Talk:Tetragrammaton in the New Testament/source

Talk:Tetragrammaton in the New Testament

it-2 pp. 9-10 Jehovah
In the Christian Greek Scriptures. In view of this evidence it seems most unusual to find that the extant manuscript copies of the original text of the Christian Greek Scriptures do not contain the divine name in its full form. The name therefore is also absent from most translations of the so-called New Testament. Yet the name does appear in these sources in its abbreviated form at Revelation 19:1, 3, 4, 6, in the expression “Alleluia” or “Hallelujah” (KJ, Dy, JB, AS, RS). The call there recorded as spoken by spirit sons of God to “Praise Jah, you people!” (NW) makes clear that the divine name was not obsolete; it was as vital and pertinent as it had been in the pre-Christian period. Why, then, the absence of its full form from the Christian Greek Scriptures?

Why is the divine name in its full form not in any available ancient manuscript of the Christian Greek Scriptures?

The argument long presented was that the inspired writers of the Christian Greek Scriptures made their quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures on the basis of the Septuagint, and that, since this version substituted Ky´ri·os or The·os´ for the Tetragrammaton, these writers did not use the name Jehovah. As has been shown, this argument is no longer valid. Commenting on the fact that the oldest fragments of the Greek Septuagint do contain the divine name in its Hebrew form, Dr. P. Kahle says: “We now know that the Greek Bible text [the Septuagint] as far as it was written by Jews for Jews did not translate the Divine name by kyrios, but the Tetragrammaton written with Hebrew or Greek letters was retained in such MSS [manuscripts]. It was the Christians who replaced the Tetragrammaton by kyrios, when the divine name written in Hebrew letters was not understood any more.” (The Cairo Geniza, Oxford, 1959, p. 222) When did this change in the Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures take place?

It evidently took place in the centuries following the death of Jesus and his apostles. In Aquila’s Greek version, dating from the second century C.E., the Tetragrammaton still appeared in Hebrew characters. Around 245 C.E., the noted scholar Origen produced his Hexapla, a six-column reproduction of the inspired Hebrew Scriptures: (1) in their original Hebrew and Aramaic, accompanied by (2) a transliteration into Greek, and by the Greek versions of (3) Aquila, (4) Symmachus, (5) the Septuagint, and (6) Theodotion. On the evidence of the fragmentary copies now known, Professor W. G. Waddell says: “In Origen’s Hexapla. . . the Greek versions of Aquila, Symmachus, and LXX [Septuagint] all represented JHWH by ????; in the second column of the Hexapla the Tetragrammaton was written in Hebrew characters.” (The Journal of Theological Studies, Oxford, Vol. XLV, 1944, pp. 158, 159) Others believe the original text of Origen’s Hexapla used Hebrew characters for the Tetragrammaton in all its columns. Origen himself stated that “in the most accurate manuscripts THE NAME occurs in Hebrew characters, yet not in today’s Hebrew [characters], but in the most ancient ones.”

As late as the fourth century C.E., Jerome, the translator of the Latin Vulgate, says in his prologue to the books of Samuel and Kings: “And we find the name of God, the Tetragrammaton [i.e., ????], in certain Greek volumes even to this day expressed in ancient letters.” In a letter written at Rome, 384 C.E., Jerome states: “The ninth [name of God] is the Tetragrammaton, which they considered [a·nek·pho´ne·ton], that is, unspeakable, and it is written with these letters, Iod, He, Vau, He. Certain ignorant ones, because of the similarity of the characters, when they would find it in Greek books, were accustomed to read ???? [Greek letters corresponding to the Roman letters PIPI].”—Papyrus Grecs Bibliques, by F. Dunand, Cairo, 1966, p. 47, ftn. 4.

The so-called Christians, then, who “replaced the Tetragrammaton by kyrios” in the Septuagint copies, were not the early disciples of Jesus. They were persons of later centuries, when the foretold apostasy was well developed and had corrupted the purity of Christian teachings.—2Th 2:3; 1Ti 4:1.

Used by Jesus and his disciples. Thus, in the days of Jesus and his disciples the divine name very definitely appeared in copies of the Scriptures, both in Hebrew manuscripts and in Greek manuscripts. Did Jesus and his disciples use the divine name in speech and in writing? In view of Jesus’ condemnation of Pharisaic traditions (Mt 15:1-9), it would be highly unreasonable to conclude that Jesus and his disciples let Pharisaic ideas (such as are recorded in the Mishnah) govern them in this matter. Jesus’ own name means “Jehovah Is Salvation.” He stated: “I have come in the name of my Father” (Joh 5:43); he taught his followers to pray: “Our Father in the heavens, let your name be sanctified” (Mt 6:9); his works, he said, were done “in the name of my Father” (Joh 10:25); and, in prayer on the night of his death, he said he had made his Father’s name manifest to his disciples and asked, “Holy Father, watch over them on account of your own name” (Joh 17:6, 11, 12, 26). In view of all of this, when Jesus quoted the Hebrew Scriptures or read from them he certainly used the divine name, Jehovah. (Compare Mt 4:4, 7, 10 with De 8:3; 6:16; 6:13; also Mt 22:37 with De 6:5; and Mt 22:44 with Ps 110:1; as well as Lu 4:16-21 with Isa 61:1, 2.) Logically, Jesus’ disciples, including the inspired writers of the Christian Greek Scriptures, would follow his example in this.

Why, then, is the name absent from the extant manuscripts of the Christian Greek Scriptures or so-called New Testament? Evidently because by the time those extant copies were made (from the third century C.E. onward) the original text of the writings of the apostles and disciples had been altered. Thus later copyists undoubtedly replaced the divine name in Tetragrammaton form with Ky´ri·os and The·os´. (PICTURE, Vol. 1, p. 324) This is precisely what the facts show was done in later copies of the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.

Restoration of the divine name in translation. Recognizing that this must have been the case, some translators have included the name Jehovah in their renderings of the Christian Greek Scriptures. The Emphatic Diaglott, a 19th-century translation by Benjamin Wilson, contains the name Jehovah a number of times, particularly where the Christian writers quoted from the Hebrew Scriptures. But as far back as the 14th century the Tetragrammaton had already begun to be used in translations of the Christian Scriptures into Hebrew, beginning with the translation of Matthew into Hebrew that was incorporated in the work ´E´ven bo´chan by Shem-Tob ben Isaac Ibn Shaprut. Wherever Matthew quoted from the Hebrew Scriptures, this translation used the Tetragrammaton in each case of its occurrence. Many other Hebrew translations have since followed the same practice.

As to the properness of this course, note the following acknowledgment by R. B. Girdlestone, late principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. The statement was made before manuscript evidence came to light showing that the Greek Septuagint originally contained the name Jehovah. He said: “If that [Septuagint] version had retained the word [Jehovah], or had even used one Greek word for Jehovah and another for Adonai, such usage would doubtless have been retained in the discourses and arguments of the N. T. Thus our Lord, in quoting the 110th Psalm, instead of saying, ‘The Lord said unto my Lord,’ might have said, ‘Jehovah said unto Adoni.’”

Proceeding on this same basis (which evidence now shows to have been actual fact) he adds: “Supposing a Christian scholar were engaged in translating the Greek Testament into Hebrew, he would have to consider, each time the word ?????? occurred, whether there was anything in the context to indicate its true Hebrew representative; and this is the difficulty which would arise in translating the N. T. into all languages if the title Jehovah had been allowed to stand in the [Septuagint translation of the] O. T. The Hebrew Scriptures would be a guide in many passages: thus, wherever the expression ‘the angel of the Lord’ occurs, we know that the word Lord represents Jehovah; a similar conclusion as to the expression ‘the word of the Lord’ would be arrived at, if the precedent set by the O. T. were followed; so also in the case of the title ‘the Lord of Hosts.’ Wherever, on the contrary, the expression ‘My Lord’ or ‘Our Lord’ occurs, we should know that the word Jehovah would be inadmissible, and Adonai or Adoni would have to be used.” (Synonyms of the Old Testament, 1897, p. 43) It is on such a basis that translations of the Greek Scriptures (mentioned earlier) containing the name Jehovah have proceeded.

Outstanding, however, in this regard is the New World Translation, used throughout this work, in which the divine name in the form “Jehovah” appears 237 times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. As has been shown, there is sound basis for this.

Rbi8 pp. 1564-1566 1D The Divine Name in the Christian Greek Scriptures
1D The Divine Name in the Christian Greek Scriptures

'''“Jehovah.” Heb., ???? (YHWH or JHVH)'''

From App 1A and 1C it is evident that the Tetragrammaton in Hebrew characters (????) was used in both the Hebrew text and the Greek Septuagint. Therefore, whether Jesus and his disciples read the Scriptures in either Hebrew or Greek, they would come across the divine name. In the synagogue at Nazareth, when Jesus rose and accepted the book of Isaiah and read 61:1, 2 where the Tetragrammaton occurs twice, he pronounced the divine name. This was in accordance with his determination to make Jehovah’s name known as can be seen from his prayer to his Father: “I have made your name manifest to the men you gave me out of the world. . . . I have made your name known to them and will make it known.”—Joh 17:6, 26.

There is evidence that Jesus’ disciples used the Tetragrammaton in their writings. In his work De viris inlustribus [Concerning Illustrious Men], chapter III, Jerome, in the fourth century, wrote the following: “Matthew, who is also Levi, and who from a publican came to be an apostle, first of all composed a Gospel of Christ in Judaea in the Hebrew language and characters for the benefit of those of the circumcision who had believed. Who translated it after that in Greek is not sufficiently ascertained. Moreover, the Hebrew itself is preserved to this day in the library at Caesarea, which the martyr Pamphilus so diligently collected. I also was allowed by the Nazarenes who use this volume in the Syrian city of Beroea to copy it.” (Translation from the Latin text edited by E. C. Richardson and published in the series “Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur,” Vol. 14, Leipzig, 1896, pp. 8, 9.)

Matthew made more than a hundred quotations from the inspired Hebrew Scriptures. Where these quotations included the divine name he would have been obliged faithfully to include the Tetragrammaton in his Hebrew Gospel account. When the Gospel of Matthew was translated into Greek, the Tetragrammaton was left untranslated within the Greek text according to the practice of that time.

Not only Matthew but all the writers of the Christian Greek Scriptures quoted verses from the Hebrew text or from the Septuagint where the divine name appears. For example, in Peter’s speech in Ac 3:22 a quotation is made from De 18:15 where the Tetragrammaton appears in a papyrus fragment of the Septuagint dated to the first century B.C.E. (See App 1C §1.) As a follower of Christ, Peter used God’s name, Jehovah. When Peter’s speech was put on record the Tetragrammaton was here used according to the practice during the first century B.C.E. and the first century C.E.

Sometime during the second or third century C.E. the scribes removed the Tetragrammaton from both the Septuagint and the Christian Greek Scriptures and replaced it with Ky´ri·os, “Lord” or The·os´, “God.”

Concerning the use of the Tetragrammaton in the Christian Greek Scriptures, George Howard of the University of Georgia wrote in Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 96, 1977, p. 63: “Recent discoveries in Egypt and the Judean Desert allow us to see first hand the use of God’s name in pre-Christian times. These discoveries are significant for N[ew] T[estament] studies in that they form a literary analogy with the earliest Christian documents and may explain how NT authors used the divine name. In the following pages we will set forth a theory that the divine name, ???? (and possibly abbreviations of it), was originally written in the NT quotations of and allusions to the O[ld] T[estament] and that in the course of time it was replaced mainly with the surrogate ? [abbreviation for Ky´ri·os, “Lord”]. This removal of the Tetragram[maton], in our view, created a confusion in the minds of early Gentile Christians about the relationship between the ‘Lord God’ and the ‘Lord Christ’ which is reflected in the MS tradition of the NT text itself.”

We concur with the above, with this exception: We do not consider this view a “theory,” rather, a presentation of the facts of history as to the transmission of Bible manuscripts.

RESTORING THE DIVINE NAME

Throughout the centuries many translations of parts or of all the Christian Greek Scriptures have been made into Hebrew. Such translations, designated in this work by “J” with a superior number, have restored the divine name to the inspired Christian Greek Scriptures in various places. They have restored the divine name not only when coming upon quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures but also in other places where the texts called for such restoration.

To know where the divine name was replaced by the Greek words ?????? and ????, we have determined where the inspired Christian writers have quoted verses, passages and expressions from the Hebrew Scriptures and then we have referred back to the Hebrew text to ascertain whether the divine name appears there. In this way we determined the identity to give Ky´ri·os and The·os´ and the personality with which to clothe them.

To avoid overstepping the bounds of a translator into the field of exegesis, we have been most cautious about rendering the divine name in the Christian Greek Scriptures, always carefully considering the Hebrew Scriptures as a background. We have looked for agreement from the Hebrew versions to confirm our rendering. Thus, out of the 237 times that we have rendered the divine name in the body of our translation, there is only one instance where we have no agreement from the Hebrew versions. But in this one instance, namely, 1Co 7:17, the context and related texts strongly support rendering the divine name.—See 1Co 7:17 ftn, “Jehovah.”

Following is a list of the 237 places where the name “Jehovah” occurs in the main text of the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Supporting the rendering are various sources listed by their respective symbols. For an explanation of the symbols (“J” references), see the Introduction under “Textual Symbols.”

The following list also indicates the Greek word to be found at these locations in the Westcott and Hort Greek text. Ky´ri·os, “Lord,” and its various forms are designated by Ky. Similarly, The´os, “God,” and its various forms are designated by Th. An asterisk (*) preceding either of these symbols indicates that the Greek word is accompanied by the definite article in the Greek text. A plus sign (+) following the verse citation indicates that there is additional information to be found in a footnote on that verse.

MATTHEW

1:20+   Ky;  J3,4,7-14,16-18,22-24

1:22    Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16-18,22-24,26

1:24    Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16-18,22-24

2:13    Ky;  J1-4,6-14,16-18,22-24

2:15    Ky;  J1,3,4,6-14,16-18,22-24

2:19    Ky;  J1-4,6-14,16-18,22-24

3:3     Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16-18,20,22-24,26

4:4     Th;  J1-14,17,18,20,22,23

4:7     Ky;  J1-14,16-18,20,22-24

4:10    Ky;  J1-14,16-18,20,22-24

5:33   *Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16-18,22,23

21:9    Ky;  J1-14,16-18,20-24

21:42   Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16-18,20-24

22:37   Ky;  J1-14,16-18,20-24

22:44   Ky;  J1-14,16-18,20-24

23:39   Ky;  J1-14,16-18,21-24

27:10   Ky;  J1-4,7-14,16,17,22-24

28:2    Ky;  J1-4,7-13,16-18,22-24

MARK

1:3     Ky;  J7-14,16-18,22-24

5:19   *Ky;  J7-10,17,18,22

11:9    Ky;  J7,8,10-14,16-18,21-24

12:11   Ky;  J7-14,16-18,21-24

12:29   Ky;  J7-14,16-18,20-24,27

12:29   Ky;  J7-14,16-18,20-24

12:30   Ky;  J7-14,16-18,21-24

12:36   Ky;  J7-14,16-18,21-24

13:20   Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16-18,22-24

LUKE

1:6    *Ky;  J7-17,23

1:9    *Ky;  J7-18,22,23

1:11    Ky;  J7-13,16-18,22-24

1:15    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,22,23

1:16    Ky;  J7-18,22-24

1:17    Ky;  J7-18,22-24

1:25    Ky;  J7-18,22,23

1:28   *Ky;  J5,7-18,22,23

1:32    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

1:38    Ky;  J5,7-18,22-24

1:45    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

1:46   *Ky;  J5-18,22,23

1:58    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

1:66    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

1:68    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

1:76    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

2:9     Ky;  J5,7-13,16,17,22-24

2:9     Ky;  J5,7,8,10-18,22-24

2:15   *Ky;  J5,7,8,10-18,22,23

2:22   *Ky;  J5-18,22,23

2:23    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

2:23   *Ky;  J5-18,22,23

2:24    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

2:26    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

2:39    Ky;  J5-18,22-24

3:4     Ky;  J7-15,17,18,22-24

4:8     Ky;  J7-18,22-24

4:12    Ky;  J7-18,22-24

4:18    Ky;  J7-15,20,23,24

4:19    Ky;  J7-18,20,22-24

5:17    Ky;  J7-18,22-24

10:27   Ky;  J5-18,21-24

13:35   Ky;  J7-18,21-24

19:38   Ky;  J7-18,21-24

20:37   Ky;  J9,11-18,21-24,27

20:42   Ky;  J7-18,21-24

JOHN

1:23   Ky;  J5-14,16-19,22-24

6:45   Th;  J7,8,10,14,17,19,20,22,23

12:13  Ky;  J7-14,16-19,21-24

12:38  Ky;  J12-14,16-18,22,23

12:38  Ky;  J7-14,16-20,22-24

ACTS

1:24    Ky;  J7,8,10,22,23

2:20    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-24

2:21    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-24

2:25   *Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22,23

2:34    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,21-24

2:39    Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18,22-24

2:47   *Ky;  J7,8,10

3:19   *Ky;  J13-18,22,23

3:22+   Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-24

4:26   *Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22,23

4:29    Ky;  J7,8,10

5:9     Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22-24

5:19    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22-24

7:31    Ky;  J11-18,22-24

7:33   *Ky;  J11-18,22,23

7:49    Ky;  J11-18,20,22-24

7:60    Ky;  J17,18,22,23

8:22+  *Ky;  J18,22,23

8:24+  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22,23

8:25+  *Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18

8:26    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22-24

8:39    Ky;  J13,15-18,22-24

9:31   *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15,16,18,22

10:33+ *Ky;  J17,18,23

11:21   Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22,23

12:7    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22-24

12:11  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15,16,18,23

12:17  *Ky;  J7,8,10

12:23   Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22-24

12:24+ *Ky;  J7,8,10,23

13:2   *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22,23

13:10  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22,23

13:11   Ky;  J7,8,10,15-18,22-24

13:12  *Ky;  J7,8,10

13:44+ *Th;  J17,22

13:47  *Ky;  J7,8,10,22,23

13:48+ *Th;  J7,8,10,13,15-17,22,23

13:49  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,22,23

14:3   *Ky;  J7,8,10,15-18,23

14:23  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15,16

15:17  *Ky;  J11-18,22,23

15:17   Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-24

15:35+ *Ky;  J17,18,22,23

15:36+ *Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18,22,23

15:40+ *Ky;  J17,18,22

16:14  *Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18,23

16:15+ *Ky;  J7,8,10

16:32+ *Th;  J7,8,10,17,18,22,23

18:21  *Th;  J17

18:25  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15,16,24

19:20+ *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,15-18,23

21:14  *Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18,23

ROMANS

4:3    *Th;  J7,8,10,17,20,22

4:8     Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-25

9:28    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16,20,25

9:29    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22-24

10:13   Ky;  J7,8,10,13-18,22-24

10:16   Ky;  J7,8,10,13-18,23

11:3    Ky;  J7,8,10-18,23,25

11:34   Ky;  J7,8,10,13-18,20,22-25

12:11  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16,18

12:19   Ky;  J7,8,10-18,22-24

14:4+  *Ky;  J18,23

14:6    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16,18,22,24

14:6    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16,18,22,24

14:6    Ky;  J7,8,10,13,16,22,24

14:8   *Ky;  J7,8,10,13-16,18

14:8   *Ky;  J7,8,10,13-16,18

14:8   *Ky;  J7,8,10,13-16,18

14:11   Ky;  J7,8,10-18,22-25

15:11  *Ky;  J7,8,10-18,20,22,23,25

1 CORINTHIANS

1:31   Ky;  J7,8,10-14,16-18,22-24

2:16   Ky;  J13,14,16-18,22-24

3:20   Ky;  J7,8,10-14,16-18,20,22-24

4:4    Ky;  J7,8,10,17,18,23,24

4:19  *Ky;  J7,8,10,22,23

7:17+ *Ky;

10:9+ *Ky;  J18,22,23

10:21  Ky;  J7,8,10,24

10:21  Ky;  J7,8,10,24

10:22 *Ky;  J7,8,10,14

10:26 *Ky;  J7,8,10,11,13,14,16-18,20,22,23

11:32 *Ky;  J13,16,18

14:21  Ky;  J7,8,10-14,16-18,22-24

16:7  *Ky;  J7,8,10,13,14,16-18,22,23

16:10  Ky;  J7,8,10,13,14,16-18,24

2 CORINTHIANS

3:16   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,22,24

3:17  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16

3:17   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,22,24

3:18   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,22,24

3:18   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,22,24

6:17   Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22-24

6:18   Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22-24

8:21+  Ky;  J7,8,24

10:17  Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

10:18 *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

GALATIANS

3:6    *Th;  J7,8

EPHESIANS

2:21   Ky;  J7,8,13,16-18,22-24

5:17+ *Ky;  J7,8

5:19  *Ky;  J7,8,13,16,23

6:4    Ky;  J7,8,22,24

6:7   *Ky;  J7,8

6:8    Ky;  J22,24

COLOSSIANS

1:10+ *Ky;  J7,8

3:13+ *Ky;  J23

3:16+ *Th;  J7,8,13,14,16,17

3:22+ *Ky;  J18,22

3:23  *Ky;  J7,8,17,18,22,23

3:24   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

1 THESSALONIANS

1:8+  *Ky;  J7,8,17,18,22,23

4:6    Ky;  J7,8,17,18,22-24

4:15   Ky;  J7,8,17,18,24

5:2    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

2 THESSALONIANS

2:2   *Ky;  J18,22,23

2:13+  Ky;  J13,16,24

3:1   *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

2 TIMOTHY

1:18   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

2:19   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,20,22-24

2:19   Ky;  J18,22-24

4:14  *Ky;  J7,8,13,16-18,22,23

HEBREWS

2:13  *Th;  J3,7,8,17,20,22

7:21   Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

8:2   *Ky;  J7,8,13-16,18,22,23

8:8    Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

8:9    Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

8:10   Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22,24

8:11  *Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22,23

10:16  Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,22-24

10:30  Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

12:5   Ky;  J7,8,11-18,20,22-24

12:6   Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

13:6   Ky;  J3,7,8,11-18,20,22-24

JAMES

1:7   *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

1:12+       J7,8,13,16,17

2:23  *Th;  J14,17,20,22

2:23   Th;  J17

3:9+  *Ky;  J18,23

4:10   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

4:15  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

5:4    Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22-24

5:10   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

5:11   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,18,22-24

5:11  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

5:14  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22

5:15  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

1 PETER

1:25+  Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,20,22,23

3:12   Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,20,22-24

3:12   Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,20,22,24

2 PETER

2:9    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

2:11+  Ky;  J7,8,13,16-18,22-24

3:8    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

3:9    Ky;  J7,8,13,16-18,22-24

3:10   Ky;  J7,8,13,16-18,22-24

3:12+ *Th;  J7,8,17

JUDE

5+    Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22,23

9+    Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22-24

14    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

REVELATION

1:8     Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

4:8     Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22,24

4:11   *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16,18

11:17   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

15:3    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

15:4    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

16:7    Ky;  J13,14,16-18,22,23

18:8+   Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

19:6    Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22-24

21:22  *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,23

22:5    Ky;  J7,8,11-14,16-18,22-24

22:6   *Ky;  J7,8,13,14,16-18,22,24

Following is a list of the 72 places where the name “Jehovah” occurs, not in the main text of the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, but only in the footnotes.

Mt 22:32; Mr 11:10; Lu 1:2; 2:11, 29, 38; 4:4, 18; Joh 5:4; Ac 2:30; 7:30, 37; 10:22; 13:43, 50; 14:25; 19:23; 20:25; 22:17; 26:7; Ro 7:6; 10:17; 11:8; 1Co 7:17; 10:28; 11:23; Ga 2:6; 3:20; 5:10, 12; Php 4:1, 4, 5, 10, 18; Col 3:15; 1Th 4:9, 16, 17, 17; 5:27; 1Ti 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7, 8; 5:4, 8; 6:2, 3, 6, 11; 2Ti 1:16, 18; 2:14, 22, 24; Tit 2:12; Heb 4:3; 9:20; 10:30; 1Pe 2:13; 3:1, 15; 5:3; 2Pe 1:3; 2Jo 11; Re 11:1, 19; 16:5; 19:1, 2.

“Jah,” the shorter form of the divine name, occurs in the Greek expression hal·le·lou·i·a´, a transliteration of the Hebrew ha·lelu-Yah´, “Praise Jah, you people!” Re (4 times) 19:1, 3, 4, 6.—See Ps 104:35 ftns.