Talk:Shebaa Farms/Archive 1

Comments
If I understand this correctly:


 * Lebanon claims that the land is part of Lebanon.
 * Syria claims it's part of Lebanon.
 * Israel claims it's part of Syria.

&mdash;Ashley Y 12:37, 2005 Apr 30 (UTC)

Not exactly. Israel claims that it used to be part of Syria but that it was annexed to Israel as part of the Golan Heights. --Zero 13:12, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)


 * Except that Israel hasn't actually used the A-word for its occupation of the Golan. &mdash;Ashley Y 21:06, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no occupation of the golan. It is a Jewish land which was annexed by the Israeli Parliament. It's been for Syria's rule for only 21 years... "syrian land", pggh. Amoruso 02:06, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

The Golan Heights is a part of israel (not conquered area like the west bank) almost 40 years, and if insist to paint it in other color on the map it is your problem. About the Shbea farms - it is not more than a small hill with abandoned farms. Nobody really intresting in it, it's only an excuse that Hizballa used  to justify his terror, not more than thet.


 * Except that Syria does not claim that Shebaa Farms are part of Lebanon. As the articles says: The Syrian government has yet to officially reverse its long-standing position that the area is part of Syria.  For what it's worth, the Farms appear to be in Syria in this Syrian Ministry of Tourism map. Fufthmin 13:42, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

A wonderful situation:
Globally spoken:

- Israel says the farms are in Syria (belonging to the Golan territory)

- Syria says the farms are in Lebanon (not belonging to the Golan)

- Lebanon agrees with whatever Syria says

Since year 2000, Lebanon has no other conflict with Israel. Therefore:

- Israel can launch small attacks on the farms, pretending to attack Syria

- Syria claims that the Israeli are attacking Lebanon, and justifies its presence as a protector

- Lebanon agrees with whatever Syria pretends

This is a highly practical situation for a lot of people:

- It keeps an open scene as a “war theatre” consisting in regular rockets attacks and replies, heavily reported through the media.

- It avoids any peace process between Israel and Lebanon, and therefore maintains Lebanon in the centre of any potential new conflict.

It has the immense advantage to keep the war to a very small territory, somewhat a training camp. It allows young Hezbollah extremists to train on their new rockets, Syrians to protect Lebanon and stay in open war against Israel, Israelis to test their new equipment, and the media to have something to show.

Why should a peace process disturb such a wonderful situation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chris65 (talk • contribs) 11:56, 14 May 2005


 * IMHO this is basically right. Everybody likes the situation.  IIRC, the UN's hands are sort of bound because Syria refuses to formally provide the appropriate documents to the UN that would back up its own, Syria's case that the farms are part of Lebanon, which is probably after all correct, but the Syrians only want to pretend to be saying this, preferring to have the fighting go on like everybody else.  Might ask some people who are more knowledgeable about this than me and put it in the article someday.--John Z 20:11, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)


 * Apparently the person who wrote this highly cynical 'analysis' is not at all aware of the real situation there. Israel is not "launching small attacks on the farms, pretending to attack Syria". First Shebaa Farms is now effectively inside Israel, since it is part of the annexed Golan Heights. Secondly Israel is not attacking the area (remember it is effectively part of Israel at the moment). Thirdly there are no farms there at the moment. As far as I know it is a military area only. Fourth, it is rather silly to assume Israel would be interested in attacking Syria as suggested above ("...pretending to attack Syria"). If Israel would attack Syria there would be full-scale war. Israel has not attacked Syria since the Yom Kippur war of 1973. S-o-W 25 Oct 2006


 * ...excluding the toasting of a certain nuclear facility in the Syrian desert. Frunobulax (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 15:05, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Ancient developments:
Why doesn't someone have the French maps which were used to divide Syria and Lebanon into two bits, to more effectively control them by carving off a Christian majority country? Wouldn't that make more sense than maps produced in more recent times? —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoshNarins (talk • contribs) 22:02, 12 June 2006


 * Even better, and a lot more ancient, try using GoogleEarth: start from the famous & northernmost Israeli kibbutz, currently labeled on GoogleEarth as "Qiryat Shemons", tilting the map so that you are standing on the ground at the kibbutz looking up at the hills all around -- easy, then, to see that the "Shebaa Farms" area, now so-called, which is high on the western slopes of Mt. Hermon, overlooks the much lower and richer farming valley in which "Qiryat Shemons" is located, physically & strategically & tactically. By far the highest (4-5000ft) & nearest (10 miles) strategic location to the farming valley... Great place, then, for invaders or even just impoverished local mountain herders to look down, with envy &/or anger -- also to lob rockets, mount invasions, conduct raids, recover lands you believe belong to you & not to "them", etc. -- upon the wealthy folks on the farms down below.


 * That's what probably has been going in that particular spot for millennia -- since long before "Israel & Syria & Lebanon", or even "Islam & Christianity & Judaism", like most things Middle Eastern -- since the Neolithic, at least. Geography is everything: it's about the olive trees...


 * --Kessler 18:50, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Can you make a google earth view of the farms a link? That would be interesting ......

--Epeefleche 20:04, 29 July 2006 (UTC)


 * Good idea. I've added it.


 * --Kessler 20:41, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

It is really cool! Really gives a good perspective. I was thinking that a picture of the area now might be a good add, but could not find an appropriate one. The area is pretty desolate, and the phrase farms gives a connotation than is different from the sense one gets from a photograph. If you can, and can add it, that would be helpful ....


 * Glad you like it! :-) I saw the pix of the area available via Google: the only two there which appear relevant both are CNN, and we'd never get GNU license etc. permissions from them... :-( But there must be some mountaineering / hiking / geophysical source no longer in copyright or which might grant permission: Mt. Hermon has been hiked over / fought over for a long time.


 * Alpine photography, though, is an art -- even moreso "foothills" photograpy, such as this would be at only 6000ft. elev. -- really tough getting the shot not just to show "things too far away" or "things too close-up" -- also to show local conditions well, as highlands agricultural terrain can be very healthy and productive, in fact, altho not when contrasted, in the shot or in the viewer's mind, to lowlands lush farming -- think of farming in Peru, or in Tibet...


 * So I would guess that unless some agronomist got up there, well before the most recent wars, and photographed the area intensively with an eye on its "farming" rather than on its "missiles, incoming & outgoing" -- there are several of the latter, on the Web, but they're not the point -- then we won't find fotos. Maybe some 1920s-1930s agro-economics book, or mountaineering: it really does look like a beautiful view, down that steep canyon toward Kiryat Shemona, doesn't it -- someone must have visited and photographed it. But they'd have to be ok on permissions. If you come across print references which might contain fotos pls post those here. I'll hunt for some links.


 * --Kessler 22:51, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Interesting again: the Mount Hermon article right here on Wikipedia offers a foto of Israel's Mt. Hermon ski resort in action in winter: "near Neve Ativ" it says, which must be pretty close to Sheba'a Farms. GoogleEarth says the Neve Ativ / Sheba'a Farms / Mt. Hermon "false" summit (where the snow is) triangle is only a matter of 4-6 crowflies miles in each distance: this is a tiny area, we're talking about -- so maybe fotos of anything in the area might be indicative, too, of how agricultural or non- Sheba'a Farms really is. I'll bet not very.. Altho still that's not the point, when it comes to mountain agriculture: and politically it's like I said originally here, it's not so much what you have to farm it's what the other guy down the valley has, which counts.

But at least someone has "thought skiing", about this region: the Israelis -- the Syrians, too, per a link in that article to the following from 2005 -- although the latter may be more near the "real" Mt. Hermon summit, higher and further north -- the linked article isn't clear.

So, Sheba'a Farms regional development might go in a "ski resort" direction: wealthy Israelis, Syrians up from Damascus, one day Beirut jetsetters driving over the hills from Saida... city folks and their money... Like the ancient water-fights, "not the first time" -- in this case recently, anyway -- goatherders and sheepherders traded in their milking stools for McJobs in ski resorts. I suppose I'd personally prefer a "modern dairy" development, and some schools, but I'll bet the Sheba'a locals wouldn't: the kids there would jump at the "ski resort" option, probably -- like kids in Bali wanting to leave paradise for Jakarta's hellhole money.

Not my choice, tho: the sort of thing which will bail out the "Sheba'a Farms issue" to me does seem economic -- get those ski resorts built, maybe in addition to that modern dairy and those schools, and the herders up there won't have to look down that long canyon toward wealthy Kiryat Shemona and envy them, any more. It's not about "holy writ" it's about the money...

--Kessler 23:21, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Trying to mislead readers.
The whole article is a big media fraud. It is undisputable matter of fact that Sheeba Farms currently is a piece of occupied arab land held by jewish army. That is the only important matter. Therefore Israel should retreat from there, because no country on earth recognizes israeli grab of arab lands. When israel left Sheeba Farms, Lebanon and Syria will decide themselves which arab state it belongs toand jews have no say in that, because they are not arabs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.70.48.242 (talk • contribs) 15:41, 14 July 2006


 * Your posting does not make much sense, to me. Your emotive terms, such as "undisputable" and "matter of fact" and "occupied" and "arab land" and "jewish army", indicate not too much room for discussion with others: there are plenty of long-standing controversies involved, in all of this, and if you simply assert your own unsubstantiated opinion, indicating no willingness to discuss, you just are talking to yourself.

It doesn't make much sense to you because you are apparently totally unbiased - the simple thrust of the message is - "It aint yours so leave."


 * Shebaa Farms, to me, is a fascinating example of the general dilemma of the Middle East. I can see arguments favoring not only two sides, involved in its controversy, but several. And, as I just indicated above, I can see a very long history to the controversy in this specific region: one based simply upon its geography, and long antedating the current national and religious actors -- in other words I would bet folks have been fighting over this place for millennia, giving all sorts of "reasons" for doing so.


 * If you would like to add some detail, then, showing specifically where there is "fraud" in the article, I encourage you to list some. Cite sources, too -- you don't cite any, in what you just said -- and sign your postings, so the rest of us will know who you are. This is an interesting article, and people are dying over it today as we discuss it here: to me it seems worth taking more seriously than you have -- mildly interesting that you have the opinions you've expressed, but now explain and substantiate them!


 * --Kessler 16:58, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

This looks like part of a play - the US citizens are the gullible audience. More politics than war. Whenever the foreign funds are drying up Israel, Lebanon, Hezbollah, etc can stir up a little whirlwind and get some cash/attention flowing their way. This is better than having a real economy. Great way to turn a buck for all sides. I vote for leaving these guys - from the Mediterrean to India - alone till they immigrate to some place with jobs and water. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.105.80.92 (talk • contribs) 17:45, 14 July 2006

I've seen much better presentations of Lebanon's case for sovereignty over the Shebaa Farms area. It's my impression the article is slick propaganda, like so much writing about Zionism, especially the more accessible, publicly visible aspects like Wikip, vulnerable to Zionist activism. The Zionists are passionately eager and highly focused and furiously energetic, their opponents only beginning to approach that level. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.212.54.105 (talk • contribs) 12:49, 15 July 2006


 * You're still not signing your articles... And you're not convincing anybody, with this sort of close-minded rhetoric: if you truly are interested in persuading others to agree with your point of view, I suggest once again that you provide some reasoning and substantiation -- otherwise, the above posting as well as your previous have a POV problem, contrary to Wikipedia policy and counter-productive to your own position, and I'd suggest that you save your breath.


 * What is happening right now in Lebanon and Israel -- and Syria and Gaza -- is no "play". People are dying. And yes some US citizens may be gullible, but then a great many are not. Certaintly this situation is more politics than war -- all wars are -- but the point surely must be to stop the war and let politics decide issues instead? So how do we do this, in the present situation? I don't think your "vote" of "a pox on both houses" is realistic or realizable or particularly mature, and neither is your sarcasm about "better than having a real economy". There is more to this than money, I am sure: religion, history, language, sovereignty, pride, at least.


 * Your reasonable suggestions for specific rewrites, of specific sections of this Shebaa Farms article, would interest me very much. Why don't you post one here? If we could discuss it, perhaps we might come up with a better-balanced POV for the article than it currently has, if it is as biased as you say it is...


 * I am sure that "the Zionists", if by this you mean the Israelis -- there are Zionists elsewhere, after all, and I am not sure that all Israelis are Zionists nowadays -- are "eager & focused & energetic", as you suggest. But others among the rest of us are, too. The Israelis' opponents in the current mess, for example; also an awful lot of folks, likewise in the "pox on both your houses camp" but who don't exactly say that out loud, in the rest of the world, who would like the various angry folks in this particular tiny region simply to get along with one another and stop causing headaches for the rest of us.


 * So, a better or at least better-balanced version of some section of the article? You write it and post it here, let's discuss it, perhaps we'll post it in the article itself if it will clarify and offer reasonable solutions.


 * --Kessler 21:28, 15 July 2006 (UTC)


 * Specifically, what is "Lebanon's case for sovereignty over the Shebaa Farms area"? You say you have seen "much better presentations" of this: if you have, perhaps you would quote them here in "talk", and provide links & citations? I'd be very interested to see them, myself, and I expect others would be interested as well. The article has been amended extensively, recently, to show what appears to be a plausible rationale for the current legal status of Shebaa Farms: if you can formulate some contradictory rationale, or have seen it elsewhere, that would be very interesting to read.


 * --Kessler 21:41, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Just to note, the first external link, which is by, apparently, a Lebanese Christian emigré who really really hates the Syrians, and basically thinks the whole Shebaa Farms issue is a bogus one created by Syria to continue to enmesh Lebanon in the Arab-Israeli conflict and prevent Lebanon from becoming truly independent, also seems to believe that the Farms are properly part of Lebanon, although they were taken over by the Syrians in the 50s. The guy is basically speaking against interest, since his point is that the whole issue is basically bogus, so presumably a more sympathetic case could be found. john k 08:24, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Possible Tendentious Interlocutor.
I think Mr. Kessler might be playing a "debate game". You know the sort, the one where you are asked to explain everything, with bibliographical references, etc, while Mr. Kessler steers the debate. His preference for the Israeli position is all too apparent. These days, people who voice opinions against Israel get their names taken, so careful people do not get into such debates. This Shebaa farms article is rubbish, the land is Lebanese because the Mandate era maps lodged in Paris say so. But as everyone with half a brain knows, Israel writes its own borders with the gun and the bomb, so maps and international law count for nothing, and debate about maps is meaningless. 203.110.29.3 04:35, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Hmmmm.. Must be missing something. First I've heard about such Mandate era maps lodged in Paris. --Epeefleche 20:02, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Interesting. And as to the emotive & ad hominem previous posting, well, no I am not playing a "debate game", or any sort of game, and I resent the implication. I just am asking questions, here: qua US citizen I have to vote, about these things -- and Israel and Lebanon and apparently all of their neighbors, and perhaps we in the US ourselves, once again have dragged all of us into a nasty regional and potentially global conflict -- so I'd like to know what I'm talking about, before I vote.

I have no preference for "the Israeli position", as you put it, nor any for the positions of Hezbollah or Lebanon or Iran or any of the other current actors in this ancient mess. It does appear to me, as I indicated above and as you yourself suggest, 203.110.29.3, that the issues involved go far back, to very ancient history and even further to simple geographic reality, all from way before any of the above entities even were invented; so that yes the Shebaa farms "issue" may be rubbish -- if not the article here, which I find very useful -- but then so are "Mandate era maps" now somewhat irrelevant, whether or not "lodged in Paris" as you say, also Lebanese and Syrian and Israeli territorial claims, and the rest. We do appear to be in an arena of naked power claims and assertions, then: you and I do not disagree about this, perhaps.

That said, though, what do we do now? I don't agree with your "maps and international law count for nothing": some people find historical maps persuasive, so their use in the current debates at least plays some role even if those do not persuade you and me -- negotiation being all about persuasion -- and international law in fact is in operation as we discuss this, unless you can offer some better umbrella concept for the political processes which inevitably, once again, are going to resolve all of this? No it's not just "power relations" -- your "Israel writes its own borders with the gun and the bomb" -- you may believe this if you are on some other side than Israel's, but then the Israelis justifiably will believe that of you and your position, too -- "power relations" is an unhelpful term.

There is more to international law than just statutes and police -- "soft power", the negotiating and pressure-politics and back-alley horse-trading -- all under way frantically now, as the world readjusts to the new political reality that region just has dumped on the rest of us once again. I'd much rather we were paying attention to Darfur instead right now, personally, and to "Iraq" and "Iran" and "North Korea" and "global warming" and "AIDS" and "Africa" and other more important priorities, but it seems once again "the Middle East" has grabbed the headlines....

As long as we're stuck with settling this latest "Middle East" blowup, though, how about some constructive suggestions? If you think the Sheba'a Farms issue is "rubbish", as you say, what might be your own suggestions, then, for resolving some of the deep passions which that issue nevertheless appears to engender, in Israelis and Lebanese and Syrians and Hezbollah and the rest? If not historical or cartographic, do you agree with my own thought that "Sheba'a Farms" may be nothing more than basic geography?

I've never been there, but it seems to me just judging from GoogleEarth that any herder -- i.e. regardless of religion, race, history, etc. -- trying to scratch a few garden vegetables from "Sheba'a Farms" soil high on Mt. Hermon might understandably envy the well-irrigated and wealthy farms he apparently can view with his own eye, 'way down at the end of that long canyon, in the fertile plain where Qiryat Shemona now stands... So maybe something more must be done, by someone, to equalize the wealth and opportunity differences which currently exist between the lives of those mountain herders and those of the fertile plain farmers... build a ski lodge? put in a modern dairy farm for the goats? start-up a school in Sheba'a village?... Maybe it would be a very good long-term strategy for the Israelis, in fact, to do this -- at first indirectly, maybe -- one far better, for them as for others, than just periodic warfare. So, what do you think?

--Kessler 21:39, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

ps. And of course understood about the need-for-anonymity point you make above -- nobody wants anyone's "names taken" in a wartime situation, on either or any "side" -- my only real objection comes when anonymity is used as a cover for simple vilification, so if the latter can be avoided I guess I have no objection to anonymity, here.

Watershed
Are the Sheeba Farms the headwaters of some watershed? If so the owners of such obtain a considerable clout in any court. Water is a frequent unspoken issue in Middle East to dos - ie the Golan is mostly ( entirely ) about who has the Sea of Galilee and about 50% of the water Israel uses, etc. PS Kesseller should read the Torah - sections on coverting and stealing - maybe that would be "undisputed" enough for the wiki crowd..


 * I think the watershed and the plentiful supplies of water in the area are important issues, but I've not tracked down a clear and authorative source on this; I'm not sure the farms are a headwater. seems a good quick summary, and the Model United Nations of the University of Chicago reference says the watershed of the region was used to draw a “natural border” between Syria and Lebanon, and did not take into account the land ownership of the residents, who now owned land on both sides of the border.  (page 5). Prof. Judith Palmer Harik says "The Shebaa Farms constitute a major reservoir for the water of Mount Hermon,", but that could be POV. Rwendland 17:23, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

The Torah wouldn't convince me, on this point, any more than the Koran or the Bible or the Vedas would: the "water" does, though -- wouldn't be the first time a fight over water made it into "holy writ"... Mt. Hermon is the water source for all of the region, isn't it -- 9230 feet, one online source says, and the view from the summit via GoogleEarth (GeoRef for the summit looks like it's: 33|20|01.45|N,35|47|36.73|E(GoogleEarth), and GoogleEarth says it's only 7723 ft. elev.) makes the point dramatically -- certainly the water source for both the Beka'a Valley and the entire Jordan Valley, anyway?

If so and as such well then, yeah, I can see people fighting over that, for millennia, in such an arid region. My point above being that more practical suggestions for the resolution of regional problems have to do with "water" than they do with "holy writ": solve the "water" problem -- the way they're beginning to, and cooperatively even, down south in Wadi al Arabah -- and then maybe some new "holy writ" can get written. But while folks in the region simply are wedded rigidly to their old texts they're just living in the past, and in their ancient animosities... It's about desalinization and sharing: then there won't be so much "coveting and stealing", maybe.

Yup - water's involved. Check out http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-fg-litani10aug10,1,3878441.story and http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/717FD283-592E-44BA-8A22-9D46B441C304.htm. Funny how the wikipedia article on Shebaa Farms calls it a worthless barren area...au contraire...Search on google for Shebaa Farms and Water and you'll see what it's all about.

--Kessler 21:55, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Further investigation of Mt. Hermon reveals "false" and "true" summits -- like Everest -- the one pointed out in the link above is "false" but looks like it houses the actual headwaters for both Sheba'a Farms and that canyon leading down to Kiryat Shemona & Israel, also for the Jordan valley, also to some extent maybe for the Beka'a Valley on the other side. But the ridge then descends a bit, toward the northeast, and then re-ascends to the "true" summit, at 33|24|46.50|N,35|51|18.21|E(GoogleEarth), which clearly waters the Beka'a: it's this latter summit that's 9000+ feet high. Someone who knows more about watersheds pls comment?

--Kessler 22:17, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

United Nations UN Security Council Resolution 425
Fromt the text: ''Israel's view is that the area is not covered by United Nations UN Security Council Resolution 425 that governs its withdrawal from southern Lebanon. That resolution asks for Israel to withdraw from Lebanon according to the line its forces were positioned at before the May 14, 1978 invasion. (See: Blue Line)''

The resolution does not refer to the line but it:

1-Calls for strict respect for the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized boundaries;

2-Calls upon Israel immediately to cease its military action against Lebanese territorial integrity and withdraw forthwith its forces from all Lebanese territory;

So this Wikipedia statement appears to be misleading. Am I missing something? Herne nz 09:22, 27 July 2006 (UTC)


 * I think the difficulty is getting from that principle in 425 to an agreed line. Does the Secretary-General's report on the implementation of 425 clarify this: "There seems to be no official record of an international boundary agreement between Lebanon and Syria ... The United Nations stressed ... it was not seeking to establish an international border, as this was a matter for States to undertake in accordance with international law and practice. Rather, the United Nations was requesting the help of the parties and others in the purely technical exercise of identifying a line for the purpose of confirming compliance with resolution 425 (1978). Whatever line the United Nations uses will be without prejudice to future border agreements between the Member States concerned." Rwendland 18:35, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

After all is said and done the Israeli army decides where the line is - the UN acts dumb. With some more missiles - antiaircraft included please - Hezbollah would be able to draw a line that would satisfy Israel.

Resolution 242
Changes as follows

the ownership of which is disputed by Lebanon, though the UN and Israel consider the matter closed.

No - the matter is still subject to Resolution 242 The controversy is whether the land belongs to Israel, which conquered it from Syria with the rest of the Golan Heights in the Six Day War of 1967, or rather to Lebanon.

No - the question is whether the land is part of Syria occupied by Israel or part of Lebanon occupied by Israel

It consists of a dozen or so abandoned farms

No - abandoned implies the owners voluntarily left. These farmers were dispossesed.

Herne nz 09:28, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

I see your points. On 1, I meant to say that the UN and Israel view the matter (the matter being Lebanon's claim) as closed. Perhaps you can fix, saying that in a way that you prefer.

On 2, How about, "The controversy is as follows. Lebanon since 2000 has claimed that the land belongs to Lebanon, and Israel should vacate it in accordance with the UN resolution on withdrawal from Lebanon.  The UN and Israel do not view Lebanon as having any legitimate claim to the land, which Israel has occupied since it conquered it from Syria in the Six Day War of 1967.


 * The only qualm I have is that it pre-judges the issue by declaring the Shebaa Farms to be captured from Syria. I would prefer from Syria to be removed - especially if this is put forward as the UN position. Other than that, it is a good statement of the position. Herne nz 03:45, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If the Farms were indeed captured from Syria, would that not be consistent with NPOV? I don't see the language as being prejudical in any way. Knave75 22:36, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Makes sense to me. --Epeefleche 22:57, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

On 3, am OK with getting rid of the word abandoned. BTW, it appears that the # of farms is 14. --Epeefleche 20:00, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Surrounding Villages
Does anyone have a sense for what the 3 closest villages/town are to the area, from each of the 3 countries that border it? Sheba, however one spells it, is I imagine the answer for Lebanon. Though I don't know how far away it is. And I couldn't easily find an answer for Syria and Israel.


 * Best map I have found is University of Texas. Closest village in the Golan Heights looks to be Majdal Shams, also here, about seven km away. In Israel, looks to be Qiryat Shemona. Straight distance may not tell the whole story, as this is mountain country. Herne nz 04:19, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks.

--Epeefleche 02:00, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

cleanup
This third paragraph does not make sense to me, what has it to do with the Shebaa Farms area? ''On March 11, 1978 members of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) infiltrating from Lebanon massacred of civilians riding in an Israeli bus in the Tel Aviv area. 37 Israelis were killed, 76 injured, and an American nature photographer whom the Fedayeen came across as they landed on an Israeli beach was murdered --See Coastal Road Massacre. This attack was, however, just the latest and most deadly in a string of attacks launched from Lebanese territory. Still, it served as the immediate trigger for the Israeli Operation Litani against PLO bases in Lebanon three days later.''

Also the subsequent paragraphs are distinctly unencyclopedic and need cleanup. I tried some cleanup, but it needs someone familiar with the subject and the UN resolutions. See html comments. -213.219.151.76 11:41, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Here is the connection. As I see it. The article had a string of events, as follows. Israeli invasion of Lebanon. UN Resolution. Israeli response to resolution. Lebanese statement that Israeli response is not sufficient.

What was lacking, it seemed to me, was any mention of what triggered the first above event.


 * If you are going to start down the track of explaining why Israel invaded Lebanon, why not go back a step further and explain why the PLO ended up in Lebanon? Why don't we just give a description of every attack and counter attack since 1948? Herne nz 07:07, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Thoughts? --Epeefleche 16:29, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

I've tried to improve it by streamlining it. --Epeefleche 16:40, 30 July 2006 (UTC) - I agree with comments by User:213.219.151.76 (30 July 2006 ). Encyclopedically the PLO attacks on Israel have nothing to do with an entry that is specific to Shebaa Farms or the Shebaa territorial dispute. On a separate note, the entire Shebaa Farms article is in need of some serious editing, especially with regard to defective syntax in refs. and notes. Bardwell 11:55, 29 August 2006 (UTC) I think it led directly to the fighting that led to the occupation of Lebanon that is the Hezbollah's issue here.

Dubious claims
First the debate over "withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied" means all territories. Where is it? Which country has raised it with the Security Council?

Then "That resolution asked Israel to withdraw from Lebanon according to the line its forces were positioned at before the May 14, 1978 invasion." The direct quote from the Resolution a couple of paragraghs above, UN Security Council Resolution 425 called upon Israel to: "withdraw forthwith its forces from all Lebanese territory." shows the Resolution does not refer to a date. Where is this date coming from?

How can " their evidence was contradicted by all published maps, which showed the area to be within Syria" when a published map on this page shows the area in Lebanon? Herne nz 07:39, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi. Am rushing out to work right now, but thought i might address the last question as it is quickest. no published map on this page shows the area in lebanon.--Epeefleche 15:01, 31 July 2006 (UTC)


 * I was confused about the map, but the text refers to another map showing the area in Lebanon. This is claimed to be a forgery - on what authority? The only reference appears to be an American journalist Nancy Soderberg, who is '"off the record". Are there other opinions on this document? Herne nz 06:50, 1 August 2006 (UTC)


 * Inspect the area in Google Earth, and you will see that Shebaa Farms is defined by a section of the Lebanese/Syrian border that departs from the natural marker of a ridgeline to loop into cultivated land. If the border followed the ridgeline, Shebaa Farms would be in Lebanon.

As to your first query, see the wikipedia entry under "United Nations Security Council Resolution 242" --Epeefleche 22:28, 31 July 2006 (UTC)


 * As I understand it, Israel has decided 'territory' really means 'some territory'. Does not make any sense to me and I can't see the relevance - unless of course you are claiming a unanimous Security Council Resolution backed by a later decision for withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict really meant they could vacate as little or as much as they liked and the area really is part of Israel. Herne nz

As I understand the Resolution 242 issue history, it goes something like this. (And this is a debated issue, but this is the side that you indicated you don't get). Arthur J. Goldberg, an author of U.N. Resolution 242, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations at the time, said: "The notable omissions in regard to withdrawal are the word 'the' or 'all' and 'the June 5, 1967 lines'… the resolution speaks of withdrawal from occupied territories, without defining the extent of withdrawal." - "The Meaning of 242" - June 10, 1977. And Lord Caradon, another author of the resolution, U.K. Ambassador to the United Nations at the time said: "We didn't say there should be a withdrawal to the '67 line; we did not put the 'the' in, we did not say all the territories, deliberately… We all knew – that the boundaries of '67 were not drawn as permanent frontiers, they were a cease-fire line of a couple of decades earlier… We did not say that the '67 boundaries must be forever." -- MacNeil/Lehrer Report – March 30, 1978  And Eugene V. Rostow, U.S. Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs at the time indicated that his view was that:  "Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338… rest on two principles, Israel may administer the territory until its Arab neighbors make peace; and when peace is made, Israel should withdraw to 'secure and recognized borders', which need not be the same as the Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949." "The Truth About 242" - November 5, 1990 --Epeefleche 19:59, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Can someone please help me understand the following : israel does not consider shebaa farms israeli land, so if it considered ( by israel)lebanese land that justifies Hezbolla's attacks on israel, & if it is considered syrian land that justifies syrian back up for Hezbolla. So how come Israel condemns both, i mean if a country is occupying another countries' land that implies a state of war, or is it that Israel have the right to occupy others land & then ask for peace.

Well ... I think the short answer is that Israel views it as formerly Syrian land. And I believe that Syria is in a state of war with Israel ... let me know if I am wrong. And the resolution requires, among other things, Syria to recognize Israel and territorial border to be determined and all that. But not for either thing to precede the other. I think that Syria hasnt shown any interest in sitting down with Israel to work out that next step in the process.--Epeefleche 19:59, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I believe that in the mid 90's, during Clinton's precidency a peace conferrence was held between the Syrian & Israeli officials, Syria agreed to recognize Israel..etc in return for the Golan heights occupied in 1967, Israel was the one refusing the offer & withdrawing from the summit.

S Farms. Or C Farms. Whatever
There are so many English version names for these farms ... do people think that showing them at the top makes sense, or does it detract from readability to that extent that we should stick the alternatives in the bottom of the article? Thoughts? --Epeefleche 19:59, 1 August 2006 (UTC)


 * Seems silly to me -- obviously there are different spellings in English, but to include all nineteen seems like overkill, especially when they are all so similar. I'd delete them all. Fufthmin 19:49, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

The reason that I think that they are important is for anyone who wants to research them by word search on the internet or otherwise. But perhaps they can simply be moved to the end if no-one disagrees. --Epeefleche 21:50, 2 August 2006 (UTC) Have done so. I think that it streamlines the intro a bit. --Epeefleche 00:10, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean. Better to move them then delete them all, I guess. And you're right that it does streamline the intro. Fufthmin 21:07, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Tx.--Epeefleche 15:50, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Google Earth placemark for Shebaa Farms is wrong
  <Placemark> Google Earth - Shebaa Farms <LookAt id="khLookAt628"> 35.64990707807397    33.25590376667979     2006.772744281386     78.61955657574976     73.5119087892147   </LookAt> <styleUrl>root://styleMaps#default+nicon=0x307+hicon=0x317</styleUrl> <Point id="khPoint629"> 35.64990707807397,33.25590376667979,0  </Point> </Placemark>

If you look at Google Earth, you'll see that the placemark is high on a barren ridge, while below, to the west, there is an odd loop in the border that surrounds some very green and cultivated land.

I don't know how to put in a placemark, so I've pasted what I got from copying mine above.


 * I believe one thing you are trying to do here is to add range and tilt, altho that doesn't appear to work in the link. It's a little misleading, anyway, as it depends where you stand and which way you look: if you are down the hill looking up, to a farmer the view would look pretty bleak -- while if you are at the top of the hill and looking down, to a ski lodge developer the view would look unpromising -- no kidding, ski lodge development already has been done by the Israelis just south of here, and is planned by the Syrians for just northeast...


 * It's more objective, I think, to provide simply a flat latitude and longitude and then let users fiddle with that using their own criteria: the article tells them that this is an area 14km by 2.5km, so once there they'll use the software to "tour around" themselves. The coordinates provided currently in the article's link land them pretty much in the center of the Shebaa Farms 14km x 2.5km strip, per the article's map.


 * The coordinates you suggest, "35.64990707807397,33.25590376667979", appear to indicate land beyond the Shebaa Farms area, moreover, per the article's map anyway []: looks like that is valley land more near al Ghajar(?)(33|16|20.52|N,35|37|26.20|E) in Lebanon, and Senir (33|14|32.32|N,35|40|39.93|E) in Israel, now, than anything close to Shebaa. I do see what you mean by "odd loop", tho: not a part of Shebaa Farms, perhaps, but added in to the "Golan Heights" area when that was defined later on? If not, the article's map needs re-drawing... definitely very different topography, your "odd loop" land vs. the rest, which certainly is highlands and apparently more "barren" but is near Shebaa. I'm sure the legal stuff cited here must shed some light, on the inclusion or not of that "odd loop"?


 * --Kessler 21:20, 5 August 2006 (UTC)


 * Here is a BBC description which appears to exclude the "odd loop" land:


 * The 14 farms are named after the village of Shebaa, on the western slopes of Mount Hermon. They are located to the south of the village, at altitudes ranging from 400 to 2,000 metres (1,300 and 6,500 feet). "In focus: Shebaa farms", BBC (Thursday, 25 May, 2000)


 * The "odd loop" land all is flat valley land at about 700-foot elevations; so the BBC does appear to be describing, as "Shebaa Farms", only the highlands -- which pretty clearly & even dramatically are visible on GoogleEarth, beginning just beyond the road skirting the northeast border of the "odd loop", lands which go abruptly up to about 1,300 feet and then rise gradually northeastward to about 6,500 feet, just as the BBC says. This is also per the article's map. So, no, I believe the "odd loop" must be some later addition, and is not a part of Shebaa Farms... Too far from Shebaa village for farmers there to have claimed them, anyway, against competing claims from towns more nearby the "odd loop", in both Lebanon and Israel... So the article's current georef coordinates land pretty squarely in the middle of the "Shebaa Farms" area as-described by the BBC and I believe should stay.


 * --Kessler 22:00, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

SFarms formerly fertile/productive?
I've just added a "citation needed" to the article as follows --

Its fertile, well-watered farmland formerly produced barley, fruits, and vegetables for 14 farms "citation needed", but is now desolate.

-- because it really would interest me very much to locate old detailed descriptions of the pastoral / agricultural etc. condition and use of the pre-conflict Shebaa Farms area.

A citation certainly is needed in the article, at that point, because of the emotive nature of the subject now: under current political circumstances a bald claim that the area "was productive / now isn't" is too POV without more detail and substantiation. In addition, tho, I'd like a better picture of the Shebaa Farms condition and lifestyle, compared to that of the valley farms down below, to substantiate or refute my own hunch (above) that simple geographic reality has an awful lot to do with these current circumstances... That label "Farms" is either deliberately-accurate or deliberately-misleading, I would think, judging from the area's altitude and climate and the GoogleEarth view of it, anyway. So some dispassionate & detailed agronomic description would help.

--Kessler 20:37, 5 August 2006 (UTC) Farms are a bit of a generalization. These "farms" included pastures, for example.--Epeefleche 06:47, 11 August 2006 (UTC)


 * One cite found in the article ref.s themselves:


 * (Describing a trip by UN special Middle East envoy, Terje Roed-Larsen, in 2000) Roed-Larsen was told that, in addition to the areas occupied in 1978, Israeli forces seized a piece of Lebanese territory during the 1967 Six Day War called the Shebaa Farms, a 25 square kilometer area consisting of 14 farms located south of Shebaa, a Lebanese village on the western slopes of Mount Hermon. Gary C. Gambill. "Syria and the Shebaa Farms Dispute", in <U>Middle East Intelligence Bulletin</U>, volume 3, number 5 (May 2001) [] The MEIB article provides further citations, including Security Council minutes and Beirut Daily Star articles.


 * I'll put this cite in the article and remove the "citation needed" tag.


 * Further & more detailed "agronomics" descriptions still much-appreciated, tho -- "14 farms" doesn't say much -- there must be old "travelers' accounts" floating around, somewhere...


 * --Kessler 21:37, 5 August 2006 (UTC)


 * This article in Haaretz indicates that tobacco was one of the major crops. Fufthmin 22:08, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Syrian Identity cards
The Syrian government imposed itself on the region, at one point forcibly replacing villagers' Lebanese identity cards with Syrian ones.

When did this happen? Source required. Herne nz 07:18, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Can't find any source for this. OK w me if you delete. --Epeefleche 17:44, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Land deeds
''A Lebanese newspaper, however, described the land deed of one Shebaa resident as "handwritten and signed on a yellowing piece of paper in pencil and ink." Moreover, it is quite common for Lebanese to own land in Syria, and vice versa''

The nature of the deeds - handwritten or not - is not relevant. What is relevant is whether the deeds match land deeds for Lebanon, issued by the same authority. Why has this not been raised?

Common for Lebanese to own land in Syria is just a red herring. The issue is not the nationality of the land owner - it is the Government who had the authority to issue the land deed. Herne nz 07:26, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

The point I believe is that the deeds (contracts saying Seller sells Buyer Land X) were simply that. Not governmentally issued documents that suggest which government might be sovereign.

And yes, the issue is not the nationality of the landowner. But that is what I understand those who are militating for the land to be considered Lebanese suggest. The point of the Lebanese news article is your point. That the fact that the landowner might be from Lebanon does not make the land Lebanese.--Epeefleche 17:43, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

clarify legal status of Shebaa farms
Old text:
 * It was captured by Israel during the Six Day War with Syria, and was officially annexed, as part of the formerly Syrian Golan Heights, in 1981.

That link is crap. It links to an extremist partisan site, and the relevant information is burried somewhere among other propaganda.

I've replaced it with links to the Israeli government sites describing the Israeli position on the legal status of Sheba farms. AdamRetchless 21:27, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Syrian position
''Nevertheless, Syria still has not taken any official steps necessary to demarcate the border. When the UN asked Damascus for a formal document stating that the area had indeed been legally transferred to Lebanon, Syria balked - and it has still not supplied such a document.'' No reference to United Nations asking for such a document. Please quote date of request and link to UN page.

''This may be due to the fact that Syria does not recognize Lebanon. Not only does it not have diplomatic relations with Lebanon,''

No reference is provided showing lack of recognition.Please quote source.Clearly Syria recognises the international borders of its neighbour.

but in Syrian textbooks Lebanon appears as part of "Greater Syria." These 'textbooks' are not identified by name, publication date, or usage or referenced by any reputable source. Please quote reputable sources before reinstating. Herne nz 07:51, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Somebody has even changed the sentence to "Lebanon does not appear as an independent state in maps in Syrian textbooks, but rather as part of Greater Syria" This is very wrong and misleading statement. The Lebanon IS part of Greater Syria according to the wikipedia itself. It is shown in Syrian textbooks as part of Greater Syria region, but not part of modern-day Syria. Yet worst part is the phrase "Lebanon does not appear as an independent state" which is absolutely false. Lebanon is in fact shown as an independent state in all Syrian textbooks I've seen. Moreover, none of the references used here supports this claim. I'm going to delete this sentence 72.188.3.54 (talk) 01:27, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

I've tried to fix up the part taken from al-Assad's comments taken from, but i'm not so sure that i did a good job of summarizing the text as the original is not especially clear/well translated. Here's the important part (with the especially confusing part in italics):


 * Many people don’t know the issue of Shebaa Farms. They presented the issue of borders to be demarcated several months ago, and we sent them an official answer in writing that we’re ready to demarcate the borders. Shebaa Farms is smaller than this complex in which we are meeting now. The demarcation needs two things legal when one of the countries on both border proves property of these lands, in this case, it goes to the UN and register it, the second is technical relating to engineering works to define border points definitely and finally. Israel now occupies these lands, namely neither Syria nor Lebanon exist there. What is the point of demarcation now? It’s only an Israeli demand… and the work is only against the resistance. It doesn’t harm or benefit neither Syria nor Lebanon. It harms the resistance and serves Israel... so they refused to start demarcating the borders from the north.

If someone can find the original Arabic speech and check it against what we have, well, that would be great. --Fufthmin 17:22, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Hizbullah vs Hezbollah
Hizbullah redirects to Hezbollah, so Hizbullah should be changed to Hezbollah to Wikify it (I think).

Van der Hoorn 19:05, 8 August 2006 (UTC) OK w me. --Epeefleche 01:24, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Israeli Position
This article does not include an "Israeli side" and is therefore only telling one, albeit multifaceted, side of the story. Israel's position needs to be included in this article.

I think that, to the contrary, Israel's position, as well as those of the UN, Lebanon, and Syria, are included throughout the article.--Epeefleche 15:21, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi ... on rereading, see your point as to how it was more difficult than it should have been to divine israel's position, so i have given it its own sub-heading. thanks.--Epeefleche 17:12, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

dubious information removed
I have removed the following passage:
 * The Lebanese refer to the ridge at the northern end of the Shebaa Farms area as the Kafr Shuba Hills. The Israelis refer to the area as Har Dov (Bear Mountain, in Hebrew, named after Captain Dov Rodberg of the IDF who was killed there in 1970), and the Syrians call it Jabel (or Jebel) Rous (Bear Mountain, in Arabic). The area has been known as Shebaa farms only in the last 6 years, named after the ridge which extends into Lebanon, and is east of the Lebanese village of Kafr Shuba.

None of it is sourced, and I am made particularly doubtful of its accuracy by the claim that "the Syrians call it Jabel (or Jebel) Rous (Bear Mountain, in Arabic)." For one thing, it seems most unlikely that Syrian and Lebanese citizens would have different names for parts of their shared landscape. Placenames of natural features often survive language changes, it is particularly likely that they would survive the very recent political division of Lebanon from Syria. Secondly, Jabel Rous doesn't mean Bear Mountain in Arabic. Palmiro | Talk 20:49, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

According to the Madrîkh Yisrael, vol. 1 Hermon ve-Golan, p.33 (Tel Aviv 1978, edited by the Israeli MOD): in Hebrew the region we are talking about is called ketef Si'on 'Si'on ridge'. The Arabic name quoted is djebel ra'ûs. This would correspond to the above mentioned Syrian names. One of these hills bears the Israeli name of har Dov (Dov hill). Ru'ûs is the plural of Arabic ra's, 'head'. According to the Madrîkh Yisrael, loc.cit., Arabs used the area in 1969 to launch attacks on Israeli settlements. Therefore, on the 3.12.1969, the Israeli army dispatched the Golani troops in order to clear the area, which resulted in heavy fighting. During the War of Attrition (1969-1970), renewed use of the area by Arabs (unclear whether PLO or Lebanese, but my guess would be the PLO) to launch attacks prompted the IDF to build permanent strongholds an a border road (called Ma'aleh Gid'on, 'Gideon Pass').

Harun al-Murshid, Saarbrücken University

Subject to Resolution 242
Our article says "In any event, the UN regards Shebaa Farms as Syrian territory occupied by Israel, not Lebanese territory subject to Resolution 242." This is a bit misleading. The Shebaa farms are still subject to resolution 242, albeit they are Syrian territory subject to Resolution 242, right? Vints 12:31, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

This is going back a bit, but the question seems to have been unanswered. Resolution 242 does not apply to the Golan Heights because Syria refused to have any part in it (they felt that if they agreed to the resolution, it would imply recognition of Israel). TravellingJew 07:52, 11 May 2007 (UTC)


 * Security Council resolutions are not treaties or conventions. They are binding on all UN members regardless of whether they like it.  Your argument is invalid. --Zerotalk 10:45, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

"Background (1923-2000)" provides an incorrect French translation
"des territoires occupés" means "occupied territories," whereas "les territoires occupés" means "the occupied territories." "Des" is the indefinite plural article, whereas "les" is the definite plural article. The Sheeba Farms article indicates that the French text uses the definite article, whereas, in fact, it uses the indefinite. My French is not excellent, but I do know that much for sure. Someone who's French is better than mine, please back me up on this.

http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/94/IMG/NR024094.pdf

I m dude2002 20:19, 13 January 2007 (UTC)i_m_dude2002


 * I'm not able to open the document you've linked, and my French isn't great either, but I would tend to agree with your assessment - I believe "des territoires occupés" means "from occupied territories", while "les territoires occupés" means "the occupied territories." Google's translation tool also tends to agree. — George Saliba[ talk ] 23:57, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Resolution 242 and the alleged "the", or lack of, are already discussed in more relevant articles. Why do we need it here as well? I don't think we need the 242 section at all except for a one-sentence reference to Resolution 242. --Zerotalk 08:04, 15 January 2007 (UTC)


 * I tend to agree. It seems like a lot of detail not especially relevant to the subject at hand. Maybe cut it down to one sentence, if even that. — George Saliba[ talk ] 08:06, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * A short French lesson: the article "des" in French can also mean "de+les", i.e. "from the". "Retrait ... des territoires" - means "Withdrawal from the territories", in order to avoid the definite article in such cases, one must say: "Retrait ... de territoires" (cf. "l'acquisition de territoires par la guerre" in the same resolution). To sum it all up, the English text doesn't match its French counterpart. In such cases, according to the UN rules, the language in which the resolution was originally phrased is the valid one. DrorK 21:34, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Rewrite of lead paragraphs, et al
I have re-written the lead paragraphs, using the existing data (and ref'd maps); also added a better geographic description of the limits of the area and their significance. There are still major things that the article is lacking, which hopefully might answer a reader's simple question, like: 'So why are people fighting and dying over this small piece of land?' The fact remains that delaying resolution of the ownership/sovereignty issue, allows Israel to continue to use 'occupied' water resources.

I noted that the ref'd coordinates (for Google Earth) locate this large area too specifically (to the second) and high in the mountains; unless there is some specific reason why (the initial attack?), I will relocate the coords to a less precise location in the middle of the area. I also noted that the second referenced (Lebanese Army topographic) map only covers a portion of the whole area, near the southern corner of the area; if coverage of a larger area can be provided, the article would be far more comprehensible. CasualObserver&#39;48 (talk) 10:49, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Geographic position
Currently the article states that The Shebaa Farms area is situated on the southeastern side of a long, broad ridge descending to the southwest from Mount Hermon. But looking at Google Earth and turning the Terrain Layer on it seems that the Farms are at the northwest of this ridge. Gugganij (talk) 11:09, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * If you take another look, you will find that the area in question is SE of the ridge and NW of the wadi (valley); the valley is the area in shadow. International borders are generally arranged in accord with gravity; either they are on the tops of ridges (where water will flow one way or the other) or along water courses, where there is an obvious divide between one side and the other.  Please look again, before you make any edits.  CasualObserver&#39;48 (talk) 14:30, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

"Israeli controlled, disputed" Golan Heights
The current introduction sentence states: "The Shebaa Farms is a small area of land with disputed ownership located on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli controlled, disputed Golan Heights." I find the repeated use of "disputed" accurate, but confusing. What is the advantage of including the "Israeli controlled, disputed" label in front of "Golan Heights"? We have a full article on the Golan Heights for those interested in its current status, so I don't see the need to go into such detail about who claims or controls it here. This wording will open up the door to other editors to change the wording to things like "formerly Syrian, Israeli-annexed Golan Heights", or to inject that the international community doesn't recognize Israeli's claims to the Golan Heights, or edit wars over "Israeli-occupied" versus "Israeli-controlled". So my question is why not just say that the area is between Lebanon and the Golan Heights, without putting either side's POV with regards to the status of the Golan Heights? ← George [ talk  ] 17:21, 7 July 2008 (UTC)


 * The Golan Heights are an Israeli territory, regardless of whether or not this situation is politically "right or wrong". I think that deliberately not mentioning that in the opening sentence is a political editorial choice that is harming WP objectivity.  I think that the sentence should read, "The Shebaa Farms is a small area of land with disputed ownership located on the border between Lebanon and Israel."  Rabend (talk) 20:21, 4 August 2008 (UTC)


 * You are, of course, entitled to your opinion, but our personal opinions don't belong in articles. If you want to achieve a consensus on the issue, take it up over at the article on the Golan Heights itself. Then we can apply the same here. Until then, I see no reason to not leave the wording purposely, and neutrally, ambiguous. ← George [ talk  ] 22:11, 4 August 2008 (UTC)


 * Regarding opinions, that's exactly what I am saying. I'm trying to have an objective, dry, universally-undisputed fact (which beats a WP consensus, in my opinion) be used, instead of (what seems to be) a POV statement. Intentionally not mentioning Israel is frequently used in Arab politics/propoganda, and I wouldn't want this article to unintentionally look like it's taking this political position. I really can't see why an undisputed, physically-verifiable fact (the Golan is controlled by Israel) needs a consensus.
 * Further, there is no border between a country and a physical structure. Borders are between countries (or "define geographic boundaries of political entities", from the Border article). Regardless of what political discussion goes on in the Golan Heights article, I think that this article should be accurate on its own merit, and not be dependent on other articles.
 * All this being said, of course, in an effort to calmly create an optimal WP article together.. Rabend (talk) 05:57, 5 August 2008 (UTC)


 * I'll try to cover these point-by-point, and hopefully eliminate some misconceptions:
 * To you, maybe Israel controls the Golan Heights. To others, maybe Israel occupies the Golan Heights. Neither opinion is fully internationally recognized. You change it to one version, they change it to the other, and before you know it we have a full out edit war on our hands. That has happened before, and it ends up going nowhere. Everyone agrees that the area in question is the Golan Heights, regardless of who controls it, or occupies it, or lives there, or was born there, making the ambiguous form more neutral. Any user who wants to read more about what the Golan Heights is can go read the long, detailed article on the topic. That's why we wikilink articles together.
 * The goal is not to remove any mention of Israel, any more than it is to remove any mention of Syria. The goal is to avoid having to inject a full article's worth of information on who controls the Golan Heights, and who claims the Golan Heights, in an article that isn't about the Golan Heights. We have an entire article on the Golan Heights for that.
 * Israeli control of the Golan Heights is not an "undisputed, physically-verifiable fact." We have a full article that goes into detail about who controls what parts of the Golan Heights, and that article identifies the parts of the Golan Heights that Israel does and does not control. The fact that Israel has stated that the Shebaa farms is an issue between Lebanon and Syria also contradicts this view.
 * I'm a bit confused by your argument regarding the border of the Golan Heights... your argument is that the Golan Heights has no border? The Golan Heights has its own border, and it meets the definition of a "geographic boundary" that you provided.
 * I appreciate your calm, collected discourse on the subject, but I still see no reason to inject either sides point of view - not that the Golan Heights is Israeli controlled, not that it is Israeli occupied; not that it is formerly Syrian. If you like, I wouldn't oppose the addition of the term "disputed" in from of Golan Heights, as that's quite neutral. ← George [ talk  ] 07:15, 5 August 2008 (UTC)


 * I understand what you're saying, but still I do not agree with that sentence as it is. Nevertheless, if this is the best version, consensus-wise, I'll withdraw my argument.
 * Regarding the border, I'm saying that you can't really have a border between Lebanon and the Golan. Either it's used in a political sense, or in a geographic sense. As such, as I see it, it should either be between Lebanon and Israel, or between whatever-plains-are-out-there and the Golan Heights. It's kind of like saying "I croseed the border between France and the Alps" (with the Alps not being part of France, for the sake of argument). The Golan have their own geographic boundaries, but this is not the sense in which "border" is used there. You don't think it's semantically incorrect? Rabend (talk) 08:21, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The term Golan Heights may refer to a geographical region or to a political unit created in the aftermath of the June 1967 war. This very issue is explained in the article about the Golan Heights. It is fair to say that Lebanon borders the Golan Heights. Being a disputed territory, these 1200 sq km can be considered a geopolitical entity in its own right. DrorK (talk) 14:15, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

New developments:
Since the syrian withdrawal from lebanon in 2005, the statement "Lebanon agrees with whatever Syria pretends" is not true anymore. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.126.24.2 (talk • contribs) 17:32, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Note doesn't support claim
The article states: "On 28 August 2006, Hezbollah fighters withdrew from positions facing Israeli lines in the Shebaa Farms area.[19]"

However citaion [19] states: "Wright, Jonathan. "News analysis: Hezbollah seen surviving UN troop expansion", The Gazette, 2006-08-29. Retrieved on 2006-09-29."

It seems to me that the article statement is NOT supported by the citaion. I would edit that line to: "Despite the addition of UN troops to the area, Hezbollah has claimed that they "will survive the arrival in south Lebanon of an expanded U.N. force"[19]." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Flyashi (talk • contribs) 21:12, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Any news from the UN yet?
One part of the August 2006 ceasefire was that the UN would study the claims that Shebaa Farms area belongs to Lebanon, and the UN would report its conclusions within a month. Since then, I have not heard anything about it any more. Does anyone know what the outcome of the UN study is/was? —Preceding unsigned comment added by S-o-W (talk • contribs) 22:37, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

POV - An Op Ed and not an encyclopedia article
This article correctly and truthfully records that the Golan Heights were claimed by Syria, and that the U.N. found no evidence of Lebanese claims. The folloing and subsequent text provide a faithful picture: The United Nations agreed with Israel that the area is not covered by Resolution 425, which governed the withdrawal from Lebanon, inasmuch as the Farms are not Lebanese territory, and the UN certified Israel's pullout.[3] At the same time the UN noted that its decision was "without prejudice to future border agreements between the Member States concerned," referring to Israel, Syria, and Lebanon. The UN stated: "On May 15, 2000, the United Nations received a map, dated 1966, from the Government of Lebanon which reflected the Government's position that these farmlands were located in Lebanon. However, the United Nations is in possession of 10 other maps issued after 1966 by various Lebanese government institutions, including the Ministry of Defense and the army, all of which place the farmlands inside the Syrian Arab Republic. The United Nations has also examined six maps issued by the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, including three maps since 1966, which place the farmlands inside the Syrian Arab Republic."[34]...

But the article now contradicts itself, because the following was put in the introduction as a "summary" of the above "In 2007 a UN cartographer came to the conclusion that the Sheeba farms is Lebanese territory."

The intro also states: "Both Syria and Lebanon agree that the Shebaa Farms are within Lebanese territory"

There is no reference for this statement and it seems to be untrue. The truth is reflected further down in the introduction "Syria, since its eviction from Lebanon in 2005 and ending its 30-year long occupation of its small neighbor, has continuously refused to provide the United Nations with the legal documentation officially ceding sovereignty to Lebanon over the Shebaa Farms, [4], despite public statements by Syrian officials. " It is only part of the truth. Before 2005 Syira also claimed not only all of Sheba farms but all of Lebanon as well. Syria never admitted that any part of Sheba farms is Lebanese, did they?? What public statements were made by which Syrian officials before or after 2005?? when did any Syrian official admit to any Lebanese claim on the Golan?? Can you show such a statement?? Please show us a Syrian map with the international border between Syria and Lebanon. Mewnews (talk) 14:45, 2 March 2011 (UTC)]]

Source for the current map?
Does anyone know the source or the current map showing where the village of Shebaa is in relation to the Shebaa farms? I'm unable to track down where it came from, beyond some user on the German Wikipedia, or what the location of the village is based on. The map used by the BBC, citing the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center in Israel, shows the village of Shebaa west and slightly north of Mount Dov. ← George [ talk  ] 17:33, 7 July 2008 (UTC)


 * Quick update. I've traced the current map to the German Wikipedia, which shows a different, larger area of dispute. I'm unable to find out where the editor who created that map got their information from, however, so we should probably try to find as many maps of the area as possible. ← George [ talk  ] 22:21, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The disputed area was defined in the UN secretary general report to the security council from 30 October 2007 about the implementation of resolution 1701 (report no. S/2007/641, paragraph 58). The boundaries adopted there are the narrowest possible among the various interpretations of the area's size. DrorK (talk) 14:12, 5 August 2008 (UTC)


 * Ahh, very interesting. For those interested, the definition is as follows:

The term Shab’a Farms generally refers to former hamlets, grazing areas and some cultivated land south-west of Shab’a village, on the western slopes of Wadi al-Aasal and on the southern slopes of Jebel Rous and Jebel Soummaq. Based on the information available, the senior cartographer has provisionally concluded that the Shab’a Farms area extends north-east from Moughr Shab’a village and north-west from Wadi al-Aasal. Thus, it is now possible to state that a review and analysis of recent evidence can provide the basis for a provisional definition of the geographical extent of the Shab’a Farms area as follows: starting from the turning point of the 1920 French line located just south of the village of El Majidiye; from there continuing south-east along the 1946 Moughr Shab’a-Shab’a boundary until reaching the thalweg of the Wadi al-Aasal; thence following the thalweg of the wadi north-east until reaching the crest of the mountain north of the former hamlet Mazraat Barakhta and reconnecting with the 1920 line.
 * I'm not sure where all of these areas are, but when I have a chance I'll try to locate as many of them as I can. I'm not sure which map is right and which is wrong, but the maps among the different localized versions of Wikipedia and many of used by the media don't match up, so something is off. ← George [ talk  ] 21:20, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Recent reverts
I really do not see what is so hard to understand about this. We need to establish a few baseline facts here.

All of this is very basic stuff and I honestly don't understand how anybody can edit in Mideast related articles and not get this. I would also note that this article has a very heavy preponderance of sources on the right-wing of the US/Israeli political spectrum, some of which are pretty sketchy. The likes of DEBKAfile, Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, Cybercast News Service, and Daniel Pipes et al are not very helpful as sources. They are useful maybe for finding out what the hardliners on one side think, in the same way that al-Manar would be useful on the other side. They aren't good for facts. &lt;eleland/talkedits&gt; 18:34, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The Israeli MFA website is not a suitable source for anything but what the official Israeli position is. Citing statements of fact to them is absurd.
 * The broad international consensus is that the Golan Heights are occupied Syrian territory. This is a very straightforward call. Even the US Department of State acknowledges this.
 * Calling UN resolutions "non-binding" is tendentious. There is no legal consensus that Chap VI resolutions are indeed non-binding. Furthermore, when a UN resolution is directly based on established principles of international law, calling it "non-binding" is disingenuous, as the underlying legal principles are indeed binding. It is interesting that I've never once seen Wikipedia tag a US resolution that Israel likes, such as United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559, "non-binding."
 * The Israeli MFA website does not say that Israel annexed the Golan Heights. It just said that Israeli law is applied there (this is kinda-sorta like annexation, but gives some wiggle room if Israel and Syria ever wish to exchange land for peace).  I'll edit it accordingly.  --GHcool (talk) 20:32, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Binding or not, the UN resolutions state the opinion of the UN. It does not present a neutral view of the actual state of affairs. The classic example is Taiwan - in practice it is an independent country, according to the UN it doesn't exist, according to the Taiwanese government, it is the Republic of China. Should we adopt the UN view here because it is an international organization? The answer is no, because our interest is to present the facts on the ground. DrorK (talk) 06:41, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

BlueLine map
Under the BlueLine image it says: "UN Demarcation", The UN would have written that the area is Syria and occupied by Israel. So if the text isn't corrected, the claim of "UN Demarcation" should at least be removed. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 20:07, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * The blue line is a UN demarcation, but the map is not a UN map, and doesn't use UN terminology. Actually the "Blue Line" is a UN creation by definition, but it doesn't mean it cannot appear on non-UN maps. DrorK (talk) 21:40, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Fixes.
I changed the "1923 border" and "pre-1967 de facto" to international. Thats what it is and that is what its called. Moved the Arab sections of etymology to the top since the area belongs to an Arab nation, therefor the Arab stuff should be first.
 * There is an international border. The "pre-1967 de facto border" has no force of law. If you use this term, then you cannot sar Israeli settlements are illegal. Mewnews (talk) 14:52, 2 March 2011 (UTC)]

I removed "murdered" from the Hezbollah attacks, we can ad back "murdered" when all Israeli killings of Arabs are refereed in other wikipedia articles as "murdering Arabs". "Elsewere" - that would be Syria. I removed the "French Mandate (1923–1967)" there was no french mandate between those years. I removed the Hezbollah cross-border raid (2000) and PLO attack section, has nothing to do with article, saved a smaller part of the PLO part. The Israeli annexation was written twice, removed one of them. Created separate UNSCR245 section. Removed category Israel–Lebanon border since no "Israeli border" is connected to this area. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 19:59, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * To Nsaum: Dont you think the Arab etymology should be first since the area is internationally seen as part of an Arab nation? Why should the name of an occupation soldier be put higher then the owners of the land? And can you please explain what the PLO and Hezbollah sections have to do with the Shebaa farms? --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 20:51, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Supreme Deliciousness, are you trying to improve the article or to make it more political? By your very words you assert not only your biasness, but the fact that you want to introduce this biasness into the article. I don't have time now to go over your edits and check them, but rest assure that politically motivated edits will not stay long, so don't bother to introduce more of them if you have this in mind. DrorK (talk) 21:17, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I have restored/removed some of the things I have mentioned here above as no explanation for how the PLO and Hezbollah sections have to do with this article has been given or why the name of an occupation soldier should be put higher then the owners of the land. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 21:14, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * before the Arab imperialists conquered the Golan it probably had a Latin name, and before that it was Bashan in Hebrew. Before the British Imperialists gave it to the French Imperialists it was part of Palestine. Mewnews (talk) 14:52, 2 March 2011 (UTC)]]

population
what is the population of this piece of land? what is their nationality? 81.102.15.200 (talk) 13:01, 3 July 2011 (UTC)


 * AFAIK there is zero population in this area, this is an area of farm land, but I don't have a source for this. Marokwitz (talk) 13:34, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

Does anyone have any sources on this? 81.102.15.200 (talk) 16:57, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Elias Bejjani
The Elias Bejjani source (http://www.lgic.org/en/faq_shebaa01.php) begins "Under the puppet regime and the hegemony of the Syrian Baathist occupier..." and continues in a similar vein. It does not seem a reliable source. In any case, it does not say what it is used as a reference for (that Syrians attacked a post in 1956, killing 2 gendarmes, and then intimidated Lebanon into inaction). I will therefore remove that part. 81.102.15.200 (talk) 16:07, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

"Fatahland" and other nonsense
This is rubbish. The cited article doesn't even say that the Sheba Farms was ever called Fatahland, it is referring to the nearby area of southern Lebanon. Read it carefully. Zerotalk 11:40, 29 October 2013 (UTC) It is also wrong to remove from the lead the only reason this region is notable, namely the sovereignty question of Lebanon versus Syria. Zerotalk 11:40, 29 October 2013 (UTC)


 * Perhaps you should read more carefully: The article says precisely that. The only reason is the area is significant is that Israel is involved. Nobody gave a damn before that. Your reduction of the lead to a few unsourced statements is problematic. Nobody reading it would have any idea what the problem is and why it is being fought over. That is what needs fixing. If you can help, that would be great.--Geewhiz (talk) 11:53, 29 October 2013 (UTC)


 * Fatahland was a name used for the parts of southern Lebanon under PLO control, not to a little place over the border with the IDF camped all over it. There is no claim of Palestinian presence in this place at all after 1967 since it was under Israeli occupation and barely populated. Zerotalk 12:00, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Also [this NYT article] does not mention Sheba Farms at all, nor does Res 1559. None of this makes any sense unless "Sheba Farms" extends north of the international border, but that is not the case according to the UN definition, the map in the article, or any source in the article (I think). The name in almost all uses refers to the region south of the 1920 Syria-Lebanon border which Lebanon claims. Zerotalk 11:49, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

"After the departure of Syrian troops in 2005" — this is a nonexistent event based on a source that doesn't mention the Sheba Farms. The Sheba farms have been occupied by Israel from 1967 until now. Zerotalk 12:00, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Israel seized the Shaaba Farms, along with neighboring Har Dov, from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War along with the neighboring Golan Heights. "The bottom line for Lebanon was that in the June 1967 war, despite the fact that Lebanon did not participate in the war, Israel occupied this Lebanese area" (Kaufman, cited in article). And so on, kindly remove the text based on your misunderstanding. Zerotalk 12:12, 29 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I think it is you who misunderstand. Har Dov IS Shabaa Farms, not a neighbor of it.--Geewhiz (talk) 12:49, 29 October 2013 (UTC)
 * And? That is a quotation from the linked article. How can Syrian forces depart in 2005 from a place that Israel already occupied? Zerotalk 22:40, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

The article by Chararah is either written/translated carelessly, or Chararah is using the phrase "Shebaa Farms" for a much wider area than is usual. This is easy to demonstrate. Note that Chararah equates Shebaa Farms with "Fatahland" and "al-Urqub". The meaning of the latter names appears in countless sources more authoritative than Chararah, and there really isn't any doubt since al-Urqub (more commonly written as 'Arqub or Arkub) is a subdistrict in southern Lebanon. See it on this map. Restricting myself to easily visible sources, these clearly indicate that "Fatahland" and "Arqub" are in Lebanon, not in the Shebah Farms which is south of the border:. That ought to be plenty. Zerotalk 10:49, 30 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Actually, the most likely explanation for Chararah's article is that it mistakenly has "Shebaa Farms" instead of "Shebaa". With that change, it all makes perfect sense.  Shebaa (town) was indeed in Fatahland.  This is why the article says "They crossed the border with Lebanon" (from Syria) and shows Lebanese Red Cross workers taking care of them, neither of which makes sense if they went to the Sheba Farms.  A very similar story about refugees arriving in Shebaa from Syria is told by Kaufman here. Zerotalk 11:17, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

US position
Is it worth mentioning that US official position on the matter has not been recently consistent? Silvio1973 (talk) 10:51, 11 August 2014 (UTC)


 * Yes, but you have to bring a reliable source that makes that point. You can't just add it on your own say-so.  These are the rules. Zerotalk 13:14, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
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The US recognized this territory as part of Israel on March 25 2019 When it recognized the Golan Heights as Part of Israel

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UN position in the lead
I have removed the statement about the UN position. Firstly, it is by no means a correct correct summary of the UN position, as the section Shebaa_farms states. Firstly, as the BBC report quoted states that the UN is not a "boundary marking authority" and Annan stated that "There seems to be no official record of an international boundary agreement between Lebanon and Syria that could easily establish the line for purposes of confirming the withdrawal" and "Syria agrees with Lebanon that the Shebaa farms area is part of Lebanon". The issue is quite complex and ongoing. The statement is seriously misleading. Kingsindian &#9821; &#9818; 08:00, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * 1. the material is sourced to a reliable source, so you can't simply dismiss it. 2. Terje Rød-Larsen's offical statemnt post dates both the BBC article and Annan's statement, and should be taken as the current UN position. When Other Legends Are Forgotten (talk) 22:49, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Nobody objected to the source as reliable, my point was based on WP:ONUS and the fact that the statement is a single statement from the whole UN position section. If your argument is that the statement correctly summarizes the situation there, then make it. One can't arbitrarily quote a statement from the UN as the position. The UN has no role in deciding boundaries: they are bilateral matters, as Israel often asserts. Syria's position is that the farms are Lebanese and that is the same as the Lebanese position. Kingsindian &#9821; &#9818; 22:59, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Of course the UN has a role in deciding boundaries - the UN was asked to demarcate this boundary post the Israeli withdrawal, and it did so, and its official responsible for monitoring the sides' adherence to the border as marked by the UN makes this statement, explicitly. You can't use a news report form 6 years earlier to override this. When Other Legends Are Forgotten (talk) 23:02, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Terje Rød-Larsen is an official of the UN, but is not the UN. Statements made by Terje Rød-Larsen do not create UN policy, though a statement from him like "The position of the UN is..." could be accepted as he is a reliable source for that.  It would be better to quote more directly from a press release by the Sec-General, of which there are quite a few.  It won't be much different: the UN position is that the SF are Syrian, but the UN does not deny the right of Syria and Lebanon to negotiate border changes. Zerotalk 09:48, 13 December 2015 (UTC)
 * According to Haaretz: "The United Nations has transmitted messages to Israel in recent weeks that the organization's mapping experts have determined that the controversial Shaba Farms on Mount Dov near the Lebanese border, now controlled by Israel, is Lebanese territory" https://www.haaretz.com/un-tells-israel-place-shaba-farms-in-hands-of-unifil-1.225283 That was in 2007. Someone should update the article.

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Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 27 February 2021
To write also the Quranic land of Israel Nippon 725 (talk) 17:36, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * What specifically do you want to include and where? <small style="border: 1px solid;padding:1px 3px;white-space:nowrap"> nableezy  - 17:47, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Where it is written "In the Biblical land of Israel" I want to write their Quranic land of Israel Nippon 725 (talk) 18:20, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: There's no good reason to do this - the Bible was first and is how this is discussed in common language. Elliot321 (talk &#124; contribs) 01:46, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Is Mt Dov really the same as Shebaa Farms?
Is Mt Dov really the same as Shebaa Farms? Isn't it rather correct to say that Mt Dov is a small mountain or hill whose western slopes, or part of them, are known as the Sh. Farms? Is the peak with the IDF base part of Sh. F.? What about the eastern slopes, or saddle? The "Terminology" section can be understood in several different ways: "Kafr Shuba Hills" suggests a multitude of hills (plural), "the wide mountainous ridge" - well, that's a wide ridge, while satellite images and topographic maps of "Har Dov (Mount Dov)" show a clearly-defined single cone-shaped hill, with a road leading to its isolated peak, where the IDF base most likely stands (see "Har Dov" on MapCarta). NOT the same by any stretch. Arminden (talk) 05:11, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
 * It is a common practice to use the name of a local topographic feature to refer to the area around it. Thus, the fact that Har Dov is a particular hill doesn't at all imply that referring to the neighborhood as Har Dov is wrong. (Example: many cases of "Wadi X" refer to areas much more extensive than the particular watercourse of that name.) More generally, customary naming practice does not confirm to the sort of logic you are trying to apply to it. Anyway the article doesn't mean they are the same in a strict geographic sense; it just means that in Israel the Sheba Farms are called Har Dov, which seems to be true. Some of the references do that, and you can search on 'site:il "Har Dov"' to find many more. The Hebrew wiki has the same statement. (Sometimes it is "Har Dov area" or "Har Dov sector", but usually not.) I'm removing your tag. Zerotalk 08:04, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

Tweaks to the introduction for balance and clarity
I suggest:

"Documents from the 1920s and 1930s indicate that inhabitants paid taxes to the Lebanese government, while maps of the French Mandate from the 1930s and 1940s show the area as part of Syria. Syria was the de facto ruling power from the end of the French Mandate in 1946 until Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights in the Six-Day War."

10:28, 16 October 2023 (UTC) Utilisateur19911 (talk) 10:28, 16 October 2023 (UTC)