Talk:Public administration

untitled comments
what is public administration? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.206.247.252 (talk) 10:52, 29 June 2005 (UTC)


 * There are boundaries that are problematic in the study of government, governance, politics, and bureaucracy. Public administration is a term of convenience to address these contested areas.  It used to mean the study of government bureaucracy.  In my opinion, such a usage is now obsolete...at least highly contested. Ryan Lanham 00:35, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Managing a bureaucracy is not the same as understanding it. Understanding how a bureaucracy does in no way make an individual competent at managing a specific agency. Public Management is no different from private. Encouraging people to accomplish the organisational goal is management not public administration. Would you classify a MBA as a management degree OR is it designed to encourage individuals how to develop organisations and furthermore understand how administration of a private company can aid the organisation in its overall goal, either making money, or providing services (in the case of Government). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.80.57.165 (talk) 04:14, 3 May 2006 (UTC)


 * Public management is no different than private. Hmmm.  Profit?  Public good?  Seems different to me.  Ryan Lanham 20:49, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

You are talking about the end result. NOT the process. How an individual process a passport application in the State Department is no different from how a processor for MBNA processes a credit card application. Certain criteria must be fulfilled in order that either are issued. A process is set up and within that standard operating procedure for both examples (and there are THOUSANDS more) action is taken. You are looking at the completely wrong aspect. The mission of a public bureaucracy is to provide a service, albeit one of public good. Managing the process has little actual difference. You are still managing people. A degree in public affairs is more geared towards the ETHICAL aspects of bureaucracy rather than the administrative end of it. GO look up any public affairs program and you will find the following authors: All of those represent a more ethical consideration rather than dealing with how to move paper around an office. The process is no different. The ethical considerations are fundamentally different. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.80.56.39 (talk) 20:15, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Stone
 * Simon
 * Goodsell
 * Kuhn

Don't merge with public management. –wiki-vr 09:30, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Public administration and Public management are in contemporary use usually seen in opposition. The distinction needs to be maintained (don't merge), and both articles need cleanup to reflect this opposition. --Chewy m 14:46, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Some Notable Public Administrators (in alphabetical order) is silly
Dropping the list. Every person ever elected to public office, or assuming it through other means, in the history of mankind could go on the list. List is therefore silly. -James Howard (talk/web) 22:51, 15 May 2006 (UTC)


 * Well it's referring to scholars, not administrators themselves. But I agree that the list should be dropped. ChrisKennedy(talk) 17:25, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

I disagree. It is important to mention notable public administration and bureaucracy Scholars in this article. I have added some European scholars, as the list was very American centric. So I recommend to keep the list. RaF, 22 May 2006 (UTC)


 * I am not familiar with this field, but as a general principle I think it is better if people (and institutions) are mentioned in context rather than just listed. For a list, one would at least want years of birth and death and some brief description of what people have done to make them important. Uppland 21:11, 23 May 2006 (UTC)


 * This section is odd and has little use (particularly given how much of the article is dominated by this list). I propose creating a new page with the list of notable PAs and relocating the content from this page. Thoughts? Thanks, Hu Gadarn 15:51, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Why is Max Weber mentioned only once, in the list of notable scholars? His work is incredibly influential in modern studies of public administration, and our understanding of the nature of bureaucracy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.104.236.96 (talk) 00:31, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Given that the article divides up the development of Public Administration into five generations, rather than listing the scholars in alphabetical order, breaking up the list into the five generations of development, and then within each generation alphabetically would seem to be more useful. If no one objects, it might be an interesting thing for me to do between semesters (I'm currently working on an MPA, so it's something I probably should learn about.) Unfortunately, I'm working on a bit of original research, so I might not have the time. If someone else wants to do it.... Fredrik Coulter (talk) 00:23, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Institutions
How about moving the list to its own page? Perhaps mentioning the really significant institutions in the text, and in the context of the development of the discipline and various schools of thought, would be better than a complete list right here. BTW, aren't there some "doctorate-granting institutions in public administration or public policy" outside the United States? Uppland 17:41, 22 May 2006 (UTC)


 * I don't think it even needs its own page given that a category for schools of public administration already exists Category:Public_administration_schools - ChrisKennedy(talk) 19:32, 22 May 2006 (UTC)


 * That will only work where the programme in public administration is actually organized as its own "school" rather than just being part of a university faculty of Social sciences or Law. We can't possibly add every university to every possible category that corresponds to every single one of its programmes of education. Uppland 20:50, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

A Merger seems to be flawed. As a Student of Public Administration I agree that Public Administration and Public Management are simular and can cover simular issues, however Public management in Tangable different, and is merely a theorietical; concept within Public Administration. As such Public Administration extends beyond this insular view. Therefore both topics warrent their own pages, albeit linked, as otherwise an oversimplification of the topic is risked. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.46.108.127 (talk) 18:47, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Public administration is not merely limited to the study of policy. Public administration, as an academic discipline, describes the study of government institutions - how they are organized, how they use resources (financial, human, etc.), how they respond to public needs and demands. It is also the study of how public policy is made, why it is made, and the many factors that influence policy-making. Using models of policy systems, public administration students can assess the broad impact that a certain type of policy may (or may not) have on the general population, the target group, the bureaucratic system, the political system, etc. It is important to note that public administration takes into account the various theories of public management (among many others) in the context of the entire system - ie. the public, the politics and the bureaucracy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.223.73.111 (talk) 17:58, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge public management with 'societal management' and leave public administration as it stands. The problem with the use of the term 'public' is that it has an antonym 'private'. What would be private administration or private management? No doubt, there is considerable amount of literature that use the word 'public' in a broader sense to cover issues concering both government and society. However, the social issues covered by both public administration and public management domains are limited to areas where the government has a role to play. Perhaps, it would be ideal to rechristen 'public management' as 'societal management' to cover issues relating to all types of social institutions including the government. The phrase 'public management' does lack definitional stability. While in 'public administration' 'public' means clearly the government and citizens, there is no such clarity in the case of public management. This discussion must recognize the hierarchical differences. Societal or public management belongs to a super domain. Both public administration and business management could then fall under it at the next level in the hierarchy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Majj (talk • contribs) 08:52, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism
I don't know who, but there were a bunch of "I.P. Freely" type "funny names" in the list of scholars. That is vandalism. Ticks me off. Everyone keep an eye on this one, to make sure it doesn't happen again. Ilikenwf 18:27, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Academic bias to page?
Good day. I've noticed what seems to be an academic bias to the page. For example, the writing on the history of PA begins with Ancient Greek, etc. thinkers - yet I'm pretty sure that PA existed before this time (i.e. civilization did not begin w/ the ancient Greeks). Why does the "hisotry of PA" section not start with the history of PA? Also, what is a "pre-generation"? This is nonsensical except perhaps to academics. Fianlly, the page began by describing PA as the "study and implementation of government policy...". I've corrected this to read "implementation and study...". The purpose of PA is not academic - it is implementation. Am I off the mark of does anyone else agree? Thanks, Hu Gadarn 15:44, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Dig up some sources and expand the article..I agree there should be more on pre-Grecian civilizations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.243.24.136 (talk) 10:32, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

Opening summary
The opening paragraph on public administration is problematic. Public administration is about much more that 'policy'. In the second sentence, what does 'linked' mean? This sentence also has a contestable implication - that public admin contributes to the public good. Many critical theorists would disagree or claim the story is much more complex. The final sentence suggests that NGOs may be included within the ambit of public admin if they are not motivated by self interest. If one accepts the assumptions public choice theory, then conventional governmental agencies are also motivated by self interest - are they excluded from the public admin category? This is a strange criterion on which to determine membership of this category. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.104.236.96 (talk) 00:39, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Proposed removal of list of academics

 * Yes - the list adds no value. This is an article about Public Adminsitration, not the teachiong of public administration, not academics interested in PA, but PA itself. Delete list. Thanks, Hu Gadarn (talk) 16:02, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

six "generations
Is the "six generations" breakdown of the history of Public Administration something which is broadly used? If so it needs to be cited; if not, it would seem to be classifiable as original research, or at least NPOV. babbage (talk) 04:55, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

I must agree that "six generations" interpretation must be substantiated. It is highly conceptual and I'm not sure it can be applied oustide the Anglo-saxon tradition of thought in the field. Yet I find it elegant and atractive as a means of explaining certain aspects of Public administration. So it would be great for the article to cite some research on the subject. Mantas —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.219.57.125 (talk) 09:34, 26 November 2008 (UTC)


 * But even if it were substantiated, it's presented in the article as if it "were" public administration, or as if it had some sort of widespread acceptance throughout the discipline. I've just read a bit on the field, so I'm completely unqualified to try to change the article; but it seems to me that anyone who read this article as-is would come away with a very biased understanding. babbage (talk) 23:38, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

critique of NPA
The usual standard in Wikipedia entries is to include the critique of the exposed subject matter or point of view. In the case of public administration – and especially the modern variation to the theme, NPA – is astonishingly absent. This should be corrected, especially since NPA has proved far less successful in practice than its proponents tend to admit. ˜˜˜˜ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.72.197.47 (talk) 15:55, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Relocate empty sections here
Hi, I have no objection to sections that sit empty for a few days while an editor is adding material, but these have been empty for weeks, even months.OnBeyondZebrax (talk) 22:04, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Silly and wordy photo caption
Unlike what everyone under 25 would like to think...paper is alive and well. Yes, unreliable but true paper is still being used in even regular offices. Nobody has their full office on their crackkberry yet

"Even in the digital age, public servants tend to work with both paper documents and computer files (pictured here is Stephen C. Dunn, Deputy Comptroller for the US Navy"Starbwoy (talk) 22:05, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Photographs and POV

 * 1) The photographs currently on this article currently leave much to be desired.
 * 2) I just removed this caption as non-neutral: "Even in the digital age, public servants tend to work with both paper documents and computer files"Andrew (talk) 19:31, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

Untitled
made some minor edits. Still think it goes on too long about international monetary system. 71.87.179.156 01:03, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

This is a very long and weird entry. I've taken out references to international Jewish bankers "owning" the Federal Reserve -- and a lumping of Henry Kissinger with Hitler and Stalin -- but I fear much of this entry should be revised. I lack the expertise to do so myself, but invite someone else to! ConDissenter 20:59, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

I agree. Writer(s) seem to get lost and wander into some ideological reasoning. I96danma 14:22, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

I also agree, most of this article is very politicaly loaded and fails to inform one of what "Public Management" really is. Instead the author of this article bounces from tangent to tangent. The author also needlessly policisises the article and the very subject of Public Management. I would recoment a complete re-writing of this article.--Discott (talk) 12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Severe NPOV
I removed most of the sections that bore little relation to the topic of "Public Management". Criticisms of fractional reserve banking, international capitalism, transnationalism, central banking, corporations or democracy belongs on other pages, not this one. Given that the great majority of the page was this unrelated "criticism", it seems there was very little directly related to the presumptive topic of the page, and needs fleshing out. PJayC (talk) 00:18, 2 January 2008 (UTC)


 * Agreed. While I am not totally unsympathetic to some of the author's contentions (specifically, wealthy and powerful business interests corrupting democratic governance), I haven't seen an entry this severely POV in a while.  Worse yet, much of it bears little actual relevance to the actual topic at hand!  This article needs a major overhaul. -- Eastlaw  talk ⁄ contribs 07:00, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

Self reference
I removed this as self reference:

It is notable that there is, at present, no Wikipedia entry on public management via the marketplace and that it is debatable whether the entries on Smith and Hayek adequately discuss their reasons for advocating the market mechanism and how it was/is supposed to work.

Hopeless
This article is hopeless in its current state and seems to have been more or less like this for a while (although much of the more egregious parts of the entry have been removed or modified). Perhaps there could be a collective effort to revise this with a concentration on important theorists such as Herbert Simon. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.66.247.161 (talk) 03:36, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Chopped
I removed a long section that just seemed to POV to be fixed other than by rewriting. To see the prev version check the history at. This now gives us a short article that can be expanded and a long list of references. And I removed the POV and clenaup tags. RJFJR (talk) 20:57, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

if there are no objections ...
... I will redact and merge this into Public Administration as the same-named &sect; after a suitable period. Lycurgus (talk) 08:41, 1 January 2015 (UTC)


 * There being none, will proceed with straight forward merge of all the front and back content here as last 1st level &sect; in the merge target. Will deploy to mainspace when complete. Lycurgus (talk) 13:58, 25 January 2015 (UTC)

Merge
Completed without loss of content, requested grammar redact performed. Lycurgus (talk) 04:21, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

Relocate unreferenced list to here, for discussion
I removed this unreferenced list and put it here on the talk page, so we can discuss what to do with it. Right now it appears to contain some original research. The goal of Wikipedia is not to create indiscriminate lists of ideas (see WP:NOT). If this was an official list from a public administration textbook, great, but there are no citations. In my view, the best thing to do with this list is to make sure that the pertinent list members are covered in the article. Public management is discussed in several sections, as is the "business or market systems" approach. I think public choice is covered in the article. OnBeyondZebrax • TALK 02:59, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

Approaches
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
 * Public good and common good approaches
 * Public management approach
 * Public administration approach
 * Public contracting and provision approach
 * Public choice approach
 * Community services administration (US and global)
 * Systems approach
 * Ecological approach
 * Contingency approach
 * Behavioural approach
 * Participatory/democratic approach
 * Competency/functional approach
 * Business or market systems approach
 * Social sciences research approach
 * Statistical and engineering approach
 * Feminist or gender studies approach
 * Disability public policy approach
 * Universal vs person-centred approaches
 * Family studies, theories and community development

Review
-Comprehension: The opening paragraph explains the premise of the article very well, but it is explained in a rather odd fashion, and semi-hard to comprehend and fully understand. The term "Public Administration" in its self is somewhat difficult to explain, but I think there is a solid base for the start of the page.

-Readability: As stated before, the article is fairly hard to understand, and I feel as though there could be a better organized revised edition that could be cultivated. There is also an abundance of information that is truly not necessary, though relevant, it could use a different page for several headings.

-Ease of Comprehension: The article in general is understandable, but it could be more so. Simplified phrases, words, and categories could easily be replaced from the complicated and complicated text.

Question 1: I enjoyed the pictures of Woodrow Wilson and facts stated, the page has a lot of relevant information.

Question 2: I feel as though the information could be shown in a more feasible way, and take off some information that is a bit more lengthy and less relevant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Crc151 (talk • contribs) 19:40, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

5.1 Comparative Public Administration //Sources for consideration
Contained are the Sources for consideration in expanding section 5.1 Comparative public administration. L g219 (talk) 20:36, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Heady, Ferrel. Public Administration, a Comparative Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Print.

Peters, B. Guy., and Jon Pierre. Handbook of Public Administration. London: Sage Publications, 2003. Print.

Fitzpatrick, Jody, Malcolm Goggin, Tanya Heikkila, Donald Klingner, Jason Machado, and Christine Martell. "A New Look at Comparative Public Administration: Trends in Research and an Agenda for the Future." Public Administration Review 71.6 (2011): 821-30. Web.

Pollitt, Christopher, and Geert Bouckaert. Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.

Pierre, Jon. Bureaucracy in the Modern State: An Introduction to Comparative Public Administration. Aldershot, England: E. Elgar, 1995. Print. — Preceding unsigned comment added by CarBut13 (talk • contribs) 20:37, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Pollitt C. Riggs on comparative public administration: looking back half a century. International Review Of Administrative Sciences [serial online]. December 2010;76(4):761-766. Available from: Political Science Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 9, 2016.

Suess Kennedy, S. (2013). Context Matters: Pedagogy and Comparative Public Administration. Croatian & Comparative Public Administration, 13(1), 161-174.

KAMINSKI J. Bureaucracy and Modernity: A Comparative Qualitative Analysis of Public Administration in the West and OIC States. Politics, Bureaucracy & Justice [serial online]. October 2013;3(2):1-10. Available from: Political Science Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 7, 2016.

Waugh,William L.,,Jr. (2004). Comparative bureaucratic systems. Perspectives on Political Science, 33(2), 119. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/194699522?accountid=5683

Parmar, I. (2005). Catalysing events, think tanks and american foreign policy shifts: A comparative analysis of the impacts of pearl harbor 1941 and 11 september 2001. Government and Opposition, 40(1), 1-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2005.00141.x

Clark, D. (2000). Citizens, charters and public service reform in france and britain. Government and Opposition, 35(2), 152-169. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/218320986?accountid=5683

Farhar, B., & Coburn, T. (2008). A new market paradigm for zero-energy homes: A comparative case study. Environment, 50(1), 18-27,29-32. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/224021643?accountid=5683

Zaharna, R. S. (2005). The network paradigm of strategic public diplomacy. . Washington: Inter-Hemispheric Resource Center Press. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/209950790?accountid=5683 Jmcillece (talk) 20:47, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Fitzpatrick J, Goggin M, Heikkila T, Klingner D, Machado J, Martell C. Comparative Public Administration: Review of the Literature and Agenda for Future Research. Conference Papers -- American Political Science Association [serial online]. January 2010;:1-24. Available from: Political Science Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 7, 2016. Savannahderick (talk) 20:41, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Adres, Eitan, Dana R. Vashdi, and Yair Zalmanovitch. "Wiley Online Library." Public Administration Review. August 7, 2015. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/doi/10.1111/puar.12424/full (accessed March 7, 2016). Grigorescu, Adriana, Corina-Georgiana Antonovici, Adelina Dumitrescu-Peculea, and Florin Marius Popa. "Comparative Public Administration and Management – Good Governance and Regulatory Quality in the 21st Century." Social Science Research Network. February 15, 2016. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2732731&download=yes (accessed March 3, 2016). Jreisat, Jamil E. "Wiley Online Library." Public Administration Review. Feburary 25, 2005. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00447.x/abstract (accessed March 7, 2016). Kjeldsen, Anne Mette, and Jacobsen Christian Botcher. "Oxford Journals." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. October 29, 2012. http://jpart.oxfordjournals.org.libproxy.txstate.edu/content/23/4/899.full (accessed March 7, 2016). Wilson, Woodrow. "Woodrow Wilson on Administration." The Heritage Foundation. July 1887. http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/woodrow-wilson-on-administration (accessed March 3, 2016).

L g219 (talk) 22:28, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

Comparative Public Administration
This subsection is overall extremely helpful and informational. There are however a few mechanical and structural errors that would make it even better and less "blocky" so to speak. Right now, it is an overwhelming section to read because it is a ton of information being thrown into long paragraphs. To enhance this subsection, I recommend using block quotations for those that are lengthy and of higher importance (ex. Woodrow Wilson's quote). There are also a few very minor grammatical errors such as capitalization errors, the use of comma splices (which when addressed can help with the unnecessary length), and other minor grammatical errors. I would recommend browsing through again to address these issues.

The first two sources are also inactive. [39] and [40]. I would reexamine and fix this error to create further ease in accessing those links.

Overall, very great, detailed, and well developed.

-Alicia — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dorado alicia25 (talk • contribs) 05:40, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

This subsection is very good! One thing that I might suggest is maybe doing subheaders. Right now the text is just blocked in extremely long paragraphs and may be difficult to read for some users. The Wilson quote is used twice. There are some minor grammatical errors such as the use of "&" instead of "and." In the tone of the article, the use of "this shows that..." or "this highlights the..." could be changed to just a claim and then cite your source. In the current way it seems like the reader would have to read the source for further knowledge, instead of you picking out relevant information and just citing it.

Your article is very great overall, just some minor accessibility things to consider!

-Rachel — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ra c 37 (talk • contribs) 21:45, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

nice nice Maxamedursadursad (talk) 04:35, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

early Chinese administration
I threw in a mention, remove it if you don't think it belongs.FourLights (talk) 23:38, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

Institutions teaching PA
I do not think that a list of institutions teaching/studying PA should be part of a Wikipedia article... There are other websites for this. This is especially true for this very subjective and cherry-picked list. There are so many institutes and universities missing that I do not even know why someone thought to put the list up in the first place. For example in Germany there is also the Faculty of Politics and Public Administration in the University of Konstanz, but also faculties of "state science" (basically Public Administration) in the Universities of Erfurt and Passau. In Switzerland there is a section for Public Administration in Sankt Gallen and Turkey, for example, is completely missing with many universities offering some kind of public administration departments (like for example in the Marmara University in Istanbul with their department for Politics and Public Administration). I would strongly advice you to just delete this section... 213.193.232.58 (talk) 12:05, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

OLD PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Old Public Administration is rooted in political science studies and deals with a unitary view of state in which policy making and implementation are managed by the central government through a bureaucratic model. It assumes the model as effective by natures since prescribed by the law. Dara Regine (talk) 07:09, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

No self-editing skills whatsoever?
I admit that I am a million years old and that slightly less than a million years ago, my teachers in middle and high school taught us grammar, diction, and basic rules of structure and style. We were shown, then drilled, quizzed and tested, and finally held to a simple standard: is what you are about to submit the result of your best efforts to communicate effectively? This article fails that standard, and miserably.

As others have observed, much of the detailed minutiae presented in the main essay would be better placed in footnotes or even separate articles. More egregious stylistically is the author's inability to end his fucking sentences. Even slow step-children recognize that a 215 word paragraph comprising a single sentence is shoddy writing. When a piece's style distracts rather than enhances, it is doomed beyond retrieval. There is no good writing, only good re-writing. Failure to ruthlessly self-edit indicates intellectual laziness and time-consuming nonchalance.

Peace from Los Angeles. 2603:8001:30F0:7CB0:11D9:7967:666F:867C (talk) 21:20, 27 December 2022 (UTC)


 * Hi, yes I agree. I'm new here and have sought to correct this. Your feedback is appreciated and feel free to contribute your talents to the article. Drocj (talk) 07:45, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

Public administration and political administration difference and similarities
public administration is a political process but then how can they be differentiated 2405:204:3390:F788:0:0:210B:30B1 (talk) 11:26, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

Public Administration
Public and its Administration, Administration of the public considerably field by which leaders attains to serve their communities (respectively) to advance the common good and effect positive change. Therefore, public administration professional who are expected to come from this field are provided with the skills to manage and serve at all levels of the government be it local, regional, or national combining the Non-profit organizations. INVISIBLYBROKE (talk) 05:12, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 January 2023
Public administration history is ancient. In ancient Greece and Egypt, prominent officeholders were responsible for justice, law and order, and plenty. The Romans established administrative hierarchies for law, military, finance and taxation, foreign affairs, and home affairs, each with its own chief executives. This complicated the arrangement. The Roman Catholic Church copied the Roman Empire's complicated administration. Superiors reported to the emperor. After the Western Roman Empire collapsed in the fifth century, the eastern Byzantine Empire, whose civil service authority was derogatorily called "Byzantinism," maintained many of its norms.

Medieval royal families created early European governments. Until the 12th century, numerous royal household officials had the same job. The exceptions were butler, steward, chamberlain, and chancellor, who wrote and applied the monarch's seal. The royal household's domestic and state-related activities were separated in the 13th century. Traditional household jobs disappeared, became sinecures, or lost relevance. The royal chamberlain's office, which was constantly engaged in state matters and survived to become the most important link between ancient court offices and present ministries, may have been the origin of the modern treasury or finance ministry.

The high court, exchequer, and collegial royal council began to manage state matters in the middle of the 13th century. England and France did not form such organizations until the early part of the 14 century. They didn't become independent political entities until the beginning of the 17th century in Brandenburg, which was ruled by an elector (a prince with the right to pick the Holy Roman emperor) and became the Prussian state.

European ministerial institutions developed from royal councils, powerful groupings of nobles appointed by the monarch. These strong noble councils preceded the justice and finance departments, which originated in old court offices. These organizations' separation of labour created Europe's first professional public officials, the monarchs' secretaries. Due to their proximity to the monarch and relative stability, the secretaries had a greater knowledge of the king's goals and more expertise with state issues than the council's more transient aristocracy. Staff assisted them. Secretaries acquired importance in the 15th and 16th centuries since they resembled full council members.

Geography initially determined secretaries' duties. England's regional allocation—with a secretary of the North and a secretary of the South—persisted until 1782, when home and foreign secretaries were created. By 1789, secretaries of state were shifting from geographical to functional roles.

China's Tang (618-907) and Sung (960-1279) dynasties created the longest-lasting civil service in history. It was established with a centralized administration during the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) (960–1279). It lasted until 1912. Sung-era civil service tests became comprehensive. Three layers of written exams eliminated applicants, with over 100 persons beginning the process for each pass. Although there was a strong focus on the Chinese Classics (because it was believed that familiarity with them helped develop a good citizen's virtues), there was also an effort to create objective and insightful tests for practical abilities, and there were persistent disagreements over the test's subject and methodology. To safeguard candidate anonymity and for unbiased grading, clerks duplicated test papers, applicants were identified only by number, and three examiners assessed each paper. Due to the promotion system's focus on test scores, yearly merit ratings, and the habit of employing numerous lower-level officials from the clerical service, junior relatives might be nominated for bureaucratic positions.

Public administrators collaborate with municipalities to improve society. Public administrators handle nonprofits and all levels of government (local, state, and federal). Public administration uses project and program management, which may be applied to business.

Public administration implements government policies. Today, public administration is thought to influence government policies and efforts. Government acts are planned, organized, directed, coordinated, and supervised.

All governments have public administration. Countries have national, regional, and municipal public administration. Public management is increasingly challenged by intergovernmental relations.

Due to highly trained administrative, executive, and directing courses, public administration has become a distinctive career in most countries. "Civil service" usually refers to public administrators. Since the early 20th century, Americans have recognized public servants as professionals and valued their skills.

Unlike the civil service, the military, courts, and police are full-time state agencies. Scientific or professional civil services give technological aid rather than administrative assistance. Most governments distinguish between civil servants at home and diplomats abroad. Civil servants oversee the state's internal affairs without being political, ministerial, military, or law enforcement.

Most countries exclude local government and public corporations from the civil service. In unitary administrations, province staffs are civil servants. US federal, state, and local governments have civil services, which are public jobs with permanent tenure that are entered via examination. 2001:FD8:6A0:2182:2C21:C1E:1CD5:F7D2 (talk) 04:32, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 06:08, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 January 2023
Post duplicated, see below

Semi-protected edit request on 29 January 2023 (2)
Post duplicated, see below

Semi-protected edit request on 29 January 2023
Public administration history is ancient. In ancient Greece and Egypt, prominent officeholders were responsible for justice, law and order, and plenty. The Romans established administrative hierarchies for law, military, finance and taxation, foreign affairs, and home affairs, each with its own chief executives. This complicated the arrangement. The Roman Catholic Church copied the Roman Empire's complicated administration. Superiors reported to the emperor. After the Western Roman Empire collapsed in the fifth century, the eastern Byzantine Empire, whose civil service authority was derogatorily called "Byzantinism," maintained many of its norms.

Medieval royal families created early European governments. Until the 12th century, numerous royal household officials had the same job. The exceptions were butler, steward, chamberlain, and chancellor, who wrote and applied the monarch's seal. The royal household's domestic and state-related activities were separated in the 13th century. Traditional household jobs disappeared, became sinecures, or lost relevance. The royal chamberlain's office, which was constantly engaged in state matters and survived to become the most important link between ancient court offices and present ministries, may have been the origin of the modern treasury or finance ministry.

The high court, exchequer, and collegial royal council began to manage state matters in the middle of the 13th century. England and France did not form such organizations until the early part of the 14 century. They didn't become independent political entities until the beginning of the 17th century in Brandenburg, which was ruled by an elector (a prince with the right to pick the Holy Roman emperor) and became the Prussian state.

European ministerial institutions developed from royal councils, powerful groupings of nobles appointed by the monarch. These strong noble councils preceded the justice and finance departments, which originated in old court offices. These organizations' separation of labour created Europe's first professional public officials, the monarchs' secretaries. Due to their proximity to the monarch and relative stability, the secretaries had a greater knowledge of the king's goals and more expertise with state issues than the council's more transient aristocracy. Staff assisted them. Secretaries acquired importance in the 15th and 16th centuries since they resembled full council members.

Geography initially determined secretaries' duties. England's regional allocation—with a secretary of the North and a secretary of the South—persisted until 1782, when home and foreign secretaries were created. By 1789, secretaries of state were shifting from geographical to functional roles.

China's Tang (618-907) and Sung (960-1279) dynasties created the longest-lasting civil service in history. It was established with a centralized administration during the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) (960–1279). It lasted until 1912. Sung-era civil service tests became comprehensive. Three layers of written exams eliminated applicants, with over 100 persons beginning the process for each pass. Although there was a strong focus on the Chinese Classics (because it was believed that familiarity with them helped develop a good citizen's virtues), there was also an effort to create objective and insightful tests for practical abilities, and there were persistent disagreements over the test's subject and methodology. To safeguard candidate anonymity and for unbiased grading, clerks duplicated test papers, applicants were identified only by number, and three examiners assessed each paper. Due to the promotion system's focus on test scores, yearly merit ratings, and the habit of employing numerous lower-level officials from the clerical service, junior relatives might be nominated for bureaucratic positions.

Public administrators collaborate with municipalities to improve society. Public administrators handle nonprofits and all levels of government (local, state, and federal). Public administration uses project and program management, which may be applied to business.

Public administration implements government policies. Today, public administration is thought to influence government policies and efforts. Government acts are planned, organized, directed, coordinated, and supervised.

All governments have public administration. Countries have national, regional, and municipal public administration. Public management is increasingly challenged by intergovernmental relations.

Due to highly trained administrative, executive, and directing courses, public administration has become a distinctive career in most countries. "Civil service" usually refers to public administrators. Since the early 20th century, Americans have recognized public servants as professionals and valued their skills.

Unlike the civil service, the military, courts, and police are full-time state agencies. Scientific or professional civil services give technological aid rather than administrative assistance. Most governments distinguish between civil servants at home and diplomats abroad. Civil servants oversee the state's internal affairs without being political, ministerial, military, or law enforcement.

Most countries exclude local government and public corporations from the civil service. In unitary administrations, province staffs are civil servants. US federal, state, and local governments have civil services, which are public jobs with permanent tenure that are entered via examination. Ashierbenz (talk) 01:19, 29 January 2023 (UTC)


 * Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate Drocj (talk) 07:41, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

Separation of US content into a dedicated article
The history section has already been flagged as being heavily US-weighted, and the US section seems to be twice as long as the rest of the section. I feel it would be more useful to create a dedicated article for "Public administration in the United States" as there is an incredible amount of detail put into the US-specific information that completely overshadows the general information and honestly makes it a pain to read for a general reader not interested in US-specific information. Wind Orange (talk) 03:12, 15 April 2024 (UTC)