Talk:Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht/Cartulary section draft

Cartulary
A Cartulary

The Bishopric of Utrecht was, in the 11th century, the strongest of the feudal states in the northern section of Lorraine. Like other ecclesiastical foundations, Utrecht, or rather the churches and convents of the old Trecht, had rich possessions early. Charles Martel gave to Willibrord's Monastery of St. Saviour the towns of Trecht and with that all belonged to them, in other words, the land, water, farms, and inhabitants; four years later, he presented to Willibrord and his successors the villa of Elst in the Betuwe region. Earlier, Pepin of Heristal, to fund the propagation of Christianity, had given to the monks tithes of the royal lands and serfs, tolls and commercial contracts in Friesland, a donation that was confirmed by Charles Martel, Carloman, and Pepin the Short. The possessions of the Utrecht church were at first extended in its own vicinity. Charlemagne presented to St. Martin's, in 777, the villa of Leusden, on the Ems, with the neighbouring wilderness, freedom from taxation for merchants settling or temporarily staying there, and an island in the Lek, besides the church of Dorestad.

Jurjen Bos wrote, in Handbuch des Friesischen, that during the second half of the 7th century the "old Roman fort" of Utrecht and "trading station" of Dorestad were "the focus of the Frisian economy". He characterized Dorestad as a flourishing "Frisian-Frankish settlement" with allegiances vacillating between Frisian and Austrasian.


 * Utrecht and (confirmed in 723)


 * Leusden and four forests in 777


 * Sint Odiliënberg


 * wildban in Drenthe 944


 * goederen in Loenen and Eck 949/953


 * Royal wilderness in wijde omgeving 948/953


 * Muiden 975


 * goederen te Tiel and Arkel 999


 * Vollenhove in 1010


 * Bishop Adalbold II of Utrecht became Count of Drenthe in 1024 and thus laid the foundation of the Sticht. (these rights were confirmed in 1046)


 * Adelbold II became count in Teisterbant in 1026


 * In 1040 Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, donated, a country estate situated in the County of Drenthe, to the cathedral chapter of St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht. De op deze plek gegroeide stad Groningen werd door een door de bisschop aangestelde, in the settlement of Groningen, prefect bestuurd.

The town of Groningen grew in this place was appointed by the bishop prefect controlled who lived in Groningen


 * Bishop Bernold became count in the Oversticht in 1042 and Count of Hamaland in 1046.


 * William I, Bishop of Utrecht, became Count of West-Friesland in 1064.


 * Bishop Conrad became Count of Stavoren in 1077, became Count of and of  in 1086 and of  in 1086.

The bishops' properties were managed through vogt and feudalism.