Talk:Rhinovirus

Introduction
HRVs and HEVs were recently merged into one family (picornavirales). This needs to be reflected. Look up the ICTV info on this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sjodenenator (talk • contribs) 16:03, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

It seems like this article could use a "history" section. I read somewhere that the rhinovirus was discovered in England. Revolition (talk) 22:36, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

I have added the history section with info and citations.

 Dishita Bhowmik  07:28, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

Pathogenesis
I do not think the Pathogenesis section in its current form is supported by any credible sources. There is very little evidence in the literature that I have perused which states the common cold "common cold occurs only when the immune system is weakened". In fact, all of the literature I have read indicates that a cold occurs primarily by exposure to a cold virus.

I would like to re-write this section so that it includes more accurate statements and contains more verifiable sources.

Ke6jjj 19:23, 31 May 2006 (UTC)


 * I'm guessing that the intention of that statement is to show that not every exposure to a virus results in infection or disease. But it is quite badly worded and you should go ahead with your improvements, which sound like a very good idea. Opabinia regalis 19:28, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

You are correct, Ke6jjj. HRVs are difficult to build resistance to; with or without a weakened immune system, you are vulnerable to the virus. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sjodenenator (talk • contribs) 16:03, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Zinc treatment
I removed the following text, which was under the "Vaccine" subhead:

But there is a treatment One treatment that has been found to shorten the duration of a cold is zinc. Zinc nasal sprays and lozenges have been proven to shorten the length of a cold from 10- 14 days to 4- 7 days. These sprays act in a very simple manner, they inhibit rhinovirus infection.

The rhinovirus must attach to a certain receptor protein in order for it to cause infection. The binding site on the virus is called the binding pocket. Because of the protein building blocks, zinc is able to bind in the binding pocket of the virus. Therefore, zinc does not leave room for the virus to bind with the receptor protein. And the virus becomes a harmless bundle of protein and RNA.

There are drawbacks to this treatment. For instance, zinc is only effective in preventing rhinoviral infection and therefore will not shorten the length of those colds caused by other viruses (half of all colds). Also, an oral dose of zinc is ineffective. This is because the zinc must come into contact with rhinoviruses to eliminate them, and that will not happen if the zinc is in the bloodstream and the rhinovirus is in the nasal passages.

Reasons:

- No citation.

- Potentially harmful. See the January 2007 issue of Consumer reports, which notes: "studies with animals and case reports suggest that nasal zinc may cause loss of smell, possibly permanent. Last year we unearthed more than 200 complaints to the Food and Drug Administration about an impaired sense of smell, taste, or both after using zinc nasal products."

- Internally contradictory. The first paragraph says that lozenges will shorten the duration of a cold. The last paragraph says that oral zinc is ineffective. 71.100.178.142 14:03, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

While the original text may have been inaccurate, I notice in the wikipedia article for the common cold that zinc lozenges were found to be effective by the Common Cold Unit in the UK, the only effective treatment they found in their history. The citation as given there: Al-Nakib, W; Higgins PG, Barrow I, Batstone G, Tyrrell DA. (December 1987). "Prophylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozenges". J Antimicrob Chemother. 20 (6): 893–901. doi:10.1093/jac/20.6.893. . (linking to http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/6/893 and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3440773)

I think that this piece should be updated to reflect the more accurate information that their double-blind study showed, that zinc gluconate lozenges taken every two hours while awake both reduced the number of rhinoviral infections and the severity/duration of the infections.

Oakling (talk) 16:37, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

I agree, I'd just as soon leave it out. There are a handful of drugs (zinc included; also ginseng and various other herbs) that theoretically can treat rhinovirus infections. Zinc binds the capsid and serves as a selective replication inhibitor of HRV and HEV. That could be discussed if someone takes the time to write it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sjodenenator (talk • contribs) 16:03, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Vandalism of this page
Note someone is vandalizing this page. I have reverted it back.

wives' tale truth
so the wives' tale has some sort of merit? "if you get cold... you'll catch your death," aka run around in the winter, and your nasopharynx gets cold this is a better temperature for the rhino virus to replicate at because it does not replicate well above 37 degrees Celsius?? 207.151.230.114 00:53, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Serotype
Should the section on vaccines not link to Serovar instead of Serotype? Zain Ebrahim (talk) 13:32, 18 February 2009 (UTC)


 * I'm certainly no expert, but based on sources like, , and I suspect those two articles should be merged. Kingdon (talk) 16:21, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Difference between a virus and a rhinovirus?
The article does not identify the difference between a virus and a rhinovirus. 71.34.169.53 (talk) 03:41, 3 May 2011 (UTC)RemainGermane


 * Rhinovirus is a virus... it's like the difference between a gray whale and a whale. Francescogmc (talk) 01:20, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

In other animals
I'd like to read more about rhinoviruses and their effect in animals other than man. I have heard about the common cold being potentially lethal to chimpanzees and very harmful to horses (equestrian sports events being postponed whenever the virus pops up), but I can't find anything about it on Wikipedia. Steinbach (talk) 11:10, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Prevention
Why does this section talk about soap with antimicrobial agents? There is a reason no one has produced a citation here. This is a virus. Antimicrobial soaps are no better in combating virus than non-antimicrobial soap. Better to talk about when and how to wash with soaps.

Inadequate article
This is too small, people need to add more about the common types, growing in cultures etc. Insufficient for the worlds most common viral infection.
 * Welcome and we would love to have you begin :-) Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 01:11, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

Review
... in CMR 10.1128/CMR.00077-12 JFW &#124; T@lk  22:37, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

Prevention
Prevention section is rather true. It is common knowledge. Does it really need any resources? If so, where do I put a few websites that say the exact same thing!

Ivan Zarco (talk) 14:59, 11 January 2017 (UTC)Ivan Zarco

Allergic rhinitis
If rhinoviruses are ever called "allergic rhinitis", that sounds like an error! Allergic rhinitis is what my physician writes when I have hay fever!47.147.122.75 (talk) 18:15, 3 April 2017 (UTC)


 * Removed mention of allergic rhinitis suggesting they are one and the same.  General Ization  Talk   18:20, 3 April 2017 (UTC)

Number of serotypes
The first sentence of the second paragraph states that there are "There are 99 recognized types of human rhinoviruses that differ according to their surface proteins (serotypes)." This is clearly wrong since the number of serotypes stated lower in the article already exceeds 140. The estimate of 99 most likely only takes account of Rhinovirus A and B (the count of a few years ago). In 2006 Rhinovirus C was found with around 60 serotypes. For people who don't believe me, see recent (long read) article in the Guardian ( https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/oct/06/why-cant-we-cure-the-common-cold ). They quote 160 serotypes. JRB-Europe (talk) 10:51, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

I've cited the ICTV page that defines the complete list and updated to the current count of around 165. Perhaps trying to keep the numbers here up to date is silly? Note I also cited the official 2020 nomenclature paper which says the use of the term "serotype" is obsolete since it's genetics that now determine typing, not antibody response. RByers (talk) 05:12, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

pls explain cofounders - so the article is not just for the scientific reader
"Rhinovirus C, unlike the A and B species, may be able to cause severe infections.[6] This association disappears after controlling for confounders.[7]". i cant really make anything of this, esp the 2nd sentence. 89.134.199.32 (talk) 20:15, 9 December 2018 (UTC).

" ... Duly, amongst infants infected ...".
Why is the word "Duly" there? It seems to make no sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:E448:D401:F5B8:5271:2EAB:102A (talk) 08:42, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

environmental niche/ where it does survive before infection
Hi, looking for a particular point of information: the environmental niche of the virus, eg: when it is not replicating within the nose of a human, where does it reside/survive in the environment. In other words: is there at this point (of human/scientific process of studying rhinovirus(es)) anything known/hypothesysed about the living/reproductive cycle of this virus, whether there is some other place where it can come from when I get infected by it, than a fellow human's nose? If it is not known/not studied well enough, I would still suggest to include a subsection to the article to clarify it, so that the reader may know for themselves whether it is omitted from the article for the lack of available data, or simply because the article is not yet fully developed. 80.99.38.119 (talk) 18:56, 25 December 2021 (UTC).

history... of taxonomy
It must be my bad, but under the history section i kind of have expected something like the evolutionary history of the virus. Now the current history section is clearly not that; it is a history of first isolation and subsequent naming, therefore this would be better placed under the taxonomy section as a subsection of the taxonomical history. Just a suggestion though. Also would like to suggest to use some template (hopefuly there is one such thing available) for all biology related articles, with a standardized "list points to be covered" in an article. (Yes, evolutionary history and known ecological niche would be two points to be touched upon.) 80.99.38.119 (talk) 21:15, 25 December 2021 (UTC).

Wiki Education assignment: Virology 2022
— Assignment last updated by FloeEdge (talk) 04:13, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

Update since covid
Rigorous handwashing hasn't led to a drop in cases. With improved in understanding of aerosols, does the article need to be updated? 159.142.0.107 (talk) 19:49, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

There is no test for Rhinovirus for public to buy in any country (?), so how can we be sure what has happened to rhinovirus cases after more handwashing?

91.159.186.9 (talk) 14:47, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

temperature, transmission
I'd like to suggest looking at the German article for some more info/references on transmission (fomites vs. aerosols), and on preferred temperature (replication). In particular, note that within the English article, there are discrepancies: in the introductory sentences, higher temperatures are mentioned than in the section on pathogenesis, which almost statest the opposite. References are needed. Just recently I read an article (I think on CNN) that pointed to research on "cold noses" in winter. 77.189.55.188 (talk) 06:47, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

If one has common cold, can one buy a test that says one has a RhinoVirus infection?
I haven't found such test here in Finland, but it would be interesting to know can one buy such test in some other country of the world? A home test for RhinoVirus? A test at pharmacy? A test at medical doctor?

91.159.186.9 (talk) 14:44, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

At least some Rhinovirus strains give protection against flu and covid-19 !
Wikipedia says:

"It (RhinoVirus) has the ability, in milder(?) infections, to promote antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract against other viruses such as Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19.[33]

33 = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8778310/

"4.3. Viral Interference—RV Protection from Viral Illnesses Caused by Other Respiratory Viruses"

My questions:

1) Is there a test for rhinovirus infection? How can a consumer know he/she/they has a rhinovirus infection? By buying a test for it?

2) For how long does this protection last?

If one is infected by the same rhinovirus monthly, is one protected forever? One could put tissues contaminated with rhinovirus in a freezer and unfreeze a tissue every month to get a "nasal vaccination"?

91.159.186.9 (talk) 15:31, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

Fixing novel antiviral drugs section (and others)
I'm looking to significantly improve and expand upon this article - I've already made a few major changes to update information to reflect current literature since some of it was outdated by more than a decade, particularly clinical trials. Since I've been making a lot of edits, I figured I'd check to see if anyone agrees with the further proposed edits?


 * 1) Remove final paragraph on N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors since this is a primary source and doesn't appear to be in clinical development.
 * 2) Split "Transmission and epidemiology" into two sections.
 * 3) Add a section on immunology, particularly its interactions with other respiratory viruses since "Viral Interference" as mentioned by the above user has good research support.
 * 4) Potentially add section on "Role in asthma" - rhinovirus is well known to be connected with later development of asthma (if it results in wheezing in infants) and is one of the most common causes of asthma exacerbations.

Any other recommended changes from anyone else? My main expertise relies on the immunology and epidemiology front of this work, but I could use some help on the virology and molecular biology side. WalkEFelix (talk) 16:53, 29 December 2023 (UTC)