Talk:The Great Transformation (book)

NPOV/'Libertarian' quackery
The article claims that Polanyi's claims about societies without markets have all been 'thoroughly rebutted'. As a source a partisan blog without academic credentials is cited. I suggest this be either removed or reworded to fit with Wikipedia guidelines. Way too many 'libertarian' trolls using Wikipedia as a soapbox. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.137.32.70 (talk) 19:34, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Totally agree with the above comment. The source cited is from a partisan blog that systematically dismisses Polanyi idea without any scientific criteria. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mariopansera (talk • contribs) 16:16, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

I would also agree and add that Polanyi never made any mention of a world before markets. I don't think anyone in their right mind could argue that there was a period of human interaction on this planet that did not have something that could have been described, however loosely, as a 'market'—a mother suckling her child could, in the loosest sense, be considered an act of market exchange if one so proclaimed. Polanyi's contention, on the contrary, is that there was never a time in human history before the modern one in which markets dominated the means by which whole societies reproduced themselves. Before our present era, some degree of household or communal production was the basis for reproduction; markets served an auxiliary purpose to household reproduction but they certainly existed. Take this passage from The Great Transformation as an example of my interpretation of this text: "While history and ethnography know of various kinds of economies, most of them comprising the institution of markets, they know of no economy prior to our own, even approximately controlled and regulated by markets." (2001, p 46)

I find the criticism odd since it is a blog post quoting the actual critiques. Why not just provide the original sources and leave out this undergrad level blogging? I'd move to remove it, and let the libertarians find more academic sources to include here. It really just seems like they're grabbing at straws here, but actual intelligent criticisms likely exist somewhere. The second portion of the criticisms section also include no citations whatsoever. And nothing on the Douglass North page includes any citations either. At this time that whole section is suspect.Nik323 (talk) 03:03, 21 November 2014

Fictitious Commodities
According to Polanyi, Land, labor and capital are essential elements to the unrestrained free capitalist market. However, he sees a great conflict in defining them as commodities. A commodity is something which is created for the purpose of being bought and sold. However, none of the essential commodities of the capitalist market those being land, labor, and capital are actually created for that sole purpose. Land, labor and capital are used in both markets and industry, but none of them fit into the definition of a commodity. Firstly, labor is the humans who comprise societies. It is a natural activity of human life, and humans and their labor are not created to be bought and sold. Land is the earth and oceans which have always existed. Subjecting both labor and land to commodification means subjecting the natural world to the laws of a market which has no consideration for their stability. Capital does not fit the definition of commodity either. Capital is not produced in the way that other exchangeable goods are, it comes into existence through banking and state monetary policies. Thus, Polanyi concludes that the descriptions of the three as commodities are entirely fictitious. The implications of this in the 19th century were a double movement which consisted of the expansion of commodity markets and the reactionary movements of societies trying to deter the destructive results of exposing nature to market exploitation and of unstable money markets. Essentially, commodification of these three factors is the seed of the destruction of capitalism because the damage to society through abusive labor practices, a deteriorating natural world and a financial system of dangerous fluxes will cause society to retaliate against the profit fixated capitalist system.

Reference

Dr. Barbier's comment on this article
Dr. Barbier has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"The economist Edward Barbier combines environmental and economic history to argue that the market liberalization envisioned in Polyani's Great Transformation was facilitated in England and the rest of Europe through their access and exploitation of vast natural resource and land frontiers both internally and overseas (Ref: Barbier, E.B. 2011. Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 748 pp.). As pointed out by the economists Kenneth Sokoloff and Stanley Engermann the transfer of such market liberalizing institutions to North America as opposed to South America was facilitated by the favorable environmental conditions that favored large-scale migration by Europeans (Ref: Sokoloff, Kenneth L. and Stanley L. Engerman. 2000. “Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(3):217-232.). Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson have demonstrated that such comparative advantages conferred by favorable environments that allow the transfer of market liberalizing institutions from Europe to former colonies has had a significant impact on their long-run comparative economic development [Ref: Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J.A. 2001. "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation." American Economic Review 91(5):1369-1401.]"

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Barbier has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:


 * Reference : Mahmud, Sakib & Barbier, Edward, 2014. "Are Private Defensive Expenditures against Storm Damages Affected by Public Programs and Natural Barriers? Evidence from the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh," MPRA Paper 60001, University Library of Munich, Germany.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 02:56, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

Criticisms
Murray Rothbard, in a private memo to the Volker Fund in June 1961, provides a critique of The Great Transformation. In it, he criticizes Polanyi's "worship of the primitive" and his attempt to "infer the history of pre-Western civilization from analysis of existing primitive tribes." Rothbard further criticizes Polanyi's admiration of "the tribal and other caste societies, because 'nobody starves.' Everyone might admittedly be on a subsistence level, he concedes, but no individual starves. Is it that great a comfort that everyone starves together? This is a grotesque statement. The primitive world—indeed all worlds before the Industrial Revolution—[is] constantly racked by famine and by plague."

Rothbard provides a "thorough critique" addressing Polanyi's apparent disregard for population growth, standards of living, and freedom of choice. With regards to the relationship between individuals, Rothbard writes that "for Polanyi, the ideal relationship between people is not mutual gain, but exploitation: the gain of one at the expense of another."

(This is my first attempt at contributing to Wikipedia. Don't hold back.)BederB (talk) 04:35, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

While Rothbard is a known and learned economist. I find this criticism to be a severe mischaracterization of Polanyi's views. Any fair reading of the original text could not lead to Rothbard's conclusion, and its evident that he is being emotional and political.

I suggest finding a rebuttal to Rothbards text to be posted alongside it, as his criticism may otherwise confuse readers.

EverydayEditor (talk) 15:39, 25 May 2018 (UTC)

This section (as of November 2020) criticizes Polanyi on the grounds that quotes from The Great Transformation discouraged Richard Nixon from enacting a universal basic income. While this may be historically true, it goes against the general grain of Polanyi's thought and is only tangentially related to the thesis of The Great Transformation, so it hardly seems a worthy criticism of The Great Transformation that a misreading of sections of the book compiled out of context by a third party (one of Nixon's aides) changed Nixon's mind about UBI. The two articles in Jacobin appear to have little interest in what Polanyi actually said in the book, only how isolated sections were interpreted by Nixon, so I suggest that these 'criticisms' are misplaced and should be either removed or moved to a different section, possibly titled 'reception.' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.95.8.50 (talk) 18:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Misquote
This part in the support section is erroneous:

The sociologists Fred L. Block and Margaret Somers argue that Karl Polanyi's analysis could help explain why the resurgence of free market ideas have resulted in "such manifest failures as persistent unemployment, widening inequality, and the severe financial crises that have stressed Western economies over the past forty years." They suggest that "the ideology that free markets can replace government is just as utopian and dangerous" as the idea that Communism will result in the withering away of the state.[13]

These quotes arenot from the authors but from the publisher's promotion of the book. The quote itself does not come from the authors. You can see that the quote comes from the author's web site where she promotes the book, and the quote comes from the publisher, not the authors. The second quote is also erroneous. These should be paraphrased and properly cited or someone should actually read the book and correct the incorrect citation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:6000:E700:2B00:FD01:A5A3:7704:D473 (talk) 04:37, 17 January 2019 (UTC)