Talk:Supercomputer/Archive 1

SFX, c. animation: Super apps?
Are "special effects" and "computer animation" really applications of supercomputers? I kind of doubt it. I would add molecular modelling and climate research to the list. AxelBoldt, Monday, April 22, 2002


 * They used to be, IIRC, but these days it seems that CGI is done on either workstations, or, if that's not enough, rackfuls of commodity compute servers. --Robert Merkel


 * The history of supercomputers and animation is rather limited and somewhat overblown.

To appreciate this statement, a reader has to remember that early machines had limited enough memory that graphics came late, because the application needed the memory or secondary storage (competition in compute time and space [and this is not the linear address space in memory but the scaling of 2-dimensions of graphics space]). Early crude and high resolution graphics did exist, it was just very expensive, and expense is not something show "business" is known, especially expensive computers (consider that movies don't use full sized real buildings at studios, they use facades, their computers were at first facades of blinking lights).


 * In short, short output movies were made by supercomputer users (many classified as many supercomputers were), but full length Hollywood style animation began a spin off firms from supercomputer firms and users like MAGI (Mathematical Algorithms Group, Inc), Information Intl., Inc. (better known as III or I^3), Whitney-Deimos, etc. Lucasfilm, for instance, used a Cray at Cray Research, but never brought one despite one of the best offers presented, in large part due to maintenance costs.


 * This begs the question whether the existing clusters used by animation firms are supercomputers: they sort of are if you want to view clusters as supercomputers (and not every one does, and in part this is reflected by what the older end users of machines use ).


 * --enm

Distributed computing §
Would be interesting to put a paragraph about distributed computing (such as seti@home, folding etc). --user:Extremist


 * Distributed computing has some discussion of that. Scott McNay 08:37, 2004 Feb 15 (UTC)

New king of the hill from NEC?
Hmm, NEC strikes back: NEC Launches World&#8217;s Fastest Vector Supercomputer (press release, 20 October 2004). Perhaps it should be listed in this article's table (if the performance figures are for real)? --Wernher 01:33, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)


 * It hasn't been tested yet for Top500, and the full version of Blue Gene will be up and running shortly. NEC just wanted to get headlines before IBM really sets the bar high. -Joseph (Talk) 01:53, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)
 * It appears that's a moot point now, as the new SGI/NASA system is potentially faster&mdash;certainly faster than Blue Gene/L right now, and maybe faster than the SX-8. I think we should hold off making any such changes until the Top500 list is released in a week. Once the full Blue Gene system comes online, hopefully the situation will stabilize (for a little while anyhow.) -Joseph (Talk) 11:18, 2004 Oct 27 (UTC)


 * Hey, cool that the Top500 list is coming so soon. I certainly look forward to seeing it, considering all the interesting stuff happening in supers these days. --Wernher 18:13, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Preserved section
I preserved this edited section by an anonymous individual. I am reverting the main article because this whole section is changing in just a couple of days, so it seems pointless to do these edits. Plus he made a couple of changes that do not make any sense. -Joseph (Talk) 22:10, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)


 * BEGIN


 * == The fastest supercomputers today ==
 * The speed of a supercomputer is generally measured in flops (floating point operations per second); this measurement ignores communication overheads and assumes that all processors of the machine are provided with data and are working at full speed. It is therefore less than ideal as a metric, but is widely used nevertheless.


 * As of October 26, 2004, the fastest supercomputer is NASA/SGI's Columbia (named in honour of the crew that died on the Columbia, with a total of 10,240 Intel processors which reached 42.7 teraflops. The system, running the Linux operating system is already in use at a customer website and is fully functional unlike other recent supercomputer announcements. It was built in just 120 days by SGI and Intel and consists of 20 machines, although only 16 were used to acheive the 42.7 record.


 * Prior to Columbia, the fastest supercomputer was IBM's Blue Gene/L prototype, with 16,250 PowerPC based processors which reached 36.01 teraflops beating the NEC Earth Simulator which reached 35.86 teraflops.


 * END


 * Also, I wanted to note that the figures for the Columbia are not yet final. They will likely be releasing new figures at Supercomputer 2004, and at that conference we may see new figures for other systems. Also, Top 500 has not tested the Columbia yet&mdash;or at least the figures are not public. (They will be in a few days anyhow.) -Joseph (Talk) 23:34, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)

Separate categorization
Should we separately categorize vector vs. scalar systems? Or at least have a timeline split at that point? -Joseph (Talk) 03:50, 2004 Nov 6 (UTC)

SETI@Home
I don't really think this belongs. It's a distributed computing project, sure, but not a supercomputer. -Joseph (Talk) 18:39, 2004 Nov 16 (UTC)


 * It's not a supercomputer in perhaps the original sense, but then, neither are the modern computing clusters that we call supercomputers. Blue Gene is nothing more than an amalgamation of a bunch of off-the-shelf processors and networking equipment, with some specialized technology.  SETI@home acts as a supercomputer in a similar manner with a processing throughput in excess of what is supposed to be the world's fastest supercomputer.  It is an achievement that should be noted in this article.  --Alexwcovington 22:06, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)


 * SETI@home doesn't act as a classic supercomputer, it's a distributed machine. Modern computing clusters do act like a supercomputer. BlueGene runs tightly-coupled problems; SETI@home does not. This doesn't mean SETI@home is bad or anything, it just is a different beast. Can you name anyone involved in supercomputing who think SETI@home is a supercomputer? I don't think so. Apple marketing has tried hard enough to debase the term, don't do the same regarding SETI@home. Greg

I separated this out into its own section. We may want to put it somewhere else in the page. -Joseph (Talk) 21:39, 2004 Nov 17 (UTC)


 * Since distributed computing has its own page, shouldn't this section be moved there, with maybe a small ref here along the lines of, "For projects such as SETI@home, please see distributed computing"? --Mary quite contrary (hai?) 15:53, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * You do realize the comment you just replied to is 2 1/2 years old, right? Raul654 15:59, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Wow, so much for posting in a hurry before a meeting. I guess I assumed the discussion to be more current since someone just updated the "Quasi-supercomputing" section.  Thoughts? --Mary quite contrary (hai?) 16:41, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

FLOPS
Hi. As someone who knows jack about supercomputers, I'd like to point out that some parts of the article are just impenetrable for the uninitiated. For instance, when it says that the IBM supercomputer is capable of "70 teraflops", that tells me nothing, and the article on Flops doesn't help any in understanding what it means in terms of how fast the computer works. Maybe you could include a reference in the good old "calculations per second" unit, or maybe something else, but right now I just have no idea of how fast and efficient the IBM supercomputer is, no matter how many flops I know it can throw around. Regards, Redux 05:52, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Google?
I know the Googleplex must be pretty impressive, but I'm not sure if it's valid to compare it to traditional supercomputers - surely estimating its speed in FLOPS is misleading at best, as the majority of its workload is probably integer (string-heavy parsing, analysis, crawling, network stuff, etc.)?

Supercomputer timeline - FLOPS, ENIAC, and earlier computers
I think that the supercomputer timeline is very interesting However,


 * (1) the measurement is supposed to be in FLOPS, and some of the early computers listed couldn't do floating-point arithmetic. The ENIAC is one - it used fixed point arithmetic.  The Colossus only did logical operations (although it is possible to break FP arithmetic down to logical operations).


 * (2) Besides that, giving the ENIAC a 50k FLOPS rating is stretching it. It could do an addition in 1/5,000 second but a multiplication took 1/385 sec (13 times as long).  Now, the ENIAC was parallel in a sense, and it had 20 registers, so you could add 10 of the registers into the other 10 registers in 1/5,000 second, for a rate of 50,000/sec, so that is probably where the 50k figure comes from.  But that is an unrealistic problem because if you are doing more than 13 of them, multiplication would be faster than repeated addition.  (Of course, I know that in recent decades FLOPS ratings have been based on a theoretical maximum, not what can actually be done on a real-world problem.)  Besides that, the (now) standard LINPACK doesn't use just additions.


 * (3) there were several computers after the ENIAC and before the TX-0 that were actually faster than the ENIAC, for real-world problems. And some of these could do floating point arithmetic as well. (Off the top of my head, probably SWAC, NORC, Whirlwind; maybe IAS, EDVAC, ORDVAC, UNIVAC I, etc.) Bubba73 17:07, July 12, 2005 (UTC)


 * Regarding item (1) above, how about the hitherto unheard-of computing performance unit FIXPS? (="FIXed Point operations per Second"). :-) On a more serious note: at least, there should be a footnote or something pointing this out; an encyclopedia shouldn't be misleading its readers. As for your item (3), perhaps some research could be undertaken into this? Honor where it's due! --Wernher 04:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)


 * I've put the addition and multiplication time of most of the early machine in to their articles. Some of these had FP hardware and some didn't, that will have to be looked up if we want to make it strictly FP.  And do we want to use addition time only (the ENIAC figure is for 10 additions in parallel) or perhaps the average of the add time and mult time? Bubba73 15:53, July 14, 2005 (UTC)


 * Update: I got the following times mostly from the 1955 Ballistics Lab Report, so they all should be between ENIAC and TX-0. In order by name, not date or speed, and this doesn't take into account the possible 10x parallelism of ENIAC. Even with that 10x, LARC (1960), SWAC (1950), Whirlwind (1953). MANIAC II (1957), and NORC (1954) beat it.  I didn't note which ones actually had floating point arithmetic. Bubba73 03:59, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

I've rearranged the table to be in approximate order by date. There are several problems in determining if any of these should be placed on the supercomputer timeline:
 * We can't go back and run LINPACK on these machines
 * Should the theoretical 10x parrallelism of ENIAC be considered
 * The memory access time is not included in most of these
 * do they do floating point
 * consider addition time only or a mix of operations (perhaps average of add and mult)

The SWAC was 33 times faster than ENIAC on addition, so I think it should be there. On real-world problems, SEAC would probably be faster than ENIAC. Also, Whirlwind should definitely be on the list since it beats ENIAC by more than a factor of 10 on addition and multiplication, even though it was a little slower than SWAC on addition alone.

It seems to me that there is no clear answer. It depends on how the problems above are addressed. But at least SWAC and/or Whirlwind should go between ENIAC and TX-0, and i may have overlooked some others, perhaps not in the table, Bubba73 16:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

PS. And this is giving the ENIAC the advantages of counting addition only (even though repeated addition doesn't make much sense), 1 factor of 10 parallelism, and counting its operations as FP. Bubba73 19:27, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Images
I have a big problem with Image:PPTSuperComputersPRINT.jpg, and Image:PPTExponentialGrowthof Computing.jpg. They have no context associated, no real explanation of the meaning of the measurements involved (where do the figures for number of "operations" per second in "all human" brains come from?)

Please either re-format and explain these graphs or remove them. Thanks -Harmil 04:17, 14 July 2005 (UTC)


 * I agree with removing them. I like them except for the biological prganizms.  If that was removed, I'd like to have them reinstated.  Bubba73 04:36, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

More FLOPS doubts
Regarding item (1) of the thread above: after some quick reseach, I haven't found any evidence indicating that TX-0 or the SAGE systems supported hardware floating-point calculations. I thus wonder if we should list their performance numbers in (k)OPS rather than (k)FLOPS? --Wernher 03:47, 8 August 2005 (UTC)


 * You're probably right. The BRL reports are often a good source of data.  Also, I'm wondering if the special-purpose machines ABC, Colossus, and Heath Robinson should be listed.  Bubba73 04:33, August 8, 2005 (UTC)


 * Semi Automatic Ground Environment was a fixed point machine with a 32-bit word containing a coordinate composed of two 16-bit fixed point numbers. So each instruction normally did two operations. It had no support for floating point in the hardware. -- RTC 21:32, 20 September 2005 (UTC)


 * I have now changed the TX-0 and SAGE data from FLOPS to OPS, after having searched high and wide for any evidence to suggest that these machines ever had HW FP. Feel free to double-check, of course. :) --Wernher 02:01, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't see how the Z3 can claim 20 FLOPS when its clock rate was only 5-10Hz - that would have needed it to do 4 floating point operations in every clock! It only had ONE ALU... The table at the external link says "Average calculation speed: Multiplication 3 seconds, division 3 seconds, addition 0.7 seconds". 0.7 seconds per addition is 1.4 FLOPS, not 20 FLOPS. -- 205.175.225.5 00:12, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

ENIAC and repeated addition
"Repeated addition" makes perfect sense on ENIAC. The "NI" stood for Numerical Integrator and the machine was originally designed as a faster digital version of the mechanical analog Differential Analyzer (ignoring the Multiplier and Divider/Square Rooter modules). A Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) operates entirely by repeated addition in each "integrator" (Accumulator on ENIAC). In its mode as a DDA (exactly what you need for ballistics solutions) it could handle problems requiring up to 20 "integrators" and in such a problem would naturally operate at its peak speed. Aberdeen however found it difficult to program this way, which resulted in its conversion in 1948 to ROM based stored program and a severe drop in peak performance. -- 205.175.225.5 20:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)


 * I still think it is misleading to use the addition time for ENIAC, because modern measures of FLOPS are based on a wider range of operations. Bubba73 (talk), 02:49, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

About supercomputer locations
Regarding my reversion of the recently added footnotes to the timeline table: AFAIK, the locations listed are the installation sites of the computers, not the locations of the development/manufacturing companies. --Wernher 22:49, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

ILLIAC IV performance figures
One of the recently reverted footnotes (see above) stated: I believe the ILLIAC IV speed accepted was 15 not 150 GFLOPS [sic]. Double check this before using either number. In the ILLIAC IV article, a figure of 150 M FLOPS is indicated as the peak performance value, which is also the value cited in the timeline. So, it seems everything's OK, then, doesn't it? --Wernher 23:03, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

I did a little more research and now accept the 150 MFLOPS as a reasonable value. I have found a couple of outside sources that state >100 MFLOPS. As a side note to everyone else, the ILLIAC IV has an increadable theoredical performance of 500 MFLOPS, a peak performance of >100 MFLOPS, but a real world performance of 15-40 MFLOPS. -- 66.41.181.0 14:30, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Hybrid vs. Super
How do computer speeds compare between Editors in both the Super and Hybrid articles claim this type of computer is the fastest.
 * Supercomputers
 * Hybrid computers
 * Engineeering workstations

I had always thought the advantage of super computer was in its specialized tasks, where algorithms normally found in programs can get transferred to hardware to operate thousands of times faster than as software, to perform specialized tasks, while a supercomputer is incapable of general purpose computer tasks, supercomputers, being a class of special purpose computer can perform tasks impossible for any other kind of computer, like say modeling the billions of years of the life of millions of star clusters, to explore competing theories of astronomy. User:AlMac|(talk) 09:32, 18 January 2006 (UTC)


 * There is no one meaning to "fastest", so both are probably right. Supercomputers are usually general purpose machines, in that you can program them to do just about any kind of problem. Special purpose machines usually only solve one problem, because it's wired into their hardware. So Grape would be special purpose, as would most hybrid computers. FWIW, I've never seen anyone equate "supercomputer" with what you describe. Greg 21:09, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Typical PC performance through history?
I think it would be cool and interesting to add some (highlighted) "typical PC" entries in the table of supercomputer performance. Like, how did/does a Commodore 64, 8086, 80486, Pentium, Pentium III, Pentium IV, Athlon X2, Cell processor, 4-core MAC... compare to recent and past numbercrunchers. Would help to get a feel for the real performance and evolution of computing power.

Is this meaningful/achievable at all, and any takers? :)

JH-man 10:20, 3 March 2006 (UTC)


 * It would be useful, but you have to include the things which really indicate what's going on, like memory bandwidth. Most bogus comparisons involve peak FLOPS without any indication that vector supercomputers can sustain a higher percentage of peak due to their memory subsystems. Greg 21:11, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Interestingly, the diference between a supercomputer and a PC from prehistoric time through about the mid 1990's was clockspeed. When the Cray X-MP came out in the early 1980's it had a clock that was 200x faster than the widely used VAX (what most people used to do scientific computing). By the mid 1990's there was no difference in clockspeed, thus supercomputers went massively parallel (clusters). RISC concepts combined with better and better VLSI eventually drove commodity processors to where they are today - several orders of magnitude faster than the supercomputers that came out in T-20yrs. In very general terms today's supercomputers are n times faster than today's best PCs, where n is the number of processors in the cluster. Cec 15:06, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

And today with SMP and NUMA architecture becoming commonplace on the typical user's PC the lines between supercomputers and the normal PC are even more hazy, everyday PCs can 'gang up' on embarrasingly parallel tasks (such as seti@home and other grid.org projects) and become part of a supercomputer just as if they were built into a supercomputing cluster... the only real difference besides geographical distribution of nodes here is bandwidth between nodes, and even that line is growing more hazy each year, such as with FiOS, for example. Jaqie Fox 05:58, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Table heading: Period-->Year
I changed the heading of the "Period" column to "Year", since all but one* of the computers were listed with a single year (i.e., the initial year of operation/installation), implicitly indicating that each particular computer held its place as 'King of the Hill' until the computer listed next appeared on the scene. (* I changed the ENIAC entry accordingly.) --Wernher 07:02, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Computer lifetime
On the National Center for Atmospheric Research's computer division webpage, I believe I saw a statement that the lifetime of a computer is 3 to 5 years. Is this a physical lifetime? PCs, after all seem to last longer (unless replaced). And if not worn out, what happens to old supercomputers? Simesa 23:56, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Many of them - especially groundbreaking ones - become collector's items (I'm serious) Raul654 16:53, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * One of the problems is these computers use so much power that after a period of time it's cheaper to buy a new computer than it is to keep running the old ones. That said I doubt the 3 to 5 years figure is widespread, companies invest a lot in these machines so there is a degree of inertia in keeping "old" computers going long after it would be cost effective to replace them 194.202.174.11 11:38, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

And then there is the Tin Whisker problem, which is much more severe when lead or silver solder was not used, thereby causing computer equipment (and all electronics) to have a set life to them (they bridge between soldered connectors and short them out on circuit boards, especially on the interconnects to ICs). This issue has already (allegedly, no repair crews or recovery crews have been sent up to prove this, but it is the accepted working theory) cause several to stop functioning entirely and many more to run at reduced functionality/capacity. Jaqie Fox 06:05, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Fastest computer
The fastest computer is not the Blue Gene/L. It is a petaflop Japanese computer. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.0.194.179 (talk • contribs) 22:19, 26 June 2006 (UTC).
 * If you'd actually read the link you provided it says:

The new monster box (well, room) was announced yesterday...
 * So until they get it up and running, the BlueGene/L is still the fastest. Please stop vandalising this page with your imaginary computer. Imroy 05:16, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

It's not imaginary; there is a picture of it. It "is." http://www.digitalworldtokyo.com/2006/06/japanese_supercomputer_hits_th.php It has been installed: http://ipcommunications.tmcnet.com/news/2006/06/21/173130.htm It was being talked about as something in the future in 2003. http://www.primidi.com/2003/10/01.html http://www.pinktentacle.com/2006/06/petaflops-level-supercomputer-to-be-unveiled/ http://www.primidi.com/2004/09/01.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PPTSuperComputersPRINT.jpg http://search-asp.fresheye.com/?ord=s&id=10688&kw=petaflop&Search_Execute.x=45&Search_Execute.y=2 Only the following 10 petaflops one is just planned. http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/07/26/0021238 Here's another one: http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc/694425.html —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.0.194.179 (talk • contribs) 06:09, 27 June 2006 (UTC).


 * Ok, first - don't remove other people's comments on talk pages. It is considered vandalism. Secondly, please learn to use the preview button. You're making lots of little edits that could be avoided if you'd take the time to think about a response and check it with preview before saving.


 * Now as to your claims - the HPCwire article is about a Cray machine, not the MDGrape-3. It even says "ORNL is then expected to install a next-generation Cray supercomputer in late 2008". So not a current machine. And none of the links about the MDGrape-3 say it's actually been tested. Until they test it, and get a good sustained speed, then all they can claim is the theoretical peak. Even then, several of the articles you linked to say "direct comparisons are not possible, because the BlueGene is a general-purpose supercomputer and Riken's machine is a special-purpose computer". So even if/when it beats BlueGene/L, the numbers should note this and still list BlueGene/L as the fastest general purpose computer.


 * So, once again, please stop vandalising this article with mentions of installed-but-not-tested machines and links to empty news articles (i.e digitalworldtokyo). At least wait until it's been tested, and reported in a proper publication (not a technology blog). If you continue to act in an uncooperative and anti-social fashion, you will be banned. Imroy 07:08, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

The anon is flatly wrong. Notice in the linked article: "is the first super-(duper)-computer to be capable of calculating at the petaflop level". In other words, its peak theoretical performance is more than one petaflop. There's a BIG difference between saying it can theoretically go above a petaflop and actually doing it - theoretical performance is notoriously optimistic. Raul654 16:52, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Sorry
I messed up the table. Can someone fix it, please? Thanks so much and my apologies. [User:vaceituno|vaceituno]

Timeline of supercomputers...
The Timeline of supercomputers doesn't mention the following supercomputer made in India...

"PARAM Padma computer was developed by India's Center for Development of Advanced Computer (C-DAC)"

For ref... http://www.cdac.in/html/parampma.asp

PARAM Padma is C-DAC's next generation high performance scalable computing cluster, currently with a peak computing power of One Teraflop.

The table, i think must mention about this supercomputer and its evolution.


 * Please look at thie link : http://www.cdac.in/html/ctsf/padma/padma500.asp -- Padma is very impressive, but it ranks 171 on the Top 500 list. The table in our article only lists the computer that is at the top of the top 500 list for the specified list, at least for entries in 1993 or later. The computers at the top of the list are curently several hundred times as powerful as Padma. -Arch dude 23:10, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

OS usage graph.
The graph has been part of the article for quite some time. I modified the description, because UNIX(R) and Linux(R) are in fact legally and historically quite distinct. Even if you believe that the casual user has no interest in the Linux/UNIX distinction, you should not remove the graph. Instead, you should adjust the description. The graph is important more because it shows that Linux/UNIX overwhelms alternative OSs than because of the distinction between Linux and UNIX. I personally feel that the free-versus-proprietary distinction is extremely interesting, but this in minor by comparison to the UNIX/Linux versus alternatives. If we leave it, we get both trends on a single graph. -Arch dude 02:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

request
Has anyone produced a graph showing supercomputer FLOP speed over time, and then added "popular" computers onto it, like the Altair 8080, TRS-80, Sinclair ZX, PC (at various clock speeds), PlayStation, and PDAs? I think such a graph would be very interesting indeed. Since "popular" computers came into existence in the mid 1970s, I don't think that they've ever been more than 15 years behind the Supercomputers. I would absolutely LOVE to see such a graph. —Preceding unsigned comment added by New Thought (talk • contribs) 08:34, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Console games are no where close to be measured in FLOPS, so don't bring in stupid questions, plus console games are not considered as HPC, Supercomptuer or any type of enterprise systems. I highly doubt that the 8 SuprEngine was be any differeent, they are more of a prototype quad-PPU I would call it.

By the way does anyone know how much TFLOPS is 1 quadrillion floating-point operation per second. Also how much does TFLOPS does OpenSPRAC runs at.

IBM Roadrunner -not sure is it HPC, Supercomptuer, Distributed computing, parallel computing or multiprocessing computing I just started high-end enterprise systems not too long ago. So... this can be added to the Chart

--Ramu50 (talk) 15:11, 10 June 2008 (UTC)


 * Well actually, modern games with collision detection and physics use floating point quite extensively, as do 3D games. In fact, there is a direct link between the performance of 3D graphics and floating point performance. However, I don't believe that adding a table to compare these systems to supercomputers is a good idea as they are completely different systems for completely different purposes and becuase most of these old machines mentioned didn't even have a FPU. Rilak (talk) 06:56, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Read my lastest suggestion about the chart Talk: Supercommputer "Restriction to Top500." = =\\\ I thought so people notice these 2 might be related --Ramu50 (talk) 21:10, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

vandalism
Removed vandalism. someone double check I resotred the right version when possible? Jaqie Fox 03:44, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

appropriate reference?
I'm not sure if posting a link to an Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode at the top of the page is particularly relevant or does anything for the credibility of this page as a source of information on super computers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.26.165 (talk) 02:24, 28 March, 2007 (UTC)


 * It's not really a reference, just a disambiguation link for anyone who happens to come here looking for the other topic. --Mary quite contrary (hai?) 02:37, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

I replaced the ATHF disambiguation link - it is not a reference. While someone doing research on supercomputers would not be looking for that episode (it is not an obscure show by any definition), someone looking for that episode might end up here by mistake. Hence the disambiguation link. I apologize for forgetting the edit summary, but disambiguation is very important to helping people find what they need on Wikipedia, so please leave the link as is. --Mary quite contrary (hai?) 16:14, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

If we had a disambiguation link for every TV episode title in existence, we'd have a link on the top of almost every single major wiki entry.

I tend to agree with you here, even though I've reverted removals in the past. It seems that other editors wanted to keep it, but I'd be glad to see it go, I'd think anyone searching for the ATHF episode will probably not be too confused to find an article about a supercomputer if they searched for that term. -- JSBillings  11:36, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

The point is not whether someone searching for the eposide would be surprised to end up at a supercomputer article, it's whether someone searching for that episode would stumble across this page while trying to find it. If it is not easy enough for people to find, it will not get used as a resource (wikipedia) as much. It's all in making things more easily accessible to people. Jaqie Fox 05:17, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

I looked at other articles that share their name with ATHF episode names. Most of them either do not have a link directly to the ATHF article (The and Super Model for example) and some refer to a disambiguation page which links to the ATHF episode (Circus for example). I think that a link to a disambiguation page would look better than a link to a cartoon at the top of an article about supercomputers. -- JSBillings  13:58, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

I heartily agree. total removal is bad, a disambiguation link such as is on Circus is much preferred to the current link. Jaqie Fox 21:52, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Ok, Supercomputer (disambiguation) exists and is referred to at the top of the article. I just added the Supercomputer and Super Computer links. I'm thinking it might be nice to link to High Performance Computing too. -- JSBillings  22:44, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

I still think it's inappropriate. We don't have disamgiuation links for Super Bowl, Super Model, PDA, etc. for ATHF episodes because it's such an obscure show. And the episode articles are merely stubs. It's like an ATHF invasion of wiki. - Animesouth 03:19, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Pardon the change, but this is turning into a single long conversation thread anyway so there's no use in keeping all those spacings that wastes so much space in this case. Anyway, I personally hate AHTF and wish it would vaporize into thin air with all the other stuff I feel is crap, but it is definitely not obscure by the wikipedia definition, and if you feel the stubs don't belong then you should edit them into full articles, or maybe campaign to make it into a single AHTF article instead of one for each show, but this is not the place to discuss that, the AHTF page is. The disambiguation page as it stands now is precisely what was needed. Whether or not to link the AHTF from here should no longer be discussed because it is not linked from here, it is linked from the disambiguation page itself. Jaqie Fox 06:27, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

I think the link to the Supercomputer_(disambiguation) page is a good compromise. Ttiotsw 08:02, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

An ATHF episode may be significant enough to have a wiki article (which I certainly doubt, but as you stated, that's a different argument altogether), but is it significant enough to listed as a disambiguation of a much more encyclopedic-worthy article? No one is going to remember ATHF in 10 years. But supercomputers will be around, if not merely for historical purposes. Even "The Sopranos", which is a vastly more popular cable TV show, does not have disambiguation links for its episode titles when it coincides with major articles. Why should ATHF receive preferential treament? -Animesouth 14:06, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

The disambiguation page is a compromise between those who think it is useless to link to an ATHF page on this article, and those who want to maintain a useful project that has information for any audience. I tend to agree with you that a TV episode is an ephemeral item, however it is actually pretty hard to find the ATHF episode entry if you're actually looking for it on wikipedia. The disambiguation page solves the problem. -- JSBillings  16:12, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

JSBillings, it's not an issue nor a war, not anymore. I contacted an admin a few moments ago (as animesouth had been vandalizing my talk page with false vandalism warnings, which is in itself vandalism) and got it all straightened out. check my and animesouth's pages if you want more info :) Jaqie Fox 16:39, 3 July 2007 (UTC)


 * Ack! Please stop removing the colons for indenting.  If you feel that it takes up too much space, customize the stylesheet you use to view Wikipedia.  Read Help:User_style for more information about that.  In fact, stop removing other people's comments altogether! --  JSBillings  12:26, 5 July 2007 (UTC)


 * By WP:VAND definition, removal of user discussion comments is considered vandalism: "Discussion page vandalism:  Blanking the posts of other users from talk pages other than your own".  -Animesouth 01:39, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Software Tools
I reverted the Software Tools section to something that was actually about software tools. I removed the "Virtual Supercomputer" reference, because the definition of supercomputer is better explained later. The software tools section starts out OK, but then turns into an advertisement for Apple's software. JSBillings 13:34, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Shaw TSRTWO Project ?
Am I the only one who thinks this addition is rather suspicious? Some more detailed references seem to be necessary...

JH-man 08:51, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Considering it links to pages created by the same user as the editor who added it, and the name of the user, I tend to think it is quite suspicious.  I haven't heard of it before, and judging from the fact that all the pages that it refers to were created at the same time as the entry with no external references, it's probably bogus.  JSBillings  11:42, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Small error / inconsistency with tabulators linked
If you look at the very first of the wikipedia article, and then over at the linked http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine page, the year in which New York Times first used the 'supercomputer' term is different. As I do not know the proper year and am incredibly tired(insomnia) someone please look up the right one and fix this.... oh and please remove this entire comment of mine once you have, if you would. thanks! Jaqie Fox 12:32, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Cleaned up "Software Tools" section
I removed a lot of text from the "Software Tools" section because part of it read like an advertisement for Apple's Shake (software) app. I think the section really needs to be expanded, discussing other tools, such as performance tuning tools (vtune, for example) and debugging tools for supercomuting/hpc code (such as totalview). JSBillings 14:14, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

New information about BlueGene
All the information about the BlueGene/P was added without any references. The current references are all old, and only refer to the BlueGene/L. -- JSBillings  14:23, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * (Note: I'm not the editor who added Blue Gene/P in the first place.) This page has had over-enthusiastic additions of "the fastest computer" several times over the years. However, the lead para on the timeline says that we now use the TOP500 as our benchmark. Therefore, I removed most of the info, since it is in the Blue Gene article anyway. I also adjusted the references for BlueGene/L, added a refrence for Blue Gene/P, and removed the assertion that Blue Gene/P is currently the fastest, since it is not yet deployed.I should probably also move it to the "research" area until it actually shows up on the TOP500, but I decided to trust IBM for a few months. Feel free to be harsher as necessary. -Arch dude 16:55, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
 * So much for trust. I finally noticed this again and removed the paragraph entirely, since it proved to be incorrect. -Arch dude (talk) 10:33, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Unified formatting for flop/flops/FLOPS
Between petaflop, petaflops, petaFLOPS, PFLOPS, TFLOPS, etc. I think there should be a standard usage throughout this article. It gets confusing when two different notations are used for the same measurement.
 * The article has a specific paragraph explaining the units of measurement, and the article uses TFLOPS consistently instead of teraflops. I therefore added the definition of PFLOPS to the definition paragraph and changed all occurances of "petaflops" to PFLOPS. -Arch dude 16:47, 4 August 2007 (UTC)


 * A greater problem exists in the performance figures for each machine in the table. The performance figures do not correspond to the performance of any of those machines in the year of their introduction be they Cray-1 or CDC 205, etc.  The cited performance figures are optimistic at best only in the latter year of their introduction.  Additionally, at best only site in the world existed for the 205 to anywhere near approach that performance because the configuration of the machine only existed at one site (all other sites having far smaller pipe configurations).  I would go so far as to suggest removing that entry because I never that performance and is likely that it's a cooked up marketing number.  The article as a whole needs a good going over. 143.232.210.38 (talk) 23:37, 28 December 2007 (UTC) --enm

Repairing vandalism
There were a lot of things removed by several vandals. Including this was a bunch of perfectly good links, that I've restored. I also restored the Quasi-supercomputing section, which must have been lost in the vandalism fixes. -- JSBillings  21:30, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

FLOPS versus OPS
There is no explanation of "OPS" and derivatives, used for pre-1960 computers in the table, and no explanation of how it relates to FLOPS w.r.t. processing speed/time. —DIV (128.250.204.118 00:56, 24 October 2007 (UTC))

FLOPS=Floating-Point Operations Per Second OPS=Operations Per Second

FLOPS is simply restricting your performance measurments to only measuring operations dealing with floating-point numbers.

Veddan (talk) 15:41, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Definition
I think the definition needs work: Surely a supercomputer is a computer that is 'massively' faster than an 'average' (or even 'good') contemporary computer, irrespective of whether the prospective supercomputer is actually the fastest or 'near' the fastest. In particular, considering the TOP500 list of 27 June 2007 listed the worlds fastest "supercomputer" speed as 280.6 TFLOPS, while the world's 500th fastest "supercomputer" speed was only 4.0 TFLOPS — basically 70 times slower. Note further that the slower machine was dated 2007, whereas the newer machine was dated 2005.  It is not accurate to state that the slower machine " led the world (or was close to doing so) in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction " (as the article currently reads), and yet it is accepted that it is a "supercomputer"! — DIV (128.250.204.118 01:12, 24 October 2007 (UTC))

Update on speed of Blue Gene/L
Blue Gene/L seems to have been upgraded over summer, and is now clocking in at 478 TFLOPS. References http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7092339.stm http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc/1889245.html http://www.hemscott.com/news/latest-news/item.do?newsId=53878217307964

Should maybe change the article to reflect this. Malbolge 12:06, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, that's the BlueGene/P, and I don't believe there is a real-world installation yet. (correct me if I'm wrong). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jsbillings (talk • contribs) 12:44, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Nope, it is the BlueGene/L. According to the TOP500, its achieved 478.2 TFLOPS after a recent upgrade as mentioned before. Rilak 13:41, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Ranger
I'm surprized there's nothing on the Sun Microsystems' new supercomputer called Ranger in Wikipedia yet. &mdash;ZeroOne ( talk / @ ) 00:04, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Inconsistency in List vis-a-vis Top 500
Hi,

According to the Top 500, the Thinking Machine supercomputer of 1993 had a "Rpeak Sum (GF)" of 691. I assume that they mean a top speed of 691 GFLOPS. But the list here says the Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 in 1993 was capable of only 65.5 GFLOPS. Why the inconsistency?

Thanks,

210.206.137.53 (talk) 06:06, 18 January 2008 (UTC)


 * The list here is correct. If I am not mistaken (I'm not familiar with Thinking Machine's systems) the CM-5's architecture supports a maximum of 16,384 processors. The system listed here is clearly stated to have had 1,024 processors, thus the difference in performance. Also, I think that the TOP500 always gives the maximum theoretical performance when discussing a system, and the actual benchmarked performance when discussing an installation. Rilak (talk) 12:44, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Software tools - Open source community
This quote seems a bit... anti-open source, I doubt anyone in the open source community would deliberately create 'disruptive' software when it comes to this field but not sure, maybe someone else noticed that? "open source community which often creates disruptive technology in this arena." Akritu (talk) 07:49, 21 January 2008 (UTC)


 * I linked it. "Disruptive technology" is a marketing term from the dot.bomb era. It is (was) actually a highly favorable description: if y9ou had Disruptive technology, you would make a lot on money,and itf you did nbot, your were a dinosaur. -Arch dude (talk) 01:35, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Restriction to Top500
I removed a non-Top500 entry from the list. The entry was for TACC and was based on a press release. While I have no reason to doubt that TACC is as fast as described, We need to have some sort of objective standard, and today, as flawed as it may be, Top500 is that standard.

There have been many, many announcements of "Fastest computer" since 1993 that are not on this list, and the list will become unwieldy if we add them all. Allowing self-proclaimed "#1"s in this list would be the equivalent of allowing any professional american football team to add itself to a list of #1 football teams based on the weekly standings rather than on the superbowl. -Arch dude (talk) 09:56, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

What are the sources for the list? I understand prior to 1993 there are various sources. Otherwise TOP500. I am looking for a list just like this for print publication and would like to source them accurately (including a "compiled by" source) The TACC DATA hopefully will make the next list. ---(austexcal, may 19,2008) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Austexcal (talk • contribs) 22:55, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Hmm...maybe we should open a new article that consist a list of supercomputer, HPC, distributed computing and other various high-performance research or enterprise system, because most people use Wikipedia as a learning center, so I think documenting all in one. People might be more interested in looking some of the major breakthrough in the list to better understand how the multicore architecture works. At least I would be very interested in reading it. But for the list in the article I suggest any high performance enterprise system can be place on there, but """TRY""" to narrow them down between 50~150FLOPS, unless they are for research purpose, otherwise it would look like too much of a "How to buy HPC" topic than understanding the history. = = --Ramu50 (talk) 05:45, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Sourcing for peak speed numbers
Where are these numbers coming from? Are you sure they're even right? For example the Cray corporate website's history section says that the Cray-1 had a top speed of 160 MFLOPS, http://www.cray.com/about_cray/history.html This section claims it as 250 MFLOPS Phatalbert (talk) 00:33, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

IBM Roadrunner
Should the IBM Roadrunner be added to the supercomputer timeline? -- Alan Liefting ( talk ) - 03:39, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Please discuss above in the section "Restriction to the TOP500". -Arch dude (talk) 11:53, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Virtual Tape Library
Is VTL design for supercomputer, HPC or just regular workstations / servers? --Ramu50 (talk) 00:45, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
 * (Please add new sections at the bottom, not the top.)
 * VTLs are generally associated withe mainframes and enterprise servers rather than supercomputers. -Arch dude (talk) 03:40, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Sequoia
This new IBM computer is to be built: "IBM is to build a hugely powerful supercomputer capable of performing at 20 petaflops per second, twenty times faster than the current record holder, namely the 1 petaflop Roadrunner machine it delivered back in June to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"

--MurderWatcher1 (talk) 14:59, 5 February 2009 (UTC)
 * http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/020409-ibm-to-build-new-monster.html?page=1

While this it is good to give indications of future systems, I would make this more generic. Something like "It is estimated that some supercomputers may achieve a peak performance of approximately 20 petaflops by the end of 2011. IBM has announce plans to deliver such a machine.  This 20-fold jump from 1 petaflop in 2008 (Roadrunner and Jaguar systems) to 20 petaflops in 2011 would actually exceed the typical "Moore's law rate of increase." --Coffeespoon (talk) 18:38, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

University of Toronto's SciNet Consortium supercomputer
The IBM System x iDataPlex Supercomputer can perform 300 trillion calculations per second, operates on 3,240 intel 5500 series 2.53 GHz processor cores arranged in 45 file-like stacks, is Canada's fastest supercomputer, is the number one super computer outside of United States and is the 12th fastest globally. Is it too slow to be listed? Super-Computer related citations at SciNet Consortium SriMesh | talk  00:13, 19 June 2009 (UTC)
 * This article is not a list of all supercomputers. The only list in this article is the list of computers that were the number one csupercomputer in the world at some time. -Arch dude (talk) 11:13, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

I agree. I also think we can delete "In May 2008 a collaboration was announced between NASA, SGI and Intel to build a 1 petaflops computer, Pleiades, in 2009" since there are actually several systems slated for delivery in 2009 that will exceed 1PF. --Coffeespoon (talk) 18:44, 21 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I concur. This article suffers continually from "recentism," and therefore needs frequent work of this type. It's inherent in the nature of the article that we must basially violate the "recentism" guideline that we use for almost all other Wikipedia articles. Please be bold and edit the article. -Arch dude (talk) 19:52, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

"semi-infinite "
Can something even be semi-infinite? I know what your going for with the hyperbole but is it the best way to convey information in an encyclopedia? Sorry for not editing this myself but my kowledge of the subject is limited. Stupidstudent (talk) 07:33, 1 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It's a maths term for when you have a finite number of variables and infinite constraints or finite constraints and infinite variables. We have a wiki article of semi-infinite programming which I suggest we should link to. Ttiotsw (talk) 08:49, 1 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Is it worth linking to in the article? Stupidstudent (talk) 21:19, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Roadrunner beaten.
Roadrunner is no longer the fastest supercomputer.

http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/0559346.htm

http://www.top500.org/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.130.196.154 (talk) 05:30, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

So why didn't you update the table? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.149.235.218 (talk) 05:27, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Historical omission
The Atlas Computer was the world's fastest computer in 1962. Should it be added to the list?


 * A period of time existed when all computers were deeded "fast". After a while, that term lost its meaning. When it came time for the justification of a faster machine for specifically fusion bomb design, which also used the single word prefix "super", guys from the bomb labs went before Congress to justify their purchase with the prefix. The page is actually pretty messed up as it is. 143.232.210.38 (talk) 17:51, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Operating system makeover
Quote: Operating system section "are at least as complex as those for smaller machines. Historically, their user interfaces tended to be less developed, as the OS developers had limited programming resources to spend on non-essential parts of the OS (i.e., parts not directly contributing to the optimal utilization of the machine's hardware). These computers, often priced at millions of dollars, are sold to a very small market and the R&D budget for the OS was often limited. The advent of Unix and Linux allows reuse of conventional desktop software and user interfaces."

Comment: irrelevant to supercomputing aspects of operating systems. The quote is about Also "are sold to a very small" needs a citation or rewording. This drivel is probably worse than the space nothing would invite. Besides Supercomputing is to large, (for those of us who use very old supercomputers to edit with); and actually factually, "some sections may need expansion", per its WP:BCLASS classification (italics mine).
 * servers in general;
 * computer programming in general;
 * marketing (probably stale) in general;
 * business budgeting for R&D.

For the same bulleted reasons above I removed "It is interesting to note that this has been a continuing trend throughout the supercomputer industry, with former technology leaders such as Silicon Graphics taking a back seat to such companies as AMD and NVIDIA, who have been able to produce cheap, feature-rich, high-performance, and innovative products due to the vast number of consumers driving their R&D."

My thought upon reading it was an innocent and natural opposition: "It would be more interesting to note the operating system aspects of supercomputing", and I think that will apply to most readers.

Likewise "In the future, the highest-performance systems are likely to use a variant of Linux but with incompatible system-unique features (especially for the highest-end systems at secure facilities)."

The encyclopedic facts of supercomputing operating systems might be that the "incompatible system-unique features" are in actuality instruction sets. Rather it might have said: "Supercomputing operating systems involve designing operating-system-specializing microprocessors with specially designed instruction sets in their controller sections, and these designs are not likely to remain state-of-the-art, and that's why supercomputers are expensive&mdash;they are custom built." That was an educated guess.


 * Yeah, and it's got a generally right conclusion (custom built hardware) but wrong way of getting there. The OS is generally a port (a transport or copy) of existing software with minimal revisions. Your fallacy is that the software is no longer designed. The last firm which attempted a complete supercomputer OS design was ETA Systems and their attempt (EOS) was a major factor on two levels which killed the company. Arguably, Thinking Machines made a similar set of mistakes, but that's a harder case to explain, because of the separation of the CM from its workstation servers. The CM was more of an attached processor. 143.232.210.38 (talk) 18:00, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Here some WP:NOR removed "In the future, the highest-performance systems are likely to use a variant of Linux but with incompatible system-unique features (especially for the highest-end systems at secure facilities)."

Thank you. We are all welcome. &mdash; Cp i r al Cpiral  23:06, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

All Computers Made Before The 60s Were Supercomputers of Their Time
Weren't all computers made before the 60s supercomputers of their time? --Matthew Bauer (talk) 02:57, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * NO. the computer maufacturers each made a range of machines, and the smaller ones were never the fastest of their time. an example is the IBM 1401. -Arch dude (talk) 17:14, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Modern desktop faster than 10 yo supercomputer???
The article included a phrase "a single modern desktop PC is now more powerful than a ten-year-old supercomputer" and then proceeds to claim that a $4000 workstation (presumably from 2010) outperforms a supercomputer from the 1990's. That's not 10 years, that's up to 20 years difference. For example, the state-of-the art supercomputer of the year 2000 did 7 TFLOPS (double precision), while a high-end desktop may do 0.1 TFLOPS in double precision and 1 TFLOPS in single precision with GPGPU. Also in terms of memory capacity and bandwidth, there is quite a gap between 10-year-old supercomputers and present-day desktops, which cannot be equipped with multi-TB RAM memory and 100s of TB hard disk space.

I removed this statement. Han-Kwang (t) 20:22, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

'All electricity to heat'
The `Supercomputer challenges, technologies` section contains this line:
 * "A typical TOP500 supercomputer consumes between 1 and 10 megawatt of electricity and converts all of it into heat."

Bold emphasis mine. Surely all the power is not converted to heat or else there would be no actual computing being done.
 * It's all converted to heat in the process of being used for computing. Even if all of the other components (power supplies, fans, etc.) were 100% efficient, the electricity expended in switching each transistor (the basic element of the computational process) converts electricity to heat. This is why a powerful processor needs a big heatsink. -Arch dude (talk) 15:24, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Deep Thought should be added to pop culture/fictional supercomputer list
Deep Thought as well as the Earth(in the fictional context of Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) should be added to this section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.198.196.62 (talk) 16:35, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Supercomputer uses in research section
I'm adding a section on the uses of supercomputers in research. While this information is scattered throughout the article, there is a lot to be said on this that isn't said. Also, I haven't found an article anywhere else that addresses this, so I figure this is as good a place as any to organize this information. This appears to be an article that has had a lot of effort put into it, so as a newcomer to this page (and as one that has little education in the subject) I don't want to step on any toes; any helpful emendations to this section would be welcome. Kant66 (talk) 02:41, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Welcome and thanks. I (one of many editors of this article) Think that your section is appropriate and is in the correct place in the article. Please continue to contribute. Now for a few suggestions. First, I think the section would benefit by a more "historical" perspective: your thesis is correct, but supercomputers have contributed to "bleeding-edge" research since their inception, and each generation tends to attack relevant problems that are then solved and no longer need supercomputers, or that can be attacked by newer commodity computers, or (as in the case of weather predction) still require supercomputers but have become operational problems rather than research problems. May I suggest that you try to fine an example problem in (say) each decade since (say) 1960 that was attacked as a resaerch problem using supercomputing? For each such problem and attack, mention, the computer and the outcome. -Arch dude (talk) 01:25, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I added a table with some decade-by-decade examples. I also added another section to cover current uses of supercomputing. I wasn't sure if it would be better to fold this section into the timeline or to keep it separate. Also, I'm aware that the term "supercomputer" didn't come around until until the 1960s, but thought that the 1940s and 1950s operational capabilities provide a nice basis for comparison. However, I'm open to starting in the 1960s.Kant66 (talk) 16:40, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Likely new record for the quasi-supercomputing category
That section currently reads "The fastest cluster, Folding@home, reported 8.8 petaflops of processing power as of May 2011.". Compare this with the Bitcoin mining network, which BitcoinWatch.com estimates to use 65.5 petaflops as of today (with a rather impressive historical growth rate too.) 99.58.56.97 (talk) 18:40, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

Edit: 17:43(GMT), 26.04.2013 Network Hashrate - 880.04 PetaFLOPS http://bitcoincharts.com/bitcoin/ I believe this is the fastest cluster of purpose built machines on earth. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.25.146.165 (talk) 16:51, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

SC conference/show?
Does it have a WP article? I can't find it. FuFoFuEd (talk) 14:59, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

K Computer
Although the K computer is correctly referenced as the fastest supercomputer in the lead and the Timeline of supercomputers (at the end of the article), it also should be referenced in: and possibly in: replacing the Tianhe-1A. --RoyGoldsmith (talk) 12:26, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Modern supercomputer architecture
 * The fastest supercomputers today, Current fastest supercomputer system
 * Timeline of supercomputer uses (at the beginning)
 * Supercomputer challenges, technologies

Yesterday...
I started to look at this page, and suddenly music started playing in the back of my mind: a shadow hanging over me, Oh, yesterday came suddenly. This article is just dated, i reads like yesterday... Oh, I believe in yesterday...

I do not have time to fix/rewrite it and I do not want to put a rewrite tag on it yet, so let us see if I can talk someone to adding refs so the unref-tags can come off and then gradually bring it up to date, etc. So who is playing with this page these days? History2007 (talk) 20:51, 7 July 2011 (UTC)


 * I guess now that there is no response, need to say it is out of date with some type of tag. Even the computer on the main image is now outrun by the iPad. So every aspect is outdated. But I changed the Cray 1985 image so at least the reader gets a feeling for what a modern machine looks like from the outside. History2007 (talk) 20:06, 8 July 2011 (UTC)


 * What is out-of-date about it? I strongly dispute that "every aspect is outdated". Most of the article appears to be about general principles and definitions, approaches and limitations to them, origins and history, etc. Very little appears to be intended to be outdated-current (however, "fastest" or "largest" should definitely be written as "as of [month/year]..." or somesuch) or forward-looking that has been disproven by reality (like a trip to Epcot Center). The thumb is not supposed to be a current top-performer, but more an iconic or representative image of the idea. I agree with the existing, that a purpose-built supercomputer is more representative than a generic device that can do better. DMacks (talk) 20:20, 8 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Oh, don't get upset now. I only tagged it after no one responded to offer to work on it. How about your fixing the unref issue, then we see. Overall, my feeling was/is that it is just yester-news, but I really do not want to spend time cleaning it up yet. So would you like to help? History2007 (talk) 20:28, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
 * This isn't quite my field any more, I was just coming in from a notice-board message. I agree with the concern there that this tagging seemed like a heavy-handed (overly broad-brush) approach. Which is why I specifically said what topics seemed okay that got swept in, and asked for clarification about the scope of the problem. Major sections of the article appears to be intended to give historical perspective, not just document the latest/recent advances (I agree with the dateness of the newsy sections). The new lede image is a great one. DMacks (talk) 20:50, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I think the problem is that right from the start it seems stuck with the CDC mentality in the lede and that yesterday's approach tone continues throughout, just presenting history not architectural issues. That was why it really made me sing Yesterday as I read it. I will get to it sooner or later, but hopefully someone will do some clean up before I can focus on it. History2007 (talk) 21:03, 8 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ah yeah, looking closer at some of the general intro stuff, I agree that it's deeperly stale than I thought. DMacks (talk) 21:09, 8 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Anyway, I have started cleaning up the peripheral material such as the processor types, etc. and started History of supercomputing to discuss the history items (which are pretty incomplete here anyway) there. Once those are in good shape I will discuss the architectural issues, modern trends, etc. here, building on that. So I will gradually fix it among other things that I am doing. My guess is that in a month or so it will probably in better shape with suitable sub-articles. History2007 (talk) 22:34, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

By the way DMacks, a month later, let me note that I have not forgotten about this article, but there is plenty of peripheral material that needs to be written before I can fix things here, e.g. how the Power 775 (I have started that now) is moving back to water-cooled systems vs the Blue Gene low powered approach etc. That type of thing needs to be done before I can do a section on heat management, and eventually the whole issue of heat in supercomputing will probably need to have a separate article - it really deserves a page. And of course there need to be sections on how the OS issues get handled, etc. and all of that may take well over two months to do, in order to get it right. History2007 (talk) 00:14, 14 August 2011 (UTC)


 * The next generation BlueGene is expected to be water cooled, according to the prototype boards shown at SC10, and other public information so water cooled and low power are not mutually exclusive, though high power pretty much mandates water cooling (the old NEC earth simulator building cutaway would be fun to show as a contrary example). Indulis.b (talk) 00:54, 27 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Let us see if they get a water cooled B-G working. By the way, is there a source that compares air-cooled to the old VW aircooling somehow? That would be fun to add. In any case, since you mentioned it, I built Aquasar along those lines. History2007 (talk) 08:00, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Why Russia has no supercomputer?
I thought Russia is a technology developed country in almost all sectors...219.151.158.84 (talk) 17:10, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Interesting observation. But as of Nov 2011, this system in Moscow is number 18 in the world. In June 2011 they announced plans for larger systems, but that is in the future. I added a section here anyway.


 * As a whole how many personal computers does Russia export? How many memory chips do they sell? Korea and Taiwan sell more memory chips across the world than Russia. So there does not seem to be a base for that in their computer industry. The Japanese have a large computing industry infrastructure, etc.


 * But, a major new development was that the Chinese have a supercomputer with "their own CPU" now. Slower than Tianhee, but a major issue. I will clean up this article, one day, one day and add all that... History2007 (talk) 22:55, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * PS, FYI I built a quick page for T-Platforms which is the main company there. Yo can look them up on the web for more info. History2007 (talk) 18:57, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Removed citation from Wired.com that indicated power costs were $1 per Watt
I have just edited the section under "Current fastest supercomputer system" to a more up-to-date max power usage and removed what I believed not to be factual data. Is a Wired article even a valid source? I don't think any of their articles are scrutinized heavily in the industry. If someone can find a reputable source indicating that power is $1 per watt in Japan, I would love to see it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JEIhrig (talk • contribs) 06:52, 19 January 2012 (UTC)


 * The total operating costs are about $10M per year. That was probably what they meant. So just under $1M per month to keep it running, which sounds to be in the right ballpark. Anyway, I fixed that for now. But almost nothing in this article has been double checked - there are many, many errors of commission and omission. I have been intending to work on it... intending to work on it... Soon.... soon... History2007 (talk) 09:44, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

Article clean up
I have eventually freed up from other things to start cleaning up here. The basic strategy is to have a series of well sourced and error free sub-articles that deal with each of the aspects such as architecture, distribution vs centralization, software issues, etc. Then this article will be a backbone that refers to those via Mains. It does need to get to be in "very good shape" given that it gets viewed about 1 million times a year and we should be careful to spread only correct information here.

I have written a couple of articles now, e.g. history, architecture, etc. and will do a few more, as I clean up here. I have not removed the outdated flag yet because there are still a few issues to resolve, but I should be able to fix them and remove the flag after I fixing the lede as well. History2007 (talk) 21:50, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Claim of 132 exaflop computer is suspect
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:FLOPS#ISRO_.3E100_EFlops_by_2017_is_highly_unlikely Isamil (talk) 17:43, 28 May 2012 (UTC)


 * I just bought a 129 exaflop tablet at Best Buy yesterday... kidding. That is very ambitious, but it just said that it is planned, not that they have even plugged it in yet, so per WP:CRYSTAL I trimmed the "they are sure" part. They say they have planned and lots of people have planned lots of things - so they can just say that it is a plan. Plans may succeeed or they may fail, so no big deal now that it has been trimmed there. I trimmed it here too. History2007 (talk) 17:55, 28 May 2012 (UTC)