other music therapists from Australia, Argentina, China, Japan, Korea, and the Middle east.  Interestingly enough there are quite a few famous people such as Dr. Oliver Sacks, M.D. that have been a recipients of music therapy and have written about it.  Dr. Sacks who wrote the book Awakenings, recieved music therapy to learn how to walk after an accident.  Later he testified before congress.  When you watch the movie Shine, you will see the main character look into the window of a music therapy room in an Australian Mental Hospital.  Medical professionals are still amazed at its results and have a hard time explaining its success even after trying other treatments. --Jim Merrell, April 24, 2005


 * I'd like to agree with Tarquin. This is very Amero-centric.  There are active music therapy communities across Europe, all the English-speaking world, South America and even Iran.  It would also be worth making the links between Music therapy and traditional disciplines which combined music and healing.  Admittedly these are very different things, but this could be made clear, as for example, June Tillman-Boyce has done in Music and Healing: The Wounds that Sing (Jessica Kingsley publishers)


 * Suggestion:
 * Paragraphs 5-8 should form a distinct section, Music Therapy in the United States, to be followed initially by a section, Music Therapy Outside the U.S., to be expanded by people in various countries into more sections. If I get time I'll do the U.K. one myself, but don't hold your breath (music therapy encourages you to breathe naturally)


 * --Gwaka Lumpa, December 15th, 2005

I created a separate page entitled 'Music Therapy in Canada'. I put a link to it in the 'See Also' section for the time being... but that section was recently deleted. I was concerned about the Music Therapy page being too cluttered, once music therapy in individual countries is included. I think it would be better to have an overall section outlining the development of music therapy (much of it occurring in U.S. and Britain), and then have the rest (specific to various countries) on a separate page. But that will take some work. -- Geoff, May 2009 —Preceding unsigned comment added by GeoffreyCH (talk • contribs) 03:49, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

Established?
Until I read this article, I feel I had a preconception that music therapy wasn't an established medical field, putting it an "iffy" category. Is this a common misconception? If so, maybe it should be addressed.--Josh Holbrook, March 21 2005
 * In the 1970s, Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital (see the Google hits for
 * about 54,000 for "Larue D. Carter " OR "Larue Carter "
 * ) was the most advanced mental hospital in Indiana (and may still well be). It had music therapy, recreational therapy, and occupational therapy departments, which all gave me the impression of having a status and theoretical basis closely related to that of milieu therapy (which was however less compartmentalized, being implemented ward by ward and patient by patient).
 * Hmm, no WP article, but re its mainstream legitimacy, also note
 * about 65,000 for "milieu therapy"
 * and answers.com's extract from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms:
 * milieu therapy
 * (psychology) The treatment of mental disorder or maladjustment by making substantial changes in a patient's immediate life circumstances and environment in a way that will enhance the effectiveness of other forms of therapy. Also known as situation therapy.
 * and the fact that The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary, cited on the same answers.com page, includes a (briefer) def'n. --Jerzy•t 15:33, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Commonish, yes. I often run into people who think that I prescribe CDs to people as a music therapist, and those people are of course skeptical that I'm doing anything scientifically valid (since that, well, wouldn't be). But it's certainly established despite some people even in related fields knowing very little about it. I've been billing insurance for my services for 10 years with no problems from the healthcare system in terms of justifying what I'm doing. Triangular (talk) 00:47, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Merging the two pages
The two pages should not be merged, though one might link to another, they are not the same thing. Pretty good page on music therapy though.

no way the two are very diffrent doc steven bowes


 * I agree with Steven. Music therapy, at least as practiced in the UK, is very different from what is being described here. Gwaka Lumpa 10:43, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

I am a graduate student focusing on Sound Healing in my studies. I agree that Sound Healing needs its own page and should not just link to the Music Therapy page. They are related but separate. How do we go about creating a new page? I would be happy to provide content based on academic papers I have written. Reginagelfo (talk) 05:03, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi Reginagelfo, and welcome to Wikipedia! In Starting_an_article you can read how to start an article. Right now Sound healing redirects to Music therapy. This: is the link to the redirect. If you remove the redirect you can start writing the article there. However, be aware that Wikipedia articles should be based on reliable, published WP:secondary sources (for instance, journal reviews and professional or advanced academic textbooks) and, to a lesser extent, on WP:tertiary sources (such as undergraduate textbooks). Also, other editors might question the WP:notability of the article. But apart from this: be bold and give it a go!   Lova Falk     talk   09:33, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

List of music therapists needed
How about having a list of music therapists, such as Steven Halpern or Jill Purce, to append this page? Jill Purce is the wife of Rupert Sheldrake, and has made some important contributions to this field which arguably merit her having her own article. ACEO 10:55, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I Undo'd the addn of two apparently unsupportable claims of someone being "important" to the field. One of them may be notable as a musician, in contrast to his GTest (emphasis & lk added by Jerzy)
 * 42 for "John Beltzer" therapy
 * but it's abusive (besides probably just plain false) to throw him on this list without offering any evidence. --Jerzy•t 14:59, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Mary Priestley, creator of Analytical Music Therapy, which is taught in universities all over the world. Who's ground breaking books on the subject are also now entered into the universities as 'text books'. should not be omitted from any thing to do with Music Therapy. The Analytical Music Therapy method is as well recognized and used as the Nordoff-Robbins school of Music Therapy.Harpfire (talk) 23:37, 28 January 2009 (UTC) I added a page on Mary Priestley using readily available information from the internet. You are welcome to expand on it. I know her name is well known in music therapy circles, and she has been a major influence on the profession. I am not sure about some of the other names on that list, that don't link to anything. I think some people want to promote a name, but don't back it up. I am thinking of deleting unlinked names. What do others think? GeoffreyCH (talk) 16:20, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Oliver Sacks? I don't think he should be listed as a music therapist, as he does not hold any MT credentials in any country as far as I know. He is generally respected by the field though, and his work is scientifically sound, so I think it's worth having him included as, hm, maybe someone who has contributed research to the field? Or someone affiliated with the field? Triangular (talk) 19:05, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

Linkspam
I deleted most of the external links on this page because Wikipedia is neither a repository of links nor a directory. Links designed to call attention to a provider of music therapy are not appropriate even if the page also contains information about music therapy.--FreeKresge 04:14, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

RE:Linkspam - (April 9, 2008) I am going to clean up the links again as they have become filled with commercial links that add nothing to the page. Including links to foreign language sites that add nothing to the page or reader other then but promoting products. (April 9, 2008) Glorifiedmonkey13 (talk) 04:46, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Research Section
I also think the reference to Michael J. Crawford's research on schizophrenia is out of place in the 'Music Therapy in UK' section. It says "once again found"... when was the first time? There should be a section on research, if anyone want to put it together. Also this link seems to be mainly promoting one research

As a board-certified music therapist in the U.S., I would like to be of help in providing information about music therapy research. I am a guest editor on the website, Musical Inspirations, that offers informative articles about music and healing. I think perhaps a link to that website will be useful to readers. For example, see: http://musicalinspirations.com/data/html/music-therapy/34.cgi Please let me know how to be of help with this discussion. ````

Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix contributed to music therapy? I did not know that. What did he do for music therapy? --Geekboy6 (talk) 03:08, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Tone it down
Please, The USA section reads like an advert or a company brochure. I don't think people reading this want to be "sold" any ideas. Let's try to keep things informative and unbiased. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Keithbeckett (talk • contribs) 12:47, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Music therapy in the US
I'm just a passerby, but the section "Music therapy in the US" reads really terribly. It comes off as a something one would read on the back of a pamphlet advertising a music therapist. Though it seems Mr. Toll's intentions were good, the wikiworld, as anyone reading this would know, is not for advertising. Anyone want to amend this without a full scale deletion? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.239.68.190 (talk) 16:10, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

Giving Wikipedia a bad name
The opening paragraph is junk. 2 waffly descriptions, both of which start quotes which never end. How about a tight, scientific definition of music therapy to begin with, like the ones which Kenneth Bruscia has provided us with? It's embarrassing!! 194.74.156.162 (talk) 09:53, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
 * agreed! 207.158.35.55 (talk) 01:06, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Always nice to see an endorsement of a change that was made more than two years ago.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 01:33, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

This is still a problem. The dual opening paragraph felt less like and encyclopedia and more like a brochure. Was hoping to get some information on the topic, but didn't feel I could trust the article after reading the opening paragraph. FelixFoxhart (talk) 23:52, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

Neuromusicology
I'm working on a new article and want to invite anyone knowledgeable about the field to add to it.

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Schyler/Neuromusicology"

schyler (talk) 16:25, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Sound healing redirect
I recently created a redirect to related topic Sound healing with possibilities for its own article. Please consider adding a section on Music therapy named: Sound healing. If the subject is distinct enough, you may want to create the article and at least link to it here in the "See also" section. All is One (talk) 19:04, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

history
this source has a  short section on the history of music therapy also this one would be better but no preview  J8079s (talk) 20:14, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Copy edited
.......done. --Bddmagic (talk) 14:19, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

Notable practitioners and authors
I moved this list out of the main article. First of all, what is the point with a list of "notable practitioners"??? If they have contributed notably to the development of music therapy, their contributions can be described in the article - with a good source. Second, what is the point with a list of "notable authors"??? Their books can either get a short description in the article, or be mentioned in a Further reading section. Lova Falk    talk   11:12, 23 December 2012 (UTC)


 * Al-Farabi
 * Juliette Alvin
 * Helen Bonny
 * John Carmichael
 * E. Thayer Gaston
 * Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins of Nordoff-Robbins
 * Mary Priestley
 * Concetta M. Tomaino
 * Alfred A. Tomatis

Definition of music therapy
In the first sentence of the article, I added "defined as" after "Music therapy is" since the sentence clearly sounds like a definition. However, I just wonder about two things: 1) I don't understand the use of the word "final".  I've never heard the word "final" used in a definition, and why is it final? 2) This may be taken from the publication of the Association (see reference in numbered note at end of sentence), but, even so, it should be well-written. "A credentialed professional" and "who has completed an approved music therapy program" are redundant. The professional is credentialed because he or she has completed the approved program. Both "credentialed" and "who has completed an approved music therapy program" are not necessary. That is, unless "credentialed" means something else. But, if that's the way it was written in the association's publication, I guess it has to be left as it is. The first sentence just sounds like a dry definition constructed by a committee rather than an engaging description that anyone can understand.CorinneSD (talk) 15:30, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

First paragraph
I've been editing the first paragraph in an effort to improve the flow the of the sentences and increase clarity and conciseness. However, I still think the paragraph is a bit wordy. I'm not going to remove anything, but I have one question. In the second sentence, what is the antecedent for "its" in "its facets"? That is, to what does this possessive adjective refer? There is more than one singular noun before it.

Also, if "credentialed" and "who has completed an approved program" are in the first sentence, is "certified" really necessary in the 2nd sentence? Or perhaps that dry definition in the first sentence is not really necessary.CorinneSD (talk) 16:13, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Forms
In the third paragraph in this section, a researcher named Dr. Thaut is mentioned. Couldn't, or shouldn't, his or her first name be mentioned also?CorinneSD (talk) 16:42, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Music therapy for children
The seventh sentence is poorly written. If it is a direct quote, I suppose it has to be left as it is, but if it is a paraphrase, it can be modified.CorinneSD (talk) 16:55, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

United States
In the fifth sentence of the second paragraph in this section, I already reduced the number of words and reduced the use of the word "practice" or "practices" from three to two. Can anybody suggest a way to reduce it to one?CorinneSD (talk) 21:42, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

United Kingdom
The last sentence of the second paragraph does not seem related to the other sentences in the paragraph. I don't see the connection. If there is a connection, it needs to be stated, perhaps in some kind of transitional phrase at the beginning of the last sentence. If there is no connection, then the sentence should either be moved to another place or deleted. Any ideas are appreciated.CorinneSD (talk) 22:21, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

Africa
I did a little editing in this paragraph. There is still more to do. I have a question about the last sentence. Isn't "recounting stories" a kind of entertainment? Also, music is certainly used in the West to "celebrate life events". Isn't this a faulty argument? Any ideas?CorinneSD (talk) 22:29, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

This section is not good. "Research suggests..." - what research? Female circumcision is now normally referred to as genital mutilation, and this language ought to be used here as circumcision, in the case of girls, is a euphemism. 92.25.163.245 (talk) 22:13, 4 September 2013 (UTC)


 * I agree. Why don't you work on it?  Make some edits, and add "citation needed" where necessary (see Wikepedia Manual of Style or "Edit Help" for how to do that -- I don't). CorinneSD (talk) 01:03, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

Music therapy for children
I am writing about a recent edit to the first sentence in this section by an editor without a Talk page. It was edited to:


 * Music therapy for children is usually conducted in a one-on-one session or in a group session. [italics mine]

The problem with this sentence is that, the way it is worded, it suggests that there are other ways to conduct music therapy for children besides in a one-on-one session or in a group session. My question is: Are there other ways? If all music therapy for children is conducted in either a one-on-one session or in a group session, then this sentence is worded incorrectly. The original wording would be more correct: "There are two approaches to conducting music therapy with children:  either in a one-on-one session or in a group session." Would someone who knows about this topic weigh in?CorinneSD (talk) 15:04, 29 August 2013 (UTC)
 * No one responded. I deleted "usually", which did not make sense.  Now, it is a simple and clear sentence:


 * "Music therapy for children is conducted either in a one-on-one session or in a group session." – CorinneSD (talk) 22:25, 3 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Good job CorinneSD!  Lova Falk     talk   11:15, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I will very quickly add that sometimes, music therapy is conducted with only a child and a parent, as with the APC (Assessment of Parenting Competencies). I think the current phrasing is probably fine, though I'm considering editing in info on the APC later on in which case I would change that phrasing. Generally speaking, I think people understand that absolutes aren't always, well, absolute, so this new phrasing is fine, but there's one counterexample that might have been why the original writer left it so vague. Exit Pursued by Bear (talk) 18:15, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

Another concern about the section on children: the article cited for the sentence "The music is at times chosen by the client, or by the music therapist based on the clients [sic; currently fixing] reciprocation to the music" is not, in fact, about children. From the article: "participants ranged in age from 19 to 59, with an average age of 30 years." I will probably move this sentence before I'm through with this edit I'm currently working on, but wanted to at least explain my reasoning here. It might be general enough to go under an earlier, more basic category? Exit Pursued by Bear (talk) 18:15, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Making that edit now - moving the sentence to the section on schizophrenia, which is what the article in question is about. If anyone has any objections, let me know. Exit Pursued by Bear (talk) 18:18, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

Music Therapy in Lebanon
Someone clearly does know something about Lebanon's role in the world of music therapy, and I want to lobby to keep that section as long as we can. However, I really want to find some sources. That snippet is all we have representing an entire country and so I want to hold onto it, but yeah, sources would both provide some legitimacy and give us more to work with.

I red-linked "the triple method," because I have no idea what it is. I can't find any references to a "triple method" except in studies concerning HPV, but that's just a quick google search. Feel free to remove the red-link - I'm not sure it's notable enough to request an article of its own, but I think that my rationale at the time was that that was a convenient shorthand for "we need more information here." Exit Pursued by Bear (talk) 23:44, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

Alternative Medicine?
I'll leave this as my last edit to this talk page for the day, I apologize for so much at once. Is music therapy still classifiable as alternative medicine? It's built up a very sound body of scientific literature, while alternative medicine is "any practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine, but does not originate from evidence gathered using the scientific method, is not part of biomedicine, or is contradicted by scientific evidence or established science." The music therapy research community puts a lot of emphasis on the scientific method, and I haven't seen any significant studies disproving music therapy's legitimacy as an effective treatment to a variety of conditions, though I admit I don't know about the point about biomedicine. Exit Pursued by Bear (talk) 00:36, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 00:39, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Evaluation of article by a student
I agree that the opening section is too long, and could be shortened. Some of the information stated there is not necessary for the introduction and could be added to sections lower on the page. In addition, while there is a lot of research cited to back up the information in this article about the benefits of music therapy, it still feels somewhat biased (particularly the last paragraph in the introductory section, which makes very broad claims) and does not address alternate viewpoints.Jdavid06 (talk) 02:08, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

The introduction is very lengthy. Instead of giving a broad overview of the topic it explains things that could be in some of the subheadings. The article remains neutral in the information that is provided. Some things that could be added or different medical disorders or issues that music therapy is used to help with. In the program section of the article, there should be other places that use music therapy listed other than the military. BriTheOne (talk) 19:34, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

Articles's sources and tone
I like how your sources come from multiple fundraisers, charities, and studies for how and when Music Therapy works. I also like the neutral tone and how descriptive the article is. As a person Majoring in Music Therapy, I found this article to be very interesting.

Kmr104 (talk) 18:20, 12 February 2019 (UTC)Kmr104

Edit Summary I have added content on the medical benefits of music therapy. By expanding on these topics in the Medical Disorders tab, readers can develop a better understanding of the practical and tangible effects of music therapy as a medicinal practice. These additions to the Wikipedia article will add to the comprehensiveness of the text and bring an overall more complete perspective of the medicinal impacts of music therapy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Graceselner (talk • contribs) 13:48, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

Peer Review for Grace Selner

Yes, the new information that Grace has provided to add to the article does have citations that can be referenced back to a reliable source. She has pulled information from sources that are associated with the American Music Therapy Association, so her edits contain accurate information. No, there is not any language that is non-neutral or subjective. All of the information is presented in an unbiased way. There are no personal opinions that are shown within Grace’s edits. She used facts and statistics from reliable sources, so her information is verifiable. No, there is no language that contains unsourced opinions or value statements. All of the language in Grace’s edits are neutral. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Leenasears (talk • contribs) 15:21, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

Music Therapy Additions!
Hey fellow Wikipedians,

I am starting this thread to give a brief overview of an addition I made to the music therapy article. As I was going through the page, I discovered under the regions/countries associated with different forms of music therapy there was minuscule information over the continent of Africa. I did a bit of digging and found a plethora of history and examples from Nigeria. Cool right? I instantly wanted to add this insightful information to the page and after a few hundred words and a couple of edits I had a done it. In conclusion, the section I added covers the history, practices, and different applications Nigeria has for music therapy. My work elaborates more on the health applications of the therapy as well as gives a brief summary of a spiritual dance routine done by those recently cured! I hope my work is useful to the wikireaders of the world. Thanks --Cmatt22 (talk) 04:02, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Peer review: All of Chase's edits led back to a reliable source that he documented. As stated in his report, he used a PDF for all of his information. However, this source would not let me open it. All of the wordage that was used was unbiased, which is a good thing. Nothing in his edit should be removed because of the fact that it was all reliable and relevant, but I would find another source that covers what was talked about so he can link it and have people check up on the reliability.

Hello!

I have also made additions to this Wikipedia page. I wanted to further elaborate on the effect that music therapy can help autistic patients. I stumbled upon a scientific journal where research was done and conducted; it read that the result from the research showed positive effects that music could have patients. In my section I summarized the results of the article and the potential effects that music can have in helping people with autism. I wanted to make this known to as many people as possible in order to get the word out that music can help, so I chose this public platform in the hope that many people read it! Music has amazing properties that can be used for more than just blasting out of headphones for background noise, it can help shape and better lives!

--Lydiason1468 (talk) 03:03, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Music Therapy on Dementia
This section written by Emilie Dietz was very informative and well researched. The source was a scientific journal that tested the effects of music therapy on people affected by dementia. The language was professional and informative, and the grammar was also correct. Overall the section that was contributed to the Music Therapy [age was full of information that would be helpful for a reader looking to learn.

(peer edited by Lydia Son) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lydiason1468 (talk • contribs) 02:49, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Music Therapy Programs
The brief description of the general purpose of music therapy programs will bring a wider interpretation of their impactful effects on the U.S Air Force, U.S Marine Corps, Military, and the American Navy.By elaborating on the information provided on the “Program” tab in the Wikipedia article, readers’ will better understand that all patients suffering post-traumatic stress or brain injuries are eligible for music therapy services and their rehabilitative tools. The additional pieces of information will reveal the comprehensiveness of the content and bring a complete perspective on the subtopic of music therapy programs. By adding an example of an active duty airman undergoing stress management, the readers can clearly visualize that the use of songwriting helps address issues associated with his symptoms. It is important to outline the benefits service members receive when they attend sessions with a certified music therapist because it gives readers a large array of information to examine in the “Program” tab. Music therapy programs help support a wide range of service members and their families in wellness and recovery. Music Therapy programs play an integral part in the treatment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gabrielle.vangruber (talk • contribs) 18:13, March 28, 2019 (UTC)

Music Therapy among adolescents
The purpose of my addition(s) to the article was to emphasize the positive correlation amongst teens and the treatment of music therapy. There are additional improvements in adolescents with music therapy that brought up the cause for the addition of my information. This is what led to improving the article, and the main cause of my changes. I feel the most important information is present with the need for these little details to provide those interested in the topic with the full capability of understanding the content. The addition of this information is precise and key to the article and is very beneficial to the cohesiveness of the entire article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adamgilanii (talk • contribs) 04:59, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Music Therapy Additions!
Hey fellow Wikipedians,

I am starting this thread to give a brief overview of an addition I made to the music therapy article. As I was going through the page, I discovered under the regions/countries associated with different forms of music therapy there was minuscule information over the continent of Africa. I did a bit of digging and found a plethora of history and examples from Nigeria. Cool right? I instantly wanted to add this insightful information to the page and after a few hundred words and a couple of edits I had a done it. In conclusion, the section I added covers the history, practices, and different applications Nigeria has for music therapy. My work elaborates more on the health applications of the therapy as well as gives a brief summary of a spiritual dance routine done by those recently cured! I hope my work is useful to the wikireaders of the world. Thanks --Cmatt22 (talk) 04:02, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Peer review: All of Chase's edits led back to a reliable source that he documented. As stated in his report, he used a PDF for all of his information. However, this source would not let me open it. All of the wordage that was used was unbiased, which is a good thing. Nothing in his edit should be removed because of the fact that it was all reliable and relevant, but I would find another source that covers what was talked about so he can link it and have people check up on the reliability.

Hello!

I have also made additions to this Wikipedia page. I wanted to further elaborate on the effect that music therapy can help autistic patients. I stumbled upon a scientific journal where research was done and conducted; it read that the result from the research showed positive effects that music could have patients. In my section I summarized the results of the article and the potential effects that music can have in helping people with autism. I wanted to make this known to as many people as possible in order to get the word out that music can help, so I chose this public platform in the hope that many people read it! Music has amazing properties that can be used for more than just blasting out of headphones for background noise, it can help shape and better lives!

--Lydiason1468 (talk) 03:03, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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