Talk:Peanut butter/Archive 1

new picture
It's good photographic quality, but the peanut butter looks very unappealing. I don't like it.

I can see how you would think that, but I personally don't think it's anywhere near as disgusting as the first picture. I thought about making a new and less revolting "toast" picture. Should we try that?PiccoloNamek 05:27, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)


 * I wonder how an all-natural peanut butter would look. Preferrably Arrowhead Mills 100% Valencia Peanut Butter Unsalted ..the ultimate peanut butter. Also, I wonder how a picture on a knife would look. RJII 06:06, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

How about this? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bread.jpg PiccoloNamek 06:14, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)


 * I think the one you have up now is much better. I'm probably just being over critical. Photographing food to look appetizing is an art in itself. RJII 06:18, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Well, I'm open to suggestions. I have a very expensive camera and a lot of free time.PiccoloNamek 06:31, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

You could try doing it like they do in the commercials (although I think they might use something that is not peanut butter for that) and smear the peanut butter on really thick, with swirls and whatnot. You might also put peanut butter on something else (crackers, celery), or maybe show some peanut butter candies. Peanut butter just tastes better than it looks. =) --Kooky | Talk 18:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

YUMM RJII 04:20, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Very odd taste
"Most people not used to it find the taste very odd." Hmm, really? Where exactly does that information come from? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.21.94.201 (talk • contribs) 08:14, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
 * No idea, but I have added a fact to that line. Hopefully someone will clear it up.[[Image:Weather rain.png]] Soothing R  10:07, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

I have removed this statement and the others surrounding it from the article, seeing as no verification or citation was ever provided after over a week. If someone wants to put it back, that's fine, but some sort of verification as to the validity of those statements would be nice. SteveJ2006 23:33, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Saudi Arabia
The link to Eastern Province is puzzling. Any cites? The U.S. Dept of Agriculture site says Saudi exports are to expatriates, and doesn't mention breakfast. Should 20th century be 21st century, or were the Americans conquering away in 1914 with the Ottomans? Grusl 03:28, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Peanut butter jar
Given that pindakaas supposedly doesn't taste like what most of us non-Dutch would call peanut butter (nb, I'm not referring to Americans only here, I'm a Malaysian-New Zealander), perhaps a photo with a jar of peanut butter not from the Netherlands would be good? Nil Einne 00:53, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Almond butter
I moved almond butter into the article as it appears to be linked. 193.112.229.10, 12:22, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Carver and peanut butter
The article George Washington Carver did say he didn't invent peanut butter, which according to earlier discussion on this page is why the statement is repeated here. But I went to the reference given there, and the reference suggested he did invent (or at least re-discover) peanut butter, but simply declined to patent it. I'll change this article eventually, but if anyone has a better reference than that about.com it'd be good to base a change on some more reliable info. --Allen 17:16, 11 June 2006 (UTC)


 * The article George Washington Carver now has some authoritative references that state that Carver did not invent peanut butter or much of anything. The about.com site is inaccurate.


 * Andrew F. Smith, Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2002.


 * Barry Mackintosh, "George Washington Carver: The Making of a Myth" The Journal of Southern History,42(4): 507-528. 1976.

PEANUT BUTTER WAS CREATED BY ALIENS IN 1433!!!!!!!

Peanut Butter as an iron supplement
As a child I suffered from iron deficiency. My mother always told me the doctor told her to feed me peanut butter as an iron supplement. Has anyone else encontered this use, or am I just crazy? Maybe it could be mentioned if more people have used it for this. --24.205.251.41 19:05, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You're just crazy. Continue to eat your peanut butter and ketchup hoagies, my son.

US Corporate Jargon
Jargon:

I've heard (mis)use of "peanut butter" as a metaphor at work as early as September to describe lack of organizing principles or focus in management strategy. I suspect it is a pejorative description of the consequences of "muddling through." Now it appears in the news used by Brad Garlinghouse, a Yahoo senior vice president, in a document called "The Peanut Butter Manifesto ."

I think it may be time to document the emergence of "peanut butter" in 2006 US corporate jargon. What is the whole story?

aphor 13:43, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Peanuts are legumes, not nuts
So you should probably reword: "For people with peanut allergy, the concentration of nuts in peanut butter can cause fatal anaphylactic shock."

As long as the fact that peanuts are legumes is mentioned somewhere in the article, I don't see the need to refer to them as legumes everywhere. They are commonly called nuts, and they are more often used in culinary creations like nuts than like legumes (at least in the English-speaking world. Yes you can make peanut soup, but it's not that common). This is the same issue as tomatoes being botanically a non-vegetable, but being categorized and used like a vegetable in much cooking. There are different ways to categorize things than simply a botanical way. These different ways may be just as valid, depending on the reason you're creating a category in the first place. If people who are allergic to peanuts are more likely to be allergic to other legumes then it does make some sense to change this wording. Otherwise it doesn't seem a very enlightening or useful change to make. Sbfisher 20:13, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Actually, the term "nut allergy" is very misleading here. In the English-speaking world, this phrase refers to those who are allergic to walnuts, pecans, etc., and not peanuts.

History Section
The history and references sections were restored. They seem to have been deleted months ago for no valid reason.Plantguy 17:00, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Protect this page
There may be vandalism on this page and George Washington Carver after the American Dad episode tonight. It made reference to Wikipedia directly. OptimumCoder 02:59, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Rankun 03:02, 19 February 2007 (UTC)agreed

It's already fell victim to a few edits regarding that episode. Might as well lock it for the night until this dies down. Sephirothson 03:04, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree, lock it. Prgrmr@wrk 03:05, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Looks like the Carver page has already been protected earlier on but not this page yet. OptimumCoder 03:06, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

It seems like this page has been protected, at least partially, but the vandalism has been left on it. FrozenPurpleCube 03:07, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I've fully protected it for the time being. Nufy8 03:07, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * There's also vandalism on Mary Todd Lincoln. Volatile 03:13, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Elvis Sandwich
Add Elvis Sandwich to See also section. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.250.13.225 (talk) 20:16, 23 February 2007 (UTC).

Better than the average nut paste
From the opening section, "It also has above-average popularity in the Philippines, parts of the Middle East, South Korea and other areas where Americans have maintained a strong presence in recent decades" What exactly does "above-average" compare to? Is peanut butter more popular than the average nut paste? I think this needs some clarification. Tuckerekcut 17:35, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

very popular in Brazil, particularly among children.
Could someone please explain how peanut butter would seem to go from being very popular with children in Brazil to now being nearly impossible to find in Brazil? I have been living in the northeast and can't find it anywhere. 189.23.34.30 01:22, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

At the external links, the "peanut butter" link sounds remarkably like a joke. Mackilicious 21:56, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

OK, you nuts, lookee here
It has come to the attention of authorities that a certain version of this page has been subject to numerous WP:NPOV and WP:COI violations. Granted, this is a contentious subject, and although it often goes smoothly, the topic can also be a bit nutty, so tempers can run high, but editors must keep WP:COOL and if you want others to WP:AGF, you've got to act that way. A certain "Jelly" has been reported to the appropriate administrators for a good chewing out. Let this be an example, and don't get any funny ideas. Noroton 03:58, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

NPOV Violation
"There also exist other nut butters, made from almond, cashew, and hazelnut, such as Nutella." If we are to include this sentence on the page for peanut butter, then it should be on the article on other nut butters, otherwise it would imply that the others are only "alternatives to peanut butter". hugosaavedra

I strongly disagree, although the brand-name Nutella reference is probably uncalled for unless it's linked. I was specifically looking for some information on various nut butters, and even though "almong butter" redirects here, there's not a single mention of any true nut butters. Why not write articles on them as well? To be honest, also, the others are alternatives. That doesn't make them lesser, for the reverse would also be true - peanut butter could well be considered an alternative to a nut butter.

206.207.157.26 (talk) 07:26, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Scientific Uses?
Ok on another note, how is making a peanut butter dispenser a scientific use of peanut butter? 82.71.48.162 (talk) 15:46, 13 January 2008 (UTC)


 * Agree with the previous comment completely. I like the idea that the dispensing of a product can constitute a scientific use(!) Perhaps other wikipedia pages should have similar content e.g. the scientific use of an orange being the existence of a machine that makes orange juice. Enough! I think the section should be removed. &#91;&#91;user:jimjamjak&#93;&#93; (talk) 10:38, 30 January 2008 (UTC)


 * Seconded. I'm removing that section. amRadioHed (talk) 23:16, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Modern peanut butter production
The section on Modern Peanut Butter Production mentions that the skin on the roasted peanuts is removed by rubber belts. However, some brands of peanut butter such as Jif now sold in the USA now seems to include the ground up skins (presumably as a filler contribution to the fiber content). Examination of creamy Jif shows many tiny reddish brown specs which under magnifying loupe (better than typicaly magnifying glass) looks like bits of finely-ground peanut skins.

Of course, that section may still be correct in that the skins are removed by rubber belts BUT are ground up and re-added to the peanut butter. The current section implies that the skins are removed AND DISCARDED. Does anyone have some sort of published verification that skins are re-added to peanut butter?AnimeJanai (talk) 02:08, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Picture
What the hell is that??? That is the grossest picture I have ever seen. It looks like someone smeared shit on the toast. Bremen 04:20, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)


 * Uhhh... that's peanut butter... on toast. Does it look different where you live? - Mark 02:50, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it is pretty disgusting looking. The toast looks semi-solid, the general colour of the peanut butter looks horrible on the blue background, its sloppily plopped on....A new picture might be good 24.10.139.96 04:54, 13 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree there. I was going to make a comment about this, but someone beat me to it by a couple of months. Please put a new picture on. RPharazon 09:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I also agree. The first thing that I thought when I viewed this article, was that somebody purposely put a gross looking picture there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.109.182.135 (talk) 18:29, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Added palm oil and sugar is not 'natural peanut butter'
Natural peanut butter is generally understood to mean 100% peanuts and maybe some salt. The Skippy label is misleading in my view. Not only are people specifically concerned about added sugar these days (such as in fruit juice - do you want juice with added sugar to be labeled 'natural'??), but palm oil also has raised a lot of concerns (see wikipedia). In every way, this labeling strikes me as slick marketing designed so that people will not read the ingredient list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.193.144.79 (talk) 09:56, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Does provide protection
Currently in the "Health Benefits" section it reads: "Peanut butter provides no protection against cardiovascular disease..."

I think this is incorrect. Shouldn't it read the opposite: "Peanut butter provides protection against cardiovascular disease..." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.224.64 (talk) 07:06, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Contrary to popular belief, George Washington Carver did not INVERT peanut butter.
Shouldn't that be INVENT?

No. He didn't invert it. He was afraid it would fall out of the jar. Duggy 1138 (talk) 08:08, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Health/Cardiovascular benefits
I'm not happy about the somewhat sweeping statement re. Health and the monosaturated benefits (as of 9th Jul 08) as cited in (10)- Hindu Times. I'll check out what I can but in the meantime the citation doesn't seem to me to be enough to state a direct and decided benefit as per the claims. FWIW I'm a sceptic when it comes to the role of dietary fats in health scaremongering but I do like to see my suspicions thoroughly and repeatedly tested...Plutonium27 (talk) 19:00, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

History
OK, George Washington Carver did not invent peanut butter. Could this section have a bit more on what the actual history was, rather than what it was not? 68.105.141.114 (talk) 01:39, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Peanut butter as disinfectant?
Under 'Other Uses' the statement that peanut butter can act as a disinfectant was cited for factual verification since May. I've now removed the statement entirely as without adequate verififcation it has no place, particularly with it being a claim for a beneficial effect that could potentially have the opposite outcome. Plutonium27 (talk) 13:56, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Temporary protection?
American Dad brought alot of attention to this article, heh.--Ryudo (talk) 03:03, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Is that a joke? Lincoln didn't actually invent peanut butter. Is it common for Wikipedia to allow jokes to be added to pages? I love American Dad, but come on, folks. - Reticuli —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.178.138.197 (talk) 03:14, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

The world AND emerging markets
The current second sentence of the lead is "It is popular throughout the world and is also manufactured in some emerging markets." Where are these emerging markets, on Mars or something? 69.63.55.88 (talk) 12:06, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Questionable trivia
I removed the following from the article. Please feel free to re-add with appropriate citations.
 * Many people derive amusement from feeding peanut butter to their dog. While most dogs appear to like the taste of peanut butter, they appear to lack the ability to eat it with anything resembling traditional social grace.
 * Peanut butter can help remove gum and tree sap from the skin, hair, or in fabrics and upholsteries.

Vectro (talk) 00:19, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Materials properties?
It is my understanding that peanut butter has unusual materials properties (viscoelasticity or other non-newtonian fluid properties). Does anyone have citation or information on this? If so, please add to the article. Vectro (talk) 00:21, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

percentages
The box on the right says about percentages, which are actually nowhere in the box, which makes no sense.

Independovirus (talk) 18:31, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

How long does Peanut Butter Last?
Peanut butter does not go bad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.238.160.57 (talk) 17:46, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

How long till Mold Grows to a great amount? 20 seconds If more then 2 or more months old can kill you by rotting your insides. http://www.deanesmay.com/archives/007598.html

That article primarily refers to natural peanut butter. . . it doesn't give any hard dates for regular (processed) stuff. Does anyone know when regular (Skippy, Jif, Kraft) store bought peanut butter goes bad? There doesn't seem to be an expiry date on the containers that I have. --209.167.191.66 12:41, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

After some googling I found this .pdf about peanut butter: which says that regular peanut butter lasts about 9 - 12 months after opening. Anyone want to add this to the article? --209.167.191.66 12:49, 11 September 2007 (UTC) Emma and Noa are peanut butter fanatics. for them peanut butter lasts a long time. that is an example of how to you peanut butter in a sentence —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.115.42.245 (talk) 22:17, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Popularity
Is it also popular in groundnut-producing countries of the Sahel such as Senegal, Mali, Niger, etc.? And what about the Caribbean? I've tried peanut butter from Haiti so I wonder if it is also popular there. These places aren't mentioned in the article's lead. Badagnani 06:10, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

PB is also popular in mexico, last time I checked my supermarket there were at least four or five brands of it. I s'pose there are more in america, but here that many brands is quite a bit. Alessandro Malfatti (talk) 01:41, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

I am not sure if this is the right way to do this but I hope it will get my message across. The Groove Salad is legit website dealing with peanut butter, and I am not trying to advertise for it. Simply put, The Groove Salad needs to be included in the external links at http://www.thegroovesalad.com03:20, 26 May 2007 (UTC)03:20, 26 May 2007 (UTC)~John M.

The statement that peanut butter is popular throughout the world is way, way off reality. Just because it is SOLD throughout the world to satisfy the need of US expats doesn't make it popular outside of territories with strong ties to the USA. Knurps (talk) 07:32, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Non refrigeration of peanut butter
I think a good add to the article would be a mention of the fact that peanut butter does not need to be refrigerated and a sentence about why this is. Wezelboy (talk) 22:29, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Possible Editing Changes
There are some changes that need to be made to make this article more accurate. -In the history section of the article, nowhere does it mention anything about George Washington Carver, the actual inventor of peanut butter. -Under the Health Benefits section, more facts could be added, such as peanut butter containing no cholesterol. Peanut butter is also a good source of protein,niacin, riboflavin, and magnesium. -The fact that researce has proven that peanut butter can reduce the risk for gallstones. -Harvard study's have shown that eating peanuts every day, in low amounts, can have a significant positive effect against coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. -Peanut butter is also high in dietary fiber. These are some of the facts and statistics that need to be added to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Amkemper1semo (talk • contribs) 18:23, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, if you have appropriate sources to back those claims up, then feel free to add them... except for the claim that Carver invented peanut butter. He didn't. It was invented long before he started working with peanuts. 209.90.134.252 (talk) 21:03, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Peanut Butter as Bait.
I see in the article that "Peanut butter is not an effective bait for mouse traps." I cannot read the article referenced, because I don't have a subscription, but I beg to differ. Peanut butter is all I use (JIF and Kroger's Natural), and I have yet to ever have a empty trap after setting out dozens of them. In fact, it works better than cheese in my area. My father used to do field studies with peanut butter and oatmeal. PB is an effective bait.

This is talked about in the movie Wanted. He uses peanut butter to attract mice to put bombs on them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.77.26.110 (talk) 22:41, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for considering my comment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.183.51.45 (talk) 17:44, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Banana
Not big, but I took out the line "Peanut butter is really good with bananas on toast." as it pure and solid opinion 69.250.133.110 16:58, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

I'm not goint to put it back in but you are wrong sir. It is the God's truth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.144.78.41 (talk) 06:06, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Possible add to Trivia section

 * My English Teacher (and he should know about peanut butter) said once that, depending on the temperature, you might/might not crave peanut butter. It's true for myself, I generally don't crave peanut butter when it's warm (and might be a general concensus, although I've been wrong before). I almost always eat a PBandJ when it's a cool/chilly night. Anyone else feel the same way I do? There should be some research somewhere . . ..

--ComposerWannabe 05:41, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

What is the point of saying "Nearly 50.77%"? How about "Half"?

According to the American Dad episode "Black Mystery Month" peanut butter was invented by George Washington during the Civil War, and then, several years after his death was delivered to Georger Washington Carver so that he would be credited for it's invention, easing the strain between white people and black people after their emancipation. 86.142.66.242 (talk) 11:14, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
 * --Actually the American Dad episode says it was thought up by Mary Todd Lincoln to ward off evil forces, but was utilized by Abraham Lincoln to try and unite the white south with the newly freed slaves. John Wilkes Booth apparently has a hate of legumes and kills Abraham Lincoln as he was developing a name for the substance. Later on Grover Cleveland plants Peanut Butter on George Washington Carver's doorstep.  And the Illuminati want to hide this from the world for fear that the truth would cause civil unrest.  Though a satire on the DaVinci Code and National Treasure, it would be fitting for Peanut Butter in Pop Culture or Trivia.  I would also suggest "Peanut Butter Jelly Time" commercials too.64.131.237.24 (talk) 02:08, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
 * We can't (and shouldn't) add every little joke like this to an encyclopedia article. Please maintain some sense of proportion. -- Orange Mike  &#x007C;   Talk  00:09, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Aflatoxin in Peanut Products
Under the section Health - Health Concerns. The following sentence: Average American peanut butter contains about 13 parts per billion of aflatoxins, a thousand times below the maximum recommended safe level.[citation needed]

Should be changed to: Average American peanut butter contains about 20 parts per billion of aflatoxins, per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines.

This same information is cited in the Wikipedia article on Aflatoxin.

Reference: Guidance for Industry: Action Levels for Poisonous or Deleterious Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/ChemicalContaminantsandPesticides/ucm077969.htm#afla

Edgewaterz (talk) 21:48, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Dairy product or not?
I think this it would be of interest to mention whether Peanut Butter is considered a dairy product or not. I don't know, but it's a common debate. - anomynous passer-by.


 * Food usually contains some dairy before it is considered a dairy product. Is this really a common debate?  Prome  theus  -X303-  02:06, 10 November 2006 (UTC)


 * I do not believe it is worth it to accommodate the article for those living in the state of Alabama. --65.94.3.51 (talk) 00:48, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

It is a huge issue of debate - as shown by Curb your Enthusiasm 2x07 - Shaq.


 * The next time someone wants to argue with you about it, I suggest that you point out that milk is necessarily an important ingredient in dairy products; the mandatory prerequisite of a dairy product being that it be made from the product of a dairy. Hence, milk. I suppose there are some other things that one could conceivably obtain from a dairy, such as cow manuer, and maybe even glue or leather if you know what you're doing, but really, the principle product of a dairy is milk. In proper peanut butter, there is no milk, and in its simplest form, as someone mentioned previously, it is made entirely from peanuts and salt. Seriously, what the heck would lead someone to believe Peanut Butter to be a dairy product? I mean, if someone is growing peanuts on a dairy, then, well, having worked on a dairy, myself, I don't want to eat those peanuts. VanGarrett 23:55, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Peanut butter is absolutely a dairy product. This is proven fact and not open to your conjecture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.44.254.86 (talk) 22:13, 18 February 2010 (UTC)


 * If peanut butter is, as you say, a dairy product, then please, relieve me of my ignorance, and show me, from which part of the dairy cow, does your peanut butter come from? VanGarrett (talk) 04:18, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

((editsemiprotected))
I think it should be mentioned that George Washington Carver was experimenting with peanut butter as early as 1880, but did not patent the product, as he considered all food products to be the work of God.

Here's the source: http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpeanutbutter.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by Will Selfridge (talk • contribs) 21:22, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

Spelling of vegetable is "vegatable" in the 2nd sentence. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Icos (talk • contribs) 00:23, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Done. JNW (talk) 00:30, 19 October 2009 (UTC)


 * It's been well known that Carver never accomplished much of anything in life, especially in the realm of peanut butter. He never had the most basic of instruments to make it, and what he did make was rumored to be disgusting and inedible. Also, please don't reference sources that copy-pasted my work, the 'history of peanut butter', without citation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mix Bouda-Lycaon (talk • contribs) 03:51, 15 May 2010 (UTC)


 * My apologies; I was unaware that source lifted from your work, but thank you for the insight. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Will Selfridge (talk • contribs) 07:43, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

American Dad Episode
I think we should have some type of reference to it here, since it also has wikipedia in the episode! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.101.4.140 (talk) 10:46, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

Agreed! Probably in fiction! Some of the vandalism seems to be related to that episode. Having it in "Peanut butter fictitious history" may appease some of the vandals. 203.45.11.48 (talk) 02:57, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from JohnOFL, 14 April 2011
Change misspelled section header "varation" to "variation"

JohnOFL (talk) 21:49, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ Baseball   Watcher  01:51, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

wat??
it taste like jelly haha:) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.83.185.8 (talk) 03:05, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

peanut butter is awsomeness! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.196.235.134 (talk) 22:11, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

Kraft Whipped Peanut Butter = Money Loss
I hope everyone realizes that the Whipped Peanut Butter is the same price and same container size as regular Kraft Peanut butter size, but with less PB and more air. Whipped = 750g. Regular = 1Kg. SADeGroot (talk) 21:16, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

History Section replace reference
The reference Black Invention Myths (3) is too general, especially as it is cited 3 different times. Even if it could be deep linked, there is only one paragraph of information and the site is not neutral. Better reference can be found at History of Peanut Butter, containing the same general information. One issue, however, is the article's claim of invention to the Aztecs, while the new reference points to the Inca. Maybe something like "indigenous people of South America" could be better? Scooterfuu (talk) 18:33, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Logan Talk Contributions 16:23, 28 April 2011 (UTC)


 * Black Invention Myths is a biased source because it clearly has an anti-Afrocentric agenda. If the information on that website is factual, there should be no problem finding another, better source that says the same thing without any racial bias. By the way, I'm not black; I'm white, so please don't assume that I'm taking this personally. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.251.116.245 (talk) 03:11, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

I like grapes —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.224.66.129 (talk) 15:09, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

Crunchy Availability
Just had a look at the page in passing and noticed the article states that crunchy peanut butter is available in the US - thought it might be worth adding in that it's available in other countries too. It's certainly available everywhere that smooth is in the UK (And is the only type I buy!) - anyone else get crunchy in their country? Boaott (talk) 12:42, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Agreed - I'd got at it before I read your comment. See mine below. InelegantSolution (talk) 12:11, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

WSJ resource

 * Peanut-Butter Makers Face Crunch; Hot, Dry Summer Roasts This Year's Crop, Propelling Prices and Forcing Smucker and Major Producers to React by Paul Ziobro October 10, 2011.  99.190.85.209 (talk) 19:44, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Who invented it?
Ok the article says that it was invented in Australia, but if you look on any modern "natural peanut butter" label the ingredent is "peanuts, salt" --that's it! The person to invent this type of peanut buter need only grind up peanuts and add some salt. So the "protein paste" that is mentoned earlier in the article might as well be called "peanut butter." As for the reference? I think the author is splitting hairs, and we need to be more clear about what we call "peanut butter" and who was the first person to make it. --Jabin1979 15:18, 03 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The German article says it was invented by John Kellogg for the benefit of his toothless patients. I had heard it was invented as a meat substitute because it's high-protein but far less expensive than meat. Kellogg was also an advocate of veganism, so that may have had something to do with it too. At any rate, someone needs to do some research into the history of peanut butter and add it to the article. —Angr 20:45, 15 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. But they would have to differentiate between peanut butter in its modern form and early forms like peanut paste.  Prome  theus  -X303-  20:49, 15 November 2006 (UTC)
 * For example, the George Washington Carver article states : "Recipe number 51 on the list of 105 peanut uses describes a "peanut butter" that led to the belief that Carver invented the modern product with this name. It is a recipe for making a common, contemporary oily peanut grit. It does not have the key steps (which would be difficult to achieve in a kitchen) for making stable, creamy peanut butter that were developed in 1922 by Joseph L. Rosefield." Prome  theus  -X303-  13:57, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it's misleading to bring up Kellogg's patent without pointing out that Kellogg's stated goal (in the patent) was to make a substance that retained sweetness but got rid of the "objectionable" taste of peanuts. This seems contrary to the modern goal, of making peanut butter as peanuty-tasting as possible (as evidenced in the commercials for certain brands).Paulhartzer (talk) 22:41, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Link to wrong article.
In "Peanut Butter in food products", the word sandwiches links to a song instead of the food... 71.164.224.218 (talk) 08:06, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Dawnseeker2000   15:11, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

Who is "Carter" in the second paragraph of History?
In the second paragraph, the second sentence starts "As the peanut product cooled, it set into what Carter explained as...." But, Carter is not a link to another article, it's the first (and only) time this name is mentioned on the page. The sentence before is talking about Marcellus Gilmore Edson's patent, so maybe it was supposed to be "Edson" and not "Carter"? However, later in the paragraph, George Washington Carver is mentioned, so maybe it was an early, forward reference to him?

In any case, please clarify. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.62.76.193 (talk) 00:31, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

I reviewed the patent in question; indeed it was Edson (in the text of the patent - see bottom of first column) who described the consistency thusly. (DotSlashSteven (talk) 16:09, 18 March 2012 (UTC))

Remedied. (DotSlashSteven (talk) 02:40, 9 April 2012 (UTC))

Dutch name for peanutbutter
Hi Folks

Just a little remark from me. At the end of the "peanut butter" article is the following remark.

''In Dutch peanut butter is called pindakaas (peanut cheese), because the name butter was protected in the Netherlands when peanut butter came on the market in that country (1948). The word kaas, cheese, was already being used in another product (leverkaas) that has no cheese in it. This product is similar to another cold cut product, leverpostej''.

The last word here in is leverpostej, this is a misspelling the correct one is leverpastei. The ending of the name is ei pronounced almost the same as a Y, and is used for example the name for an egg, that is egg = ei. There is a other variation of the same sylable Y that is ij, pronounced almost the same way, and is used in the Dutch name for ice as icecream or frozen water ijs. The Y has original verry few uses in Dutch, that is propably the two variations. But the variation ej is new to me in Dutch. For some strange reason this article is locked, so that I cannot change it myself. So if someone els will do it Wikipedia is a little step closer of being perfect. Regards Rudy Gesina11 (talk) 16:53, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

P.S. I'm Dutch for the last 61 years

Leberkäse that's what is being referred to? Whitebox (talk) 23:25, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

How to Make Changes to This Page?
I've written a book about the history of peanut butter, which will be published by Columbia University Press in November of 2012. There are a number of mistakes in the article (for example: China grows a lot of peanuts, but is not a leading exporter of peanut butter).

Also, I'd like to add a reference to my book, as it's the first book on the history of peanut butter.

How do I edit the article?

Bluewombat (talk) 19:22, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Click on the "edit" button at the top of the article or for any of the sections. Just start typing. To add a reference to your book, the simplest thing to do is to just manually type out the footnote for the book with before it and the same after after it (don't use the forward slash for the first one—only the one at the end). Then write a note in the edit summary panel at the bottom and click "save page." That will insert your passages into the text, create a superscript footnote marker, and place the citation at the bottom in the notes section. You can also visit the Wikipedia page on citation templates. You can copy the "cite book" template there, paste it into the text when you're editing, and just fill the information in. You'll still have to bound it with the tags.
 * If your book is forthcoming from CUP, it should meet Wikipedia's requirements for reliable sources. If you want to make additions to the article in the meantime, please make sure you use sources that meet the same criterions.
 * Thanks for your interest in making this article and Wikipedia better. Don't hesitate to ask questions at my talk page if you have problems or need further assistance. --Airborne84 (talk) 16:46, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

Cardiovascular disease theory debunked, should be edited.
The article on "Peanuts" states that the Rhesus monkey test results about peanut oil causing cardiovascular disease were faulty. The test was redone and peanut oil was in fact found to lower cholesterol. Could someone edit "Peanut Butter" page to reflect that? ScaramoucheEm (talk) 22:09, 15 March 2012 (UTC)ScaramoucheEm


 * ✅ --Jp4gs (talk) 14:47, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

Trans Fat/Hydrogenated Oils
Reference 11 does not establish that trans fat is present at low levels in peanut butter as purported in the "Health concerns" section. The source only claims that none was detectable. I believe it is fallacious to imply that undetected trans fat is present. In recent years most processed peanut butter has switched from partially to fully hydrogenated oils, the latter not containing trans fat. See http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/nutrition-news/transfats/

According to ref. 11, trans fats were not detected within the undetectable range which is 0 to 0.01% of the sample weight. It's possible that some trans fat  was present but at insignificant amounts. Technically trans fats were "not detectable" according to this range. I'll change the language accordingly. -- Jp4gs (talk) 15:05, 28 December 2012 (UTC) Furthermore, re: 2nd para. of "Peanut butter in food products" section, I know of no peanut butter marketed as "natural" that contains hydrogenated oil or dextrose (as opposed to "sugar"). If the phrase "even if labeled natural" is retained, a source should be provided.

216.114.246.253 (talk) 22:33, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

I don't know why the views of a Jiffy plant manager are relevant at all. For one thing, it's a very biased source since their peanut butters use hydrogengated fats. Hydrogenation, whether it leaves trans fats present or not, is not a natural process. Unhydrogenated palm oil is considered a natural additive - and natural brands that call their use of palm oil "natural" do so within the confines of US labeling law. The quote from the former Jiffy employee should be removed. It doesn't matter what he thinks.

Hazard and Danger
Some people are sensitive to peanuts and therefore peanut butter, even in tiny quantities, which can cause severe and even fatal reactions. Some schools ask that parents avoid putting these foods in school lunches, etc.   Tabletop (talk) 03:57, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

See Peanut allergy.

Andrew Loves Peanut Butter! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Emelie.pesicka (talk • contribs) 18:58, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

Protein completion
This: "Peanut butter is a source of incomplete protein. A common combination to provide a complete protein is pairing peanut butter with whole wheat bread,[9] however, the two foods need only be consumed within 24 hours of each other to complete the protein.[citation needed]" Specifically this part: "A common combination to provide a complete protein is pairing peanut butter with whole wheat bread" This seems contradictory if one follows: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_butter#cite_note-8 -> http://www.livestrong.com/article/259689-what-foods-combine-to-make-complete-protein/ -> http://www.fitsugar.com/Whats-Complete-Protein-Inquiring-Vegetarians-Want-Know-165298 -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_protein -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_combining Where it is cited that: "There was no basis for [protein combining] that I could see.... I began calling around and talking to people and asking them what the justification was for saying that you had to complement proteins, and there was none. And what I got instead was some interesting insight from people who were knowledgeable and actually felt that there was probably no need to complement proteins. So we went ahead and made that change in the paper. [Note: The paper was approved by peer review and by a delegation vote before becoming official.] And it was a couple of years after that that Vernon Young and Peter Pellet published their paper that became the definitive contemporary guide to protein metabolism in humans. And it also confirmed that complementing proteins at meals was totally unnecessary.[2]" From: Maurer, Donna. 2002. Vegetarianism: Movement or Moment? Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-936-X p.37 I propose cutting it down to simply "Peanut butter is a source of incomplete protein." Or possibly some information from a study on the bioavailability of amino acids that included peanut butter here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13642139 Should this be fixed? Tyriel (talk) 11:02, 25 October 2012 (UTC)


 * I agree. According to http://nutritiondata.self.com both peanuts and wheat are lacking in lysine, so combining them does not give any benefit. I propose removing the whole paragraph from the Health Concerns section -- incompleteness as a protein source is not a health concern. Most vegetables proteins are incomplete, usually in lysine, however, you can still get all the lysine you need by eating a sufficient quantity. --66.31.29.207 (talk) 17:39, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 2 April 2013
Please remove the line

[2] George Washington Carver is often falsely credited with inventing peanut butter and is nearly synonymous with its history in the United States.

The reference is from a from a white supremacist website http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/, it is also picked up here http://www.toqonline.com/blog/black-invention-myths/

The website has no references and is clearly racist.

You have already stated in the article that peanut butter was invented by the Aztecs. Dr Carver was experimenting with peanut butter as early as 1880 and only patented 3 things in his lifetime. While he did not invent peanut butter (the Aztecs did), his work certainly popularized peanut butter ("nearly synonymous with its history in the United States").

Please have the whole statement about Dr Carver removed or leave just a reference to his name being synonymous with its history.

Edgjkl7y (talk) 15:14, 2 April 2013 (UTC)


 * The first url you provided above (which is used in the article) is a dead link, but its citation template does indicate that it had the same content as the second url (which is not used in the article and most certainly is a white supremacist site). I've removed the offending ref and reworded the sentence to read that Carver is associated with the history of peanut butter in the United States", which may be meaninglessly vague but at least is making no definitive claim of any sort, and tagged it "citation needed". I'll try to dig up some decent sourcing for the section, but maybe you could find some before I get around to it. Thanks for bringing up the problem. Rivertorch (talk) 16:53, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

Thank You Rivertorch. I went to the National Peanut Board http://www.nationalpeanutboard.org/classroom-carver.php How about this:

George Washington Carver pioneering work with the peanut has made his name synonymous with its history in the United States. Edgjkl7y (talk) 17:32, 2 April 2013 (UTC)


 * That's certainly a reliable source, but I can't help noticing it doesn't say a word about peanut butter. In the absence of something noting Carver's (alleged) relationship to PB, maybe it would be better not to mention him at all in this article. (The peanut article does mention him and notes that he didn't invent PB.) Rivertorch (talk) 06:57, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

You are right, maybe we should just remove the whole sentence. The information about his relationship with peanut butter is already on his own page no need to repeat it here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver#Peanut_products Thank you, Edgjkl7y (talk) 13:52, 3 April 2013 (UTC)


 * ✅. Thanks for raising the issue. Rivertorch (talk) 15:44, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Peanut butter not popular in Europe?!?
Worth an edit to state this? :)
 * Most definetely. Peanutbutter is really popular in The Netherlands. Up to the point where people consider peanutbutter to be something that's as Dutch as wooden shoes and windmills. -- SoothingR 11:52, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Well, it's not popular in the Nordic countries. --89.160.42.204 12:43, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

This is one of the most intense discussions I've seen...on a very (what i thought prior to reading was an) uninteresting topic --simonsaysjump_42

It's not hugely popular in the UK, but it has it's own Niche market.

Are there any american style peanut butters sold in Europe? I lived in Germany for a while and found none - any peanut butter from any country would have been a treat. Is introducing peanut butter to children the key to opening up the peanut butter market in Europe?

I'm from germany and I can find peanut butter in every supermarket and I remember eating it as a kid. But back then it was a bit unusual...

Favorite combinationations I've seen: peanut butter pie, peanut butter and butter sandwiches, peanut butter and banana, toasted marshmallows on peanut butter and I once dated a man who loved peanut butter and canned fish sandwiches as well. It's an addictive inspiration my European friends don't seem to care about. Why?128.198.32.39 23:14, 28 January 2006 (UTC)CarolB

Peanut Butter is absolutely not hard to find in Germany! there are several brands available, all saying things like authentic american peanut butter!

Does anyone know what the European regulations are about calling something peanut butter? A woman I know who grew up in the US but just returned from France (as of 2005 and lived there for 5 years) said that she had an almost impossible time finding what most people from the US would consider "authentic" peanut butter. She claimed she could find "peanut butter" in many places, but it was very thin, possibly diluted with other things and didn't taste the same at all. I've only heard this second-hand, but would be interested to know, since often what is called by the same name in other countries might not be made the same at all. (For instance, much that is called Parmesan cheese in the US would revolt most Italians). Sbfisher 20:00, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Sainsbury's "Wholenut peanut butter" (one with bits of peanut in it, not a smooth one), made in the UK, has the ingredients "Roasted peanuts (95%), peanut oil, palm oil, sea salt". And "* CONTAINS PEANUTS" in bold red letters :-/. There was a smooth one available too, I don't know if it has different ingredients. 78.86.151.120 16:21, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

About calling something peanut butter, when it isn't: Jif is more accurately described as a peanut flavored spread, rather than peanut butter. Peanut butter is made of peanuts, peanut oil, and (maybe) salt. The label on Jif (and many other pseudo peanut butter products) reads like a mad science experiment. These mysterious peanut-flavored chemical soups should probably not be referred to as peanut butter,


 * Why? Is there a a danger of confusion or misinformation? Is Jif not made of peanuts, peanut oil, and salt? I realize that there are other ingredients in it. Like most food-stuffs, different varieties of peanut butter have different ingredients. Personally, I realize that Jif is trash. I only buy peanut butter made of peanuts, oil, and salt. But, as a semantic point, just as a bad joke is still a joke, joke peanut butter is still peanut butter.

75.13.202.239 08:00, 10 November 2007 (UTC) Also an essential ingredient in many satays.

I dont think is popular in Europe, maybe in some countries but atleast in Spain is not, you can found it imported from UK but is not popular at all, in fact I belive it isnt popular in any south-european countries (Spain, Italy, france, portugal, etc) only countries with strong links to USA like UK or Ireland seens to likes it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.155.44.211 (talk) 02:09, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

It is popular in the US, the UK, and in the Netherlands the peanut sauce is popular (not quite like peanut butter though). This assertion at the beginning of the article therefore wrongly states that this is a popular spreadable paste like butter is for instance. I changed it to correspond to reality in a more accurate way. Arnaud. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arnaud'Amiral'Montiel (talk • contribs) 03:51, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Ok...I know this is original research and won'work...but while peanut butter is popular many places I have been outside of the US, it is something far different than the Jif I am used to. Closer to the all natural peanut butter, perhaps. 173.255.161.80 (talk) 17:27, 7 February 2012 (UTC)


 * I can attest to PB being rare and strange in the UK, Europe, East and SE Asia. Though available, a different composition, considered an odd food, and quite expensive. Presidentbalut (talk) 22:49, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

Availability of crunchy peanut butter?
I've removed the words "in the United States". I bought some last week in the UK, and a quick web search shows it's available in Australia. I'm guessing I could find a lot more places where I could get crunchy peanut butter if I was to dedicate more time to this globally vital task [grin]. I'm not saying you can't get it in the US - the way it read before suggested (to me) that was the only place you could get it.

I wasn't keen on "a generous amount" either, but have left that as was. InelegantSolution (talk) 11:43, 4 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I can attest to eating crunchy PB in Japan, Philippines, and UAE. Just as nasty as in America ;) Presidentbalut (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:15, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

United Kingdom
Whats all this saying at the start that the UK is one of the places where peanut butter is popular? That is nonsense. Peanut butter in the UK is regarded by most as an American oddity, it isn't very common at all, most people have never even tried it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.174.58.161 (talk) 00:21, 18 October 2012 (UTC)


 * I agree. While I have found PB in many nations, it is hardly a "popular food" outside America. Shoot, even in America people think it's a tad strange if an Adult regularly eats peanut butter..Presidentbalut (talk) 23:17, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

My Book About Peanut Butter
I've written a book about peanut butter called "Creamy and Crunchy: An Informal History of Peanut Butter, the All-American Food" by Jon Krampner. It was published this year (2013) by Columbia University Press and has been well-reviewed in The New Yorker, Los Angeles Times, Wall Street Journal, Times Literary Supplement of London, etc. It's the only general-interest book on peanut butter for adults. I think it would make sense for Wikipedia to list it in the "References" section of your "peanut butter" article. What do you think?

Bluewombat (talk) 04:45, 3 September 2013 (UTC) JK


 * Certainly relevant to this article. I've added a Further Reading section and put the book there. However it would be helpful if someone with access to the book could look at the History section of this article and see if it can be improved by reference to the book. asnac (talk) 06:55, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Thank you for adding a citation to the book. I'd love to work on the article a bit, but the page is "semi-protected due to vandalism," so I can't access it.

Bluewombat (talk) 20:48, 5 September 2013 (UTC) JK
 * You're welcome. You're in the best position to do the editing (though take account of the WP:SELFCITE protocol). I know you didn't ask me to do this, but I've asked the original admin who semiprotected it to remove the protection as it has been in place for a very long time and may not be needed anyway. asnac (talk) 16:46, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Update - protection has now been removed. asnac (talk) 17:23, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

Again, thank you very much. There are quite a few changes that need to be made; I'll go easy on the "tooting my own horn" part of the equation and will attend to it as soon as things get a bit less hectic.

Bluewombat (talk) 21:23, 9 September 2013 (UTC)JK

OK; I've extensively reworked the article; it probably wouldn't hurt to have an actual Wikipedia person check it, especially as it related to questions of formatting. Also, I would like to add one citation to my book, for the Frank Delfino quote in the "health concerns" section. If you can instruct me how to do this, I'd be much obliged.

Bluewombat (talk) 07:48, 22 September 2013 (UTC) JK
 * Thanks for your edits. I can certainly help you with the citation: go into the edit source mode, and on the editing menu above the text you will see 'cite'. Down-arrow the 'Cite' to show a further menu which includes 'Templates'. Listed beneath that you'll find 'cite book' - choose that. The rest is clear, save that 'ref name' should be something like 'Krampner', and 'ref group' I've no idea about, just leave it blank. Look at WP:CITE for more details. asnac (talk) 08:11, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

Ah, thank you. I messed it up the first time, got it right the second. I appreciate your help.

Bluewombat (talk) 14:09, 22 September 2013 (UTC) JK

Looking for someone to nominate this article for GA status
Does anyone else think this article is up to GA status?--Bigpoliticsfan (talk) 23:55, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

Canadian Invention?
Under the categories it's listed as a 'Canadian invention'... How is it a Canadian invention??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.168.165.229 (talk) 06:22, 23 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 February 2014
The peanut butter article contains the following sentence: "They were mashed to become a pasty substance by the Incas almost 3000 years ago,[citation needed] although they combined it with cocoa and it was not as smooth as modern peanut butter."

I would like to suggest it replaced with something similar to the following: "The origin of peanut butter can be traced back to the Aztecs, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste."

Citation for this change: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/22/peanut-butter-history_n_1222585.html

CNYGamer (talk) 15:58, 1 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done with thanks, Nici  Vampire  Heart  16:39, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 March 2014
Please amend "In Africa, it is called Dakatine, from Dakar Tartine, the most famous brand of peanut butter in Africa." to take into account that it is NOT called that everywhere in Africa. I live in (South) Africa and have never heard the term. I suspect it is restricted to some parts of francophone Africa.

41.133.84.234 (talk) 10:53, 17 March 2014 (UTC)


 * I'd like to remove that sentence entirely. I can't read French so I'm using a Google translation of that source page, but I'm not seeing where that page supports the statements in the article at all. Even if it did, the fact that the source is the brand that's being referenced here strikes me as quite WP:PROMOtional. Due to my language barrier I'll leave this open for others to take a look at. -- El Hef  ( Meep? ) 14:28, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done by User:JNW with this edit Cannolis (talk) 14:33, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I've removed it. The source isn't reliable, but if someone can find an acceptable reference feel free to restore it. JNW (talk) 14:34, 17 March 2014 (UTC)