Talk:Phobia

Wikipedia Ambassador Program assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at UC Berkeley supported by WikiProject United States Public Policy and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program&#32;during the 2011 Spring term. Further details are available on the course page.

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Wikipedia Ambassador Program assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Roosevelt University supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program&#32;during the 2012 Q3 term. Further details are available on the course page.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 15 September 2020 and 17 November 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mjcorlew, JilllianMorris. Peer reviewers: Fwilliamson3.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:19, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 August 2020 and 4 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Biancaassenza.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

re: non clinical / terms for prejudice
Hello, I've removed part of what I believe to be a non-neutral POV sentence in "Terms for prejudice", but I also think the rest of the sentence may need to be reworded, because the grammar is a little bit confusing. I would appreciate other editors' input on this because I'm quite new. Thank you :) Knittea (talk) 09:07, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

Hello - I am also new, but have edited this section to include ", often pejoratively" as the non-clinical use of the suffix -phobic or -phobia is exactly that, in two of the three provided examples. (Edit) I think perhaps the word "usually," or at least the addition of the word "most" (i.e. "most often pejoratively") might have been a better approach. Hikikomoridesuyo (talk) 20:29, 4 May 2016 (UTC)
 * We already state "prejudice" against the object latter in a the sentences. This is our text. I do not think we need to state it twice.
 * "A number of terms with the suffix -phobia are used non-clinically. Such terms are primarily understood as negative attitudes towards certain categories of people or other things, used in an analogy with the medical usage of the term. Usually these kinds of "phobias" are described as fear, dislike, disapproval, prejudice, hatred, discrimination, or hostility towards the object of the "phobia"."
 * Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 07:26, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

That is not correct. "Prejudice" is used to describe the person against whom the pejorative has been used, but not the person using it. When used non-clinically, the suffix "-phobia" is always pejorative. This is not a statement of the same thing twice, as there are two parties involved in communication - the speaker, and the recipient. The accuser, and the accused. The accused is assumed guilty of "prejudice," while the accuser eschews any description. The phrase "as pejoratives" has been added. Hikikomoridesuyo (talk) 02:31, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

"Prejudice" is a noun. "Prejudiced" is the adjective used to describe an action, belief etc which is based on prejudice. ("Prejudice" can also be a verb, as in, "we can't give the jury material that would prejudice them".) I don't think it's necessary to have the phrase "as perjoratives" here, and I think the word "prejudice" is used correctly in the passage Doc James quoted. I think the phrase "as perjoratives" is non-neutral POV and is best removed. If this issue is not resolved through discussion on the Talk page, what do we do? I don't want to start an edit war of just adding and removing the same two words over and over. Knittea (talk) 10:36, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

Questions
Types of phobia Maheshbabu07 (talk) 06:14, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

'Modiphobia' Meaning
Modiphobia = Fear of Press Conferences Arunrajahkl (talk) 00:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Asprophobia(Asprophobia taken from the greek word àspro, meaning white, and phobia meaning fear)
Did you know, that they have a term for people who have a fear of black people? Not just black people, Asian people, Mexican people, and just about every other race, so why is there no term for people who have a fear of white people? It is a very really thing that many people experience, people who have experienced, and/or of seen acts of racism begin to habor a deep fear of white people. Asprophobia taken from the greek word àspro, meaning white, and phobia meaning fear is a term that can be used to describe people who have a fear of Caucasian people. Nell yaoi (talk) 18:44, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: WikiMed Feb-Mar 2022 UCSF SOM
Hello, all I am a 4th-year medical student that will be assisting in editing this page from 2/27-3/27 as part of UCSF’s Expanding WikiProject Medicine course. At the start of this project, the article is rated as start-class quality.

Proposed areas for improvement (Workplan):

·Review of References Will look to provide updated sources where and when appropriate.

·Add section: Signs and Symptoms

·Add section: Outcomes (Prognosis) ·Add Section: Research Directions

·Add and provide information on available assessment tools Can be a subsection of diagnosis.

·Expansion of CBT Explanation Differentiate types of exposure therapy

·Review and expand upon the medication treatment options if appropriate.

·Phobias in Popular Culture (examples below) TV Shows: Monk (Long list of Specific Phobias), Shameless (Agoraphobia) Movies: Benchwarmers (Agoraphobia)

Timeline

·Review references and source material 3/4

·Add sections to align with wikimed suggested template 3/11

·Continue adding any relevant information and cleaning up language as well as attempting to target a more general audience for readability 3/18

·Incorporate peer review suggestions and finalize edits. 3/25

I am open to any discussion, feedback, or suggested areas for improvement either of the work I contribute or future direction for the article.

Joeception (talk) 20:21, 3 March 2022 (UTC)

Diagnosis
I have left this section more or less as is but added additional information to reflect DSM-V information. I am not as familiar with DSM-IV criteria to comment if the stated information about if the phobic stimulus is not encountered in a person's environment that they cannot be diagnosis with a phobic disorder as this is not necessarily true with the DSM-V as for example with a specific phobia an individual may have already changed their living circumstances after living with the disorder for years in such a way that the feared object or situation can be completely avoided. But if they were to continue to avoid activities that would threaten this accommodation and/or if the marked fear/anxiety is experienced from the stimulus they would definitely still meet criteria. Joeception (talk) 18:09, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

Treatments: Hyponosis
The references cited in this section are not great but after some review there are a few meta-analyses that suggest some possible benefit when combined with CBT https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863?src=recsys While other trials have shown no efficacy

From uptodate:

●A clinical trial of 174 patients with dental phobia compared hypnotherapy with systematic desensitization, group therapy, or a waiting list control, finding that all three treatments led to similar reductions of anxiety compared with the control group [8]. Avoidance of dental treatment remained high among patients in all three groups. More than 50 percent of the sample dropped out of the study or did not follow through with dental treatment in the community within one year.

●A trial randomly assigned 22 female patients with dental phobia to hypnotherapy or to a behavioral intervention involving exposure [9]. Exposure therapy resulted in a reduction in dental anxiety, while hypnotherapy did not. The small sample size and a drop-out rate of 44 percent limit the conclusions that can be drawn.

Moore R, Abrahamsen R, Brødsgaard I. Hypnosis compared with group therapy and individual desensitization for dental anxiety. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104:612.

Hammarstrand G, Berggren U, Hakeberg M. Psychophysiological therapy vs. hypnotherapy in the treatment of patients with dental phobia. Eur J Oral Sci 1995; 103:399.

I think it may still have its place in this article perhaps it can be moved to the research direction section or place under an "other" category and remain in the treatment section. Joeception (talk) 16:41, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Peer Review
Peer Review comments by @Pjypark21

Lead – n/a

Content –


 * Topics added such as classification, ICD-11 definition, DSM-V criteria, and causes appear to be relevant, up-to-date, and appropriate
 * The 'Research directions' section may have too much detail. I think shorter sentences highlighting the main innovations may make it clearer to the readers.
 * Could be interesting to incorporate some demographics/epidemiology or highlight racial/socioeconomic disparities in diagnoses of phobias if any, re: Wikipedia's equity gap initiative

Tone and Balance –


 * Contents added appear neutral/objective

Sources and References –


 * Added references appear appropriate i.e. utilizes major/established sources like the ICD-11, DSM-V, etc. as well as meta-analysis/systematic review for some new content added.

Organization –


 * Contents added to existing sections and sub-sections appear organized.
 * New sections added appear in locations that make sense e.g. 'Prognosis' after treatment; this isn't a part you edited, but one suggestion I have is to move-up epidemiology near the top (maybe after classification) for conventional presentation of medical topics (definition/classification, epi, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, etc.)

Image and Media – n/a

Peer review response

Thank you for taking the time to review the article I have been working on over the past several weeks. I agree with a majority of your comments and suggestions.

Content

-I agree the research directions section is written at a higher level which may be difficult for a general audience. I definitely or a future wikipedian could work on translating this more technical jargon to reflect our target audience while keeping the core message intact. I have linked to associated pages in the paragraph currently as a way to further expand on some of the terms mentioned.

- I 100% agree with incorporating both demographics/epidemiology and racial/socioeconomic disparities in diagnoses of phobias. The lancet article I added to the reference list briefly mentions key points on this topic. "High prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity led WHO to rank anxiety disorders as the ninth most health-related cause of disability. Worldwide, anxiety disorders heavily affect patients and society, accounting for 3·3% of the global burden of disease and costing approximately €74 billion for 30 European countries. Globally, the use of treatment for anxiety disorders is low, which is most problematic in low-income countries but is also an issue in high income countries.....Of all people with anxiety disorders worldwide, less than 25% are estimated to receive any form of treatment, and even among those with an explicitly expressed need for care, less than 25% are estimated to receive potentially adequate treatment." Access to care can be difficult especially in developing nations and with certain disorders such as one of the phobic anxiety disorders which can make travel or accessing medical care distressing rates of diagnosis and treatment are not likely to reflect the true disease burden.

Organization

-In regards to the suggestion to move up epidemiology near the top outside of wikipedia I would completely agree as that is the typical presentation style that I usually prefer or am use to in discussion of medical topics. The wiki manual of style for diseases or disorders or syndromes though follows a specific order where epidemiology is located near the end of the article after treatment and prognosis has been discussed.

The following list of suggested headings contains wikilinks; the actual headings should not.


 * Classification: If relevant. May also be placed as a subheading of Diagnosis.
 * Signs and symptoms or Characteristics or Presentation (subsection Complications)
 * Causes: Includes risk factors, triggers, genetics, virology (e.g., structure/morphology and replication), spread.
 * Mechanism: For information about pathogenesis and pathophysiology.
 * Diagnosis: Includes characteristic biopsy findings and differential diagnosis.
 * Prevention or Screening (If the section only discusses secondary prevention, it should follow the treatment section.)
 * Treatment (or Management, especially for chronic conditions): This might include any type of currently used treatment, such as diet, exercise, medication, palliative care, physical therapy, psychotherapy, self care, surgery, watchful waiting, and many other possibilities. Consider discussing treatments in a plausible order in which they might be tried, or discussing the most common treatments first. Avoid experimental/speculative treatments and preventive measures (e.g., prophylactic vaccines or infection-avoidance techniques). Wikipedia articles should not be written in a "how-to" style, but this does not prevent adding official guidelines of treatments or managements if these can be presented in an objective manner and with medically reliable sources.
 * Outcomes or Prognosis. May also be labeled "Possible outcomes" or "Outlook".
 * Epidemiology: factors such as incidence, prevalence, age distribution, and sex ratio.
 * History: Early discoveries, historical figures, and outdated treatments (not patient history)
 * Society and culture: This might include social perceptions, cultural history, stigma, economics, religious aspects, awareness, legal issues, and notable cases.
 * Research directions: Include only if addressed by significant sources. See Trivia, and avoid useless statements like "More research is needed". Wikipedia is not a directory of clinical trials or researchers.
 * Special populations, such as Geriatrics or Pregnancy or Children
 * Other animals

Joeception (talk) 20:09, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Psychology Capstone
— Assignment last updated by Rahneli (talk) 20:00, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

phobia 2600:387:F:6A14:0:0:0:8 (talk) 02:38, 18 October 2023 (UTC)