Talk:R&D intensity

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This page was created from the list of requested articles older than 1 year. I personally have know knowledge of this subject, but started an article that for the moment contains only a simple definition. A more knowledgable wikipedian should add more information to this page. If no additional information exists, than I suggest deletion of this page Creamypeanutbutter (talk) 23:51, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Edits of this day
I did a thorough edit, starting with checking sources. I have begun improving the lead (moving the key cited definition sentence up into it), but have noted via a tag that it is not in good shape.

Created Definition and aims section, moving some content into the main body with citations, so the lead and main body could evolve separately, the latter with full citations for all new added content.

Finally, I corrected and completed opening many of the citations appearing as a part of the citation review, noting issues, inline, as I went. (quotes with 20 pp citation breadth, reliance on primary research articles for definitions and basic facts, etc.).

All for today. Le Prof 50.240.131.212 (talk) 18:41, 13 October 2015 (UTC)

Dr. Venturini's comment on this article
Dr. Venturini has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

""R&D intensity has been defined as "the ratio of expenditures by a firm on research and development to the firm's sales."

I would suggest "R&D intensity has been defined as "the ratio of expenditures by a firm on research and development to the firm's sales. R&D intensity at industry level can be measured the as ratio between R&D expenses and value added (or gross output). At country level, R&D intensity can be defined as the ratio between R&D expenditure and GDP "

"and is a metric that can be used to gauge the level of a company's investment to spur innovation"

I would say: "and is an index that can be used to gauge the level of a company's investment in formal and codified innovation aimed at spurring patenting performance, sales due to innovative products, etc (i.e. innovation output).""

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Venturini has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:


 * Reference : Aristei, David & Sterlacchini, Alessandro & Venturini, Francesco, 2015. "The effects of public supports on business R&D: firm-level evidence across EU countries," MPRA Paper 64611, University Library of Munich, Germany.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 18:25, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Venturini's comment on this article
Dr. Venturini has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

""R&D intensity has been defined as "the ratio of expenditures by a firm on research and development to the firm's sales."

I would suggest "R&D intensity has been defined as "the ratio of expenditures by a firm on research and development to the firm's sales. R&D intensity at industry level can be measured the as ratio between R&D expenses and value added (or gross output). At country level, R&D intensity can be defined as the ratio between R&D expenditure and GDP "

"and is a metric that can be used to gauge the level of a company's investment to spur innovation"

I would say: "and is an index that can be used to gauge the level of a company's investment in formal and codified innovation aimed at spurring patenting performance, sales due to innovative products, etc (i.e. innovation output).""

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Venturini has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:


 * Reference : Aristei, David & Sterlacchini, Alessandro & Venturini, Francesco, 2015. "The effects of public supports on business R&D: firm-level evidence across EU countries," MPRA Paper 64611, University Library of Munich, Germany.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 18:26, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Cozza's comment on this article
Dr. Cozza has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"The overall meaning of the article is poor. While main references to R&D are correct (the Frascati Manual is the international standard for R&D statistics), and also the distinction of R&D intensity at the firm level (e.g. dividing R&D by turnover or sales or value added) vs. at the country level (the typical R&D/GDP ratio), there are other issues. 1) Among sectors: it is NOT that "R&D intensity differs between sectors": high-tech etc. It is the other way round: the OECD classification of high-medium-low tech sectors DERIVES from the average R&D intensity of those sectors (see, among others, chapter 6 in the Oxford Handbook of Innovation, 2005). 2) The overall structure of the article is a bit fuzzy. Also the introduction, for instance, mixes sentences related to R&D intensity and sentences related to R&D itself; e.g. the last one: A further aim of R&D spending, ultimately, is to increase productivity (e.g., factor productivity) as well as an organization's salable output. 3) In my view, the article might be shortened and put as a section of the "R&D" article."

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

We believe Dr. Cozza has expertise on the topic of this article, since he has published relevant scholarly research:


 * Reference : Michele Cincera & Claudio Cozza & Alexander Tubke, 2010. "Drivers and policies for increasing and internationalising R&D activities of EU MNEs," JRC-IPTS Working Papers on Corporate R&D and Innovation 2010-02, Institute of Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 16:40, 2 August 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Toivanen's comment on this article
Dr. Toivanen has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"1. original: Research and development intensity or simply R&D intensity, is generally defined as expenditures by a firm on its research and development (R&D) divided by the firm's sales. rewrite as: Research and development intensity or simply R&D intensity, is generally defined as expenditures by a firm on its research and development (R&D) divided by the firm's sales, or as the national R&D expenditures divided by the GDP of the nation or other entity.

2. original: There are two types of R&D intensive, calculated as follows rewrite: There are two R&D intensities, calculated as follows

3. original: are characterized by the highest R&D intensity rewrite: are characterized by a high R&D intensity

4. delete: In fact, R&D intensity could be used as the sole indicator to identify high-tech sectors.[6]"

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

We believe Dr. Toivanen has expertise on the topic of this article, since he has published relevant scholarly research:


 * Reference : Takalo, Tuomas & Tanayama, Tanja & Toivanen , Otto, 2013. "Market failures and the additionality effects of public support to private R&D: Theory and empirical implications," Research Discussion Papers 2/2013, Bank of Finland.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 14:51, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Barge-Gil's comment on this article
Dr. Barge-Gil has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"I think that the section 'Among sectors' should cite the OECD classification. (here the last revision: https://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/48350231.pdf) because it was OECD who developed and diffused this classification.

I would eliminate the part that there are two types of R&D intensity (direct and indirect). I do not think this is a classification usually employed, although it is true that both calculations exist. From a microeconomic point of view, the usual distinction is between internal R&D intensity and external R&D intensity. The former representing R&D investment within the firm and the second representing R&D investement contracted out to other agents.

Finally, I would say something on the difference between research and development. These activities differ in purpose, main features, culture, people involved, and style of management and has different effects and determinants. See, for example: Barge-Gil, A., & López, A. (2015). R versus D: Estimating the differentiated effect of research and development on innovation results. industrial and Corporate Change, 24(1), 93-129."

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

We believe Dr. Barge-Gil has expertise on the topic of this article, since he has published relevant scholarly research:


 * Reference 1: Barge-Gil, Andres & Lopez, Alberto, 2013. "R&D and productivity: In search of complementarity between research and development activities," MPRA Paper 43808, University Library of Munich, Germany.


 * Reference 2: Barge-Gil, Andres & Conti, Annamaria, 2013. "Firm R&D units and outsourcing partners: A matching story," MPRA Paper 44090, University Library of Munich, Germany.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 20:11, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Conte's comment on this article
Dr. Conte has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"1) Research and development intensity or simply R&D intensity, is generally defined as expenditures by a firm on its research and development (R&D) divided by the firm's sales.

I would provide a more general definition at the beginning.

"Research and development intensity or simply R&D intensity, is generally defined as expenditures by a government, higher education institution, business companies and private no-profit organizations on its research and development (R&D) divided by the corresponding economic value denominator (for instance, GDP at the macro-economic level; firm's sales or value added at the micro level).

2) There are two types of R&D intensity: direct and indirect.

There is no explanation of what does that mean"

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

We believe Dr. Conte has expertise on the topic of this article, since he has published relevant scholarly research:


 * Reference : Conte, Andrea & Vivarelli, Marco, 2013. "Succeeding in Innovation: Key Insights on the Role of R&D and Technological Acquisition Drawn from Company Data," IZA Discussion Papers 7671, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 11:34, 22 December 2016 (UTC)