Talk:Opsonin

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 January 2021 and 15 March 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Immcarle154.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:56, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Immcarle18. Peer reviewers: Immcarle16.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:47, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Opening paragraph
I made the changes seen in the opening paragraph because it is too exclusive. IgM would not be considered an opsonin by the old definition. However, I fear I have risked the original simplicity of the article. However, this is at least a place to start, because above all else, the page needs to be accurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Creightonian (talk • contribs) 22:41, 7 February 2011 (UTC) 

Etymology note to add
opsonin from Greek word meaning "“to supply or prepare food”"; http://bioetymology.blogspot.com/2011/10/opsonin_2610.html Twbeals31 (talk) 00:09, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

"In a healthy individual, they mark dead and dying self cells for clearance by macrophages and neutrophils, activate complement proteins, and target cells for destruction through the action of natural killer cells." I think this fact statement should be followed up by reference due to the mentioning of various specific cell processes during phagocytosis. Immcarle35 (talk) 03:16, 16 January 2017 (UTC)

Need a link for FC
As an amateur, I have no idea what an FC receptor is, a link to the relevant wiki article would be nice. JoshNarins (talk) 16:09, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Proposed bibliography for future edits
I will be making some edits to this page as part of an Immunology course at Carleton College. My proposed bibliography is below. It consists of three review papers, as well as two primary studies. Unfortunately, a lot of the information out there about opsonins is from primary sources. I am going to try and rely more heavily on the secondary sources, but I may find myself referencing the primary papers for small points.

1. DiLillo, D. J., and J. V. Ravetch. 2015. Fc-Receptor Interactions Regulate Both Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Antibody Effector Functions. Cancer Immunology Research 3:704-713.

2. Litvack, M. L., and N. Palaniyar. 2010. Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation. Innate Immun 16:191-200.

3. Roos, A., W. Xu, G. Castellano, A. J. Nauta, P. Garred, M. R. Daha, and C. van Kooten. 2004. Mini-review: A pivotal role for innate immunity in the clearance of apoptotic cells. Eur J Immunol 34:921-929.

4. Sarma, J. V., and P. A. Ward. 2011. The complement system. Cell Tissue Res 343:227-235.

5. Zhang, Y., A. D. Hoppe, and J. A. Swanson. 2010. Coordination of Fc receptor signaling regulates cellular commitment to phagocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:19332-19337.

I would love some feedback on the bibliography if anyone has thoughts. Immcarle18 (talk) 20:26, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

Proposed new lead section
''As part of my project, I am posting a draft of what I think the lead section should be. Again, feedback is appreciated. This includes some new information to the page, as well as moving a lot of information from the mechanism section into the lead. I do not believe the mechanism section merits being separate from the lead at the moment, however I could be convinced otherwise. I also have included a number of revisions to wording, as some of it was inaccurate or confusing.''

An opsonin (from the Greek opsōneîn, to prepare for eating) is any molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen for an immune response or marking dead cells for recycling (i.e., causes the phagocyte to "relish" the marked cell). Opson in ancient Greece referred to the delicious side-dish of any meal, versus the sitos, or the staple of the meal. Opsonin can be used to reference molecules that perform three functions: 1) acting as binding enhancers for the process of phagocytosis, including antibodies and complement, 2) activating the complement system, 3) targeting a cell for destruction through the action of natural killer (NK) cells.

Opsonization (also, opsonisation) is the molecular mechanism whereby molecules or microbes are chemically modified to have stronger interactions with - to be more "delicious" to - cell surface receptors on phagocytes and NK cells. With the antigen coated in opsonins, binding of the antigen to immune cells is greatly enhanced.

All cell membranes both have negative charges (Zeta potential) which makes it difficult for two cells to come close together. When opsonins bind to their targets they boost the kinetics of phagocytosis by favoring interaction between the opsonin and cell surface receptors on immune cells. This overrides the negative charges from cell membranes. This principal holds true for clearance of pathogens as well as dead or dying self cells.

Opsonization also mediates phagocytosis via signal cascades from cell surface receptors.

Immcarle18 (talk) 22:36, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

Major edits made to page
Hello again! I have made a significant number of edits to the page, and I would love feedback. I have copied all my edits to my talk page, so hopefully people can help add and edit what I've contributed! Immcarle18 (talk) 02:50, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

Updating Opsonin Article
Hi, I will be updating this page as part of a college-level assignment using the following reviews:

Lu LL, Suscovich TJ, Fortune SM, Alter G. Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(1):46-61. doi:10.1038/nri.2017.106

Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel). 2019;8(4):55. Published 2019 Dec 3. doi:10.3390/antib8040055

Sarma JV, Ward PA. The complement system. Cell Tissue Res (2011) 343(1):227–35.10.1007/s00441-010-1034-0

Merle NS, Church SE, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part I - Molecular Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. Front Immunol. 2015;6:262. Published 2015 Jun 2. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00262

Varela JC, Tomlinson S. Complement: an overview for the clinician. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;29(3):409-27. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Apr 4. PMID:!--Autosigned by SineBot--> 26043382; PMCID: PMC4456616. Immcarle154 (talk) 19:42, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

Redid page
I have updated the "varieties" section with a new method of separation (adaptive vs. innate), and rewrote the introduction to be more succinct. I have included new, more academic sources. I also drew some cartoons to illustrate the process a little bit. I hope you like the changes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Immcarle154 (talk • contribs) 03:43, 8 March 2021 (UTC)