Talk:Tree shaping/Alternate names

Alternate names
this workspace was moved from the main talk page at Tree shaping, because it is large and was forcing too-tight archiving of the talkpage itself. It consists of extensive and exhaustive research into the many citations, some found valid, some not, supporting the use of various alternative names for arborsculpture.

Other names for tree shaping include: ref cite web|url=http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/12/slow_furniture.php |title=treehugger.com ref ref cite web|url=http://maps.google.com.au/maps?hl=en&q=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms%3Fie%3DUTF8%26hl%3Dde%26t%3Dh%26oe%3DUTF8%26msa%3D0%26msid%3D108286284188878516638.00045c6a44607715cc529%26output%3Dkml&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=websearch |title= Google map of shaped trees }}ref


 * arborsculpture/arborsculptor
 * "Arborsculpture is a method of bending and grafting shoots to create useful and eye-catching structures."


 * "Grafting to create unusual growth forms in a practice called arborsculpture involves intertwining and grafting together the stems of two or more plants in order to create domes, chairs, ladders, and other fanciful sculptures." and "Fig. 9.2. Arborsculpture of Alex Erlandson’s Tree Circus made in the 1940s."


 * "We also plan to demonstrate arborsculpture, which is a unique method of bending and grafting shoots to form unusual designs and structures. We plan to create a fruit tree chair, a three-sided ladder to make the high fruit more accessible, a gazebo, fences, and other structures.


 * In an industry newsletter article titled Arbor Sculpture, "A leading arborsculptor is American Richard Reames, who manages Arborsmith Studios in Oregon-..." and (re:Aichi)>"Also exhibited at this event were the Grown up Stools of the English arborsculptor, Dr. Cattle, pictured below."

"The art of shaping living woody plants is known as arborsculpture, etc...."ref name=RootShapingpatent Citation| inventor1-last = Golan| inventor1-first = Ezekiel| title = Method and a kit for shaping a portion of a woody plant into a desired form| issue-date = 2008-02-12 Questionable Source| patent-number = 7328532| country-code = US| description = A method of shaping a portion of a woody plant into a desired form is provided. The method is effected by providing a root of a woody plant, shaping the root into the desired form and culturing the root under conditions suitable for secondary thickening of the root. ref

"I call it Arborsculpture".ref name=Reames1/rp|14


 * biotecture/biotechture
 * From a presentation on botanical engineering "The branch of architecture that deals with living structures is called 'biotecture' and was pioneered by the German landscape architect Rudolf Doernach."

:Biotechture is also known as Earthship, which is sustainable living that incorporates passive solar heating, rainwater collection, greywater reuse, greenhouse gardening, composting toilets and recycled materials into the living area.http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/ezines/ezine1.htm

*botanic/botanical architecture :An alternate name in the Golan patent ref name=RootShapingpatent :Planting of evergreens to provide accommodation for outdoor theatrical entertainment.refBritannicaref :Mark Primack, who rescued much of Axel Erlandson's Tree Circus and is perhaps the most knowledgeable authority on those trees,ref name=Reames1 cite book|last=Reames|first=Richard|authorlink = Richard Reames|coauthors=Delbol, Barbara|title=How to Grow a Chair: The Art of Tree Trunk Topiary|date=1995|isbn=0-9647280-0-1 ref rp|18 lectures about Erlandson and his work as a visionary pioneer of "botanic architecture," refThe museum of Jurassic Technology.ref :Used in the book How to Grow a Chairref name=Reames1/rp|14 :Marcel Kalberer's experiments with "botanical architecture" reftranslation of site about Marcel Kalbererref :Growing a cover of plants vertically up exterior walls of buildings.refLiving wallref

*circus trees :Brand for Axel Erlandson's works of art (He called his roadside attraction the Tree Circus)ref Cite web|publisher=www.phancy.com|url=http://www.phancy.com/circus/|title=Circus Treesref :Used by the Growing Village Pavilion at the world expo in Japan in 2005 ref http://www.expo2005.or.jp/en/venue/experience04.html ref refarchived page of Growing Village.comref

*eco-architecture :The concept of using trees and other plants as walls in sustainable buildings refwww.greenprophet.com ref

*green design architecture/eco-construction refbiotechture/eco-constructionref :Green wall systems for buildings and the built environment wherein plants are grown vertically in modular panels.refwww.biotecture.uk.comref


 * grown furniture
 * From a presentation on botanical engineering that refers to several Cook/Northey & Cattle pieces as "grown furniture" and to Erlandson's ladder as "grown ladder"

*Grownup/Grown Up Furniture :Brand for the art works of Dr. Chris Cattle ref name=grownfurniturecattle1 cite web|url=http://www.grown-furniture.co.uk/|title=Grown Furniture home page|publisher=Cattle, Chris|accessdate=2010-05-07ref were moved here from Cattle's bio subsection, where they were used in overkill scale to backup support for use of the term 'Grown up furniture' and 'Grownup furniture' to describe Cattle's stools, a point which is not disputed, and which his own website describing the stools thusly is adequate to support (so, left that cite in his mini-bio). They are archived here for posterity in case they should become useful at some future point, perhaps when/if a separate article on him is hatched out of the arborsculpture article. They were not scrupulously verified as were the balance of the citations noted on this page, so their use would still need to be scrutinized for WP:V and WP:RS.
 * These citations

*living art :An alternate name for "the concept of shaping living trees into useful objects"ref name=FriendsofTAU Cite web|publisher=American Friends of Tel Aviv University|url=http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7595|title=Eco-Architecture Could Produce "Grow Your Own" Homesref :Creating something practical, decorative, or both, using living plants, such as hanging vegetable gardens, vertical gardens, or succulent walls.refliving art projectsref

*Pooktre :Brand for the partnership and art works of Peter Cook and Becky Northey.


 * pleaching
 * A synonym for arborsculpture
 * "unique pleached forest," referring to Axel Erlandson's art works



*tree trunk shaping :An alternate name in the Golan patent ref name=RootShapingpatent

*Tree Trunk Topiary :An alternate name in the Golan patent ref name=RootShapingpatent :A nursery that specializes in shaped trees ref http://www.treetrunktopiary.be/eng/ www.treetrunktopiary.be/eng ref :Subtitle of the book How to Grow a Chair: The Art of Tree Trunk Topiary and used inside the same book.ref name=Reames1

= References
=

=Worksheet on citations that support the legitimacy of alternate names
= This may be a better way help. I could be wrong about some of these refs, but help and clues are available at the WP:RSN

==Cutting Edge: VWA Newsletter
== "Arbor Sculpture: "If you like I'll grow you a mirror"", The Cutting Edge; the Newsletter of the Victorian Woodworkers Association, Inc.: 16, June 2006, retrieved 2010-05-15 Questionable Source
 * Why is this magazine article a questionable source?  Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Aha. It refers for our alternate names. Welp, gotta add that. Bad link too, fixing. .  Anybody feel free to ring in here...is this a questionable source because it is promotional in nature or for some other reason? I'll hit up RSN too.Duff (talk) 04:09, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
 * This article was submitted by Richard Reames to Victorian Woodworkers Association newsleter's editor as a marketing tactic to brand Arborsculpture across our and Dr Chris Cattle's work and link back to himself. Blackash   have a chat 13:57, 7 June 2010 (UTC)
 * That is an unsourced claim, which I am not sure would be relevant anyway, as it could be claimed about nearly everything anyone has ever written for a magazine on any topic. The article does not show any byline, and on that basis it appears to have been written by editorial staff @ the paper; absent some other reliable indication to the contrary. Still standing by for comments from WP:RSN, submitted request @ 15:00, June 6, 2010 re: use at all five points cited in the article, including the citation in Alternate names for the use of (that word) in the generic sense as a name for the craft, crafters, etc. Duff (talk) 00:44, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
 * We didn't get a response on this request at RSN, so with counsel from User:Peregrine Fisher, I've relisted it there WP:Reliable sources/Noticeboard in a slightly abbreviated form, as of 9:29 am PST on Monday June 21, 2010, and we await some comments once more. I have also re-fixed the link to the citation, back to a re-found pdf file instead of the flash file, as I was having trouble opening the swf.  Duff (talk) 16:34, 21 June 2010 (UTC)


 * Here are the responses to the 2nd request, also viewable now at Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 67:

Well, it's a newsletter, and there does seem to be an editor of some sort. I couldn't figure out who the author is. I would say it's not reliable for WP:BLP info or other controversial info, but it might be OK for basic woodworking info. It would be good to know the author, and whether they've been published elsewhere, or if they're an expert in the field. - Peregrine Fisher (talk) 16:58, 21 June 2010 (UTC)


 * I think you can safely source the first statement to . Reames own site is probably the best source for bio information, including that he runs the nursery etc. Elen of the Roads (talk) 21:19, 21 June 2010 (UTC)


 * The quote from Cattle can also be sourced to Cattle's own website . This is a reliable source of information on things said by Cattle - the newsletter is clearly just paraphrasing (a little) from the grown-furniture website.Elen of the Roads (talk) 21:21, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * However, nowhere on Cattle's website does he describe what he does as arborisculpture, nor does he describe himself as an arborisculptor, so I'd be wary of using the newsletter as a source - since other sources seem to contradict it. Hope this helps. Elen of the Roads (talk) 21:24, 21 June 2010 (UTC)


 * I will do the best I can to integrate these suggestions effectively. Duff (talk) 10:45, 27 June 2010 (UTC)


 * FYI, Cattle's web site previously referred to those who practice the craft as ['arborsculptors'] Cattle changed his page, for unknown reasons, shortly after it was first used as support for arborsculpture. Slowart (talk) 15:49, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

"treehugger.com is a Blog.
 * Blogs are not reliable sources. What is being referenced in the text of the aka's anyway? The other name tree shaping? The cite is plugged at the opener: "Other names for tree shaping include:[2][3]"  Same exact question on the google map blog ref [2] What's referenced??  This one is out as a ref: does not support whatever it is pointed at as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

"Google map of shaped trees One of the Contributors of this google map is User:Blackash". Yes one of 18 or more<blackash there http://maps.google.com.au/maps?hl=en&q=http://maps.google.com/maps/ms%3Fie%3DUTF8%26hl%3Dde%26t%3Dh%26oe%3DUTF8%26msa%3D0%26msid%3D108286284188878516638.00045c6a44607715cc529%26output%3Dkml&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=websearch.
 * I'm going to be really surprised if a google map of any sort is a reliable source, it's not different than a blog. Who does the peer review on those? What is being referenced in the text of the aka's anyway? The other name tree shaping? The cite is plugged at the opener: "Other names for tree shaping include:[2][3]"  Same exact question on the treehugger blog ref [2] What's referenced??  This one is out as a ref: does not support whatever it is pointed at as an aka for our topic. Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I've placed a WP:RSN request for this source so we shall let the experts figure it out and report back.Duff (talk) 22:30, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The map contact is Peter Ganser a willow crafter who does fences and houses http://www.ganserpeter.de. Reames is listed too but without precise location...Is this Original Research by Peter Ganser? Did Pooktre join and add the three products or find themselves there? Duff (talk) 01:59, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Unanimous consensus from WP:RSN:
 * No. Dlabtot (talk) 23:00, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * No, you can't back up that text with that source. You can't use that source for anything. I'd say it falls under WP:SPS. —  Hello Annyong  (say whaaat?!) 00:52, 3 June 2010 (UTC)
 * No, that's an anonymous WP:SPS. Jayjg (talk) 02:41, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

"Arborsculpture: Horticultural Art Reliable source".
 * I expanded this citation to a full cite-periodical listing and also cited it elsewhere in the article, where appropriate. It refers to both Reames' and Erlandson's works as arborsculpture, so it's a good ref in support of arborsculpture as a generic name for the craft. Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Mudge, Ken; Janick, Jules; Scofield, Steven; Goldschmidt, Eliezer E. (2009), "A History of Grafting", in Janick, Jules, Issues in New Crops and New Uses, Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plants Products, orig. pub. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 442–443 Reliable source
 * I noted the large file on the citation and cited it elsewhere in the article, where appropriate. It refers to Erlandson's works as arborsculpture, so it's a good ref in support of arborsculpture as a generic name for the craft. Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Golan, Ezekiel, "Method and a kit for shaping a portion of a woody plant into a desired form", US A method of shaping a portion of a woody plant into a desired form is provided. The method is effected by providing a root of a woody plant, shaping the root into the desired form and culturing the root under conditions suitable for secondary thickening of the root. 7328532, issued 2008-02-12Questionable Source I hope to find some info on using patents as sources.
 * Patents are primary sources. Are there any third-party reliable verifiable sources that refer to this patent? If not this ref is out, as are any aka's dependent on it. see Articles for deletion/For Fuel Freedom, Inc. "the argument that primary sources such as patents indicate notability is faulty"  and Articles for deletion/Boris Volfson"No reliable third-party sources......Finally, patent (granted and applied) aren't reliable sources either." Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Further and more clear direction on this: Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 10:"Patent applications, by themselves, represent absolutely nothing more that what the person who filed it claims to have invented. Patent offices do not require working prototypes, they no longer require models, and they don't review the design to make sure it makes sense. They're happy to take your money, and holding a patent doesn't actually mean anything until it's tested in court. So except when a patent has actually been reviewed an evaluated by independent experts, which does happen sometimes, it's no better than what the inventor posts on his personal blog" I removed this reference from the other names section and from the lead, as it is a primary source which can't be used to establish anything. However we have a problem in that it is the only reference we have for root shaping (besides the living root bridges), let alone aeroponic root shaping. I did some searching and came up dry, so for now I'm leaving the awkward "According to patent No. xxx" statement in, and sticking root shaping in the research box. Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.soton.ac.uk/~doctom/talks/botanical-engineering.pdf page 15 Reliable source
 * Agree, reliable source for the article, but biotecture is not supported as an aka reference for the topic of this page. "The branch of architecture that deals with living structures is called 'biotecture' and was pioneered by the German landscape architect Rudolf Doernach." is on page 15; that illustrates grown buildings, noting that "the old 'weaving' technique used to construct these living structures is called 'pleaching'," so that's a valid reference for pleaching as a technique for building far more than just hedgerows. Pages 21-26 deal with Cook/Northey & Cattle pieces, referring to them as 'grown furniture' and Erlandson's ladder tree, referring to it as 'grown ladder'.  I placed another new alt name for grown furniture...see if that seems like an aka for the art/craft or not.  Maybe there are sub-genera of arborsculpture as applied, such as biotecture=living architecture/buildings, arbors, fences, gazebos, domes, etc.; grown furniture=chairs, stools, tables, mirrors, etc; live wood art=purely artistic fanciful stuff?  Comments?Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/ezines/ezine1.htm e-zine Questionable Source
 * This site does not support the use of either of the words biotecture/biotechture as an aka for our topic. It is also an ezine, which is not a reliable source. This ref is out, as are any aka's dependent on itDuff (talk) 18:54, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245100/green-theatre Britannica online, a "green theater" has greenery, big deal. Reliable source may be useful in a "Botanical architecture" or "Arbortecture" section. "various entrances screened by trimmed hedges." Hedged screenery for entrances to theatres? May be useful at hedge (barrier). This site does not support the use of the phrase botanical architecture as an aka for our topic. This ref is out, as are any aka's dependent on itDuff (talk) 18:54, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

== Reames1
== Reames, Richard; Delbol, Barbara (1995). How to Grow a Chair: The Art of Tree Trunk Topiary. ISBN 0-9647280-0-1. Self Published by a NON-Expert, Questionable Source Moriarty was not a expert in 1994 when he wrote "How to Grow a Chair"
 * Moriarty who? Where you find that name? The book states by Reames, Richard; Delbol, Barbara (authors) publisher is Arborsmith Studios (which is Richard Reames) with address. Distributed by Arborsmith Studios. So yes it is self published book but that is ok if it is Self-published as long as it meets the specific criteria. If it is found to be an unreliable source then all media interviews and articles online that are based on this book also should not be used.<Blackash there
 * Yah, gosh...You'd better get busy blogging that up, dear. Duff (talk) 10:52, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I did a search on title and Moriarty nothing please tell where you got this word. Blackash   have a chat 14:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Your pal, Professor_Moriarty AKA Slowart (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 21:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC).
 * I didn't 'get the word'. Slowart did this citations work and a lot of it.  His sig is at the bottom there, you'll note.  Perhaps Moriarty is Reames' nickname?  I don't know, but he's pretty obviously referring to the author, and has honestly assessed his own status as a newbie and the book as a questionable source.  That's a non-issue.  I did not say google it up. I said blog it up, and I was referring directly to your unsigned statement above (which I tagged with your username):"all media interviews and articles online that are based on this book also should not be used." and I was referring specifically to your voluminous blogging efforts to squash the use of the word arborsculpture. Or did you mean not used here at this article?  Perhaps I misunderstood. If that's what you meant, where is the policy, chapter & verse, that states this?  Keep in mind that any such policy would apply right across the board.  Which citations specifically are you suggesting are "based on the book"? Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Self-published, self-admitted non-expert. Should be ok to use for the Reames bio portion only but not elsewhere, and particularly not as a source for establishing arborsculpture as an aka for our topic, though there may well be other reliable sources. This ref is out for that purpose and the article is not about Reames.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

== Museum of Jurassic Technology
== http://museumjt.stores.yahoo.net/trciofaxer.html The museum of Jurassic Technology. Advertisement Questionable Source
 * We should find out how much weight a museum site carries.<Blackash there
 * It's a store. Duff (talk) 10:52, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Click the home link leads to museum front page. So the store is part of their web site. Blackash   have a chat 14:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Furthermore, read the hype on the link, it directly contradicts the use of the reference to support the use of Botanic architecture as an aka for our article topic: Primack discovered Erlandon’s neglected and dying trees in 1977, shortly after completing his Masters thesis on ‘Botanic Architecture’. There is no reference here, even if it was a reliable source, to him using this term to describe Erlandson's work. On the contrary, it states clearly that he hadn't discovered Erlandson's work until after writing his thesis by that name. While there may well be some reliable and verifiable reference out there to him branding Erlandson's work with that name post-1977, this ref is out for the purpose of establishing botanic architecture as another name for the craft, except as proof he wrote a masters thesis called botanic architecture pre-1977. Anybody got a link to the thesis? Erlandson's work could not be in it, because he discovered Erlandson AFTER, but it might still be a potentially useful ref for the rest of the article, if determined relevant, reliable if verifiable. It might clarify whether or not his thesis and it's title has got anything to do with our topic at all.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.sanftestrukturen.de/HTML/links_texts.html Personal web site Questionable Source BTW this page requires no translation, English text is at the bottom.
 * Fixed that link here (No translation page, just direct, but still needs fixing in the actual refs, if it's even kept. This is what he calls what he does, not an aka for the craft of our topic.  May be a good source for info about Kalberer if he's added as a minibio or full bio, but not beyond, and not to support an aka botanical architecture for our topic.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.urbangardensweb.com/2009/09/15/botanical-architecture-london-hotel-grows-living-wall/ Living wall Blog Questionable Source
 * Blogs are unreliable sources. This one is out as a ref, and not to support botanical architecture as an aka for our topic Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.phancy.com/circus/ "Circus Trees". www.phancy.com Blog no author, Questionable Source
 * Blogs are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support circus trees as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.expo2005.or.jp/en/venue/experience04.html Advertisement Questionable Source
 * Advertisements are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support circus trees as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://web.archive.org/web/20061107062128/www.growingvillage.com/Circus_Trees_Growing_Village.htm Advertisement Questionable Source
 * Advertisements are unreliable sources. This link produces no archive anyway. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support circus trees as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.greenprophet.com/2008/08/31/2188/plantware-eco-architecture/ Press release Questionable Source originally from American Friends of Tel Aviv University\
 * Press Releases are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support eco-architecture as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.consciousconsumers.net/wordpress/category/biotechture-eco-construction/ biotechture/eco-construction Blog, Questionable Source
 * Blogs are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support green design architecture/eco-construction as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.biotecture.uk.com/ Advertisement Questionable Source
 * Advertisements are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support biotecture as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.grown-furniture.co.uk/ "Grown Furniture home page" personnel web site, Questionable Source
 * Self-published, Should be ok to use for the Cattle bio portion only but not elsewhere, and particularly not as a source for establishing Grownup furniture as an alternate name for our topic. This is what he calls his works, not what the craft is known as.  This ref is out for this purpose.  That aka is out unless there is a reliable verifiable reference that uses Grownup furniture to describe the topic of our article.  The article is not about Cattle.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

"Eco-Architecture Could Produce "Grow Your Own" Homes". American Friends of Tel Aviv University. Press release Questionable Source
 * Press Releases are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support living art as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://goodtogrow.wordpress.com/2010/05/05/living-art-week-amazing-gardens-fascinating-plant-projects/ living art projects Blog, Questionable Source
 * Blogs are unreliable sources. This one is out as a ref, and not to support living art as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Reames, Richard (2005). Arborsculpture: Solutions for a Small Planet. Oregon: Arborsmith Studios. ISBN 0964728087. Self Published by a expert, Reliable Source by 2005 Moriarty had become an expert.
 * Umm who is Moriarty again? and who says he is an expert? Book says by Richard Reames (author) Copyright 2002 to Richard Reames, distributed by Arborsmith Studios. Ummm looks self published to me. It would need to follow the same outline as for How to grow a chair. Self-published Questionable Source

If it is found to be an unreliable source then all media interviews and articles online that are based on this book also should not be used.<Blackash there
 * Here again, get busy blogging away on that. 10 years later, same topic, much practice, not an expert?  Who says he's not?  O by the way, that's two instances in, gosh, an hour, of your misstating the publication dates of Reames' books.  What's up with that? Reames1 HTGaChair is 1995, not 2005, and Reames2 ArborsculptureSFASP is 2005, not 2002. Please use the existing 2 ref names for correct citations to Reames' 2 books, with the rp template to indicate the page#, so that those sorts of misleading mistakes are eliminated, and please do not make up any more new ref names to describe these 2 books.  Also please put your comments/research below each citation here and sign each of your posts with four tildes as usual/Thanks!.Duff (talk) 10:52, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The man himself, for a start. quote "Over the past 15 years I have developed the attitude that every tree I work on is an experiment or a learning opportunity. The inevitable mistakes become opportunities to advance the skills required to master the art". (An expert doesn't have inevitable mistakes, mistakes yes, but not ones that keep reappearing.) book Arborsculpture page 154. or when he states about our work, quote "I had no idea that such complicated detailed balanced work was possible." Just because you do something for 10 years doesn't mean you are expert. More to the point who says he is? (Can't use interviews based on the books either.) Please note the book has copyright 2002 First printing is April 2005. And to confuse matters more Richard had done a revised edition of his book Arborsculpture solutions for a small planet. So maybe we need 3 ref names so people can find the right book. Will do with signing. Blackash   have a chat 15:15, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Experts make mistakes, it's inevitable. Everyone makes mistakes, it's inevitable.  You make mistakes and so do I.  Mistakes are inevitable.  That's how people learn.  Every day with trees is a day to learn, even for experts.  And where does it say the same mistakes keep reappearing?  Just because he was unaware of the quality of Peter's work and complimented him on it doesn't make him not an expert.  I too, have been completely isolated from your work until participation on this article.  It's also not any discredit to expertise to be honest enough to admit, especially in print, that one is fallible.  On the contrary, it's a sign of maturity.  That sounds a lot like original research and it's a spurious argument.  It can certainly be argued that Reames was an expert by 2005 at the publication of his 2nd book in 2005.  By that time the term arborsculpture was in widespread usage and not any longer considered a neologism as has been repeatedly alleged.  Now we are here in 2010 and he's presumably learned from even more mistakes, like all of us, and is likely even more expert now than in 2005.  The nouns arborsculpture and arborsculptor are even more deeply entrenched in the cultural vernacular, efforts to quash notwithstanding.  There aren't that many living experts in this craft, and he's clearly one of 'em.  So is Peter Cook, I'd say, and some others.  Even if there was a reason to exclude this text as a reference for using the term as an aka (and I'm not sure there is), there are LOTS more third party sources that use it as the primary name for our topic.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The question is who states Richard Reames is an expert? Where are the peer reviews of his shaped trees? (Can't use interviews based on the books either.) Blackash   have a chat 15:06, 7 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Can someone else ring in please, on whether that is the question, and if it is, what is the best way to answer it conclusively without wasting any time? Duff (talk) 00:58, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The guideline at WP:SPS guides thusly: Self-published material may, in some circumstances, be acceptable when produced by an established expert on the topic of the article whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable third-party publications.  If this is indeed the appropriate standard, what are we looking for to establish that the standard has been met or hasn't?  Does someone have to evaluate his trees, for heaven's sake?  Wouldn't that be original research? Duff (talk) 01:09, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

http://homebuilding.thefuntimesguide.com/2008/02/arborsculpture_tree_shaping.php Blog Questionable Source
 * Blogs are unreliable sources. This one is out as a ref, and not to support pleaching as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/good_wood/pleachng.htm by Mark Primack Article by expert, could be a reliable source
 * Published by a third party, written by an expert, not covered in the article, a reliable source. Supports pleaching as an aka for our topic. Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.treetrunktopiary.be/eng/ personnel web site, advertisement, Questionable Source
 * Commercial website: "Tree Trunk Topiary is geared to the commercial market." Commercial websites are unreliable sources. This one is out as a ref, and not to support tree trunk topiary as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

There you go... like I said I could be wrong but... 99 questionable refs on the wall, you take one down, pass it around... 98 questionable refs on the wall... Slowart (talk) 15:01, 1 June 2010 (UTC)


 * Thanks, I think I will, so pass it on around. Duff (talk) 19:41, 1 June 2010 (UTC)


 * The rest I'll comment on as you select them review. Blackash   have a chat 09:49, 2 June 2010 (UTC)


 * There's my consensus where it applies. The threads need to be pulled back out of the aka names in the actual section above, and see what's left.  We need to do the same process on the rest of the citations in the namespace. Ugh.  I don't want to wrestle my way through those at this moment.  Need rest. Peace out. Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)


 * So we don't destroy this lovely record of tedious labor, I will use the strikeout method to dis-plash the stricken cites. Duff (talk) 18:54, 5 June 2010 (UTC)


 * I have done so, and we're not left with much. Comments? Duff (talk) 21:24, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Below this point, during a long WikiHiatus for Duff, begins in September 2010 a long and strange effort by Blackash to rethink and recast the work completed and agreed to already by Duff, Slowart, and Blackash herself; a project which was finished in July 2010 and left to stand as a reference. Duff in June 2011 has made a few corrections to errors made in this recasting process and transferred those corrections back to the mainspace, as of June, 2011, but has documented these corrections herein and left every word to stand as a record of what else has transpired. d u f f  05:12, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Check all refs for reliability
I'll be using Duff's example above as a guide. Blackash  have a chat 14:04, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

American Friends of Tel Aviv University. Press release Questionable Source. :Press Releases are unreliable sources. This one is out as a reliable ref, and not to support living art as an aka for our topicDuff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Designers choose from among various compliant wood-forming plant species and an evolving array of design options, techniques, and tools to guide and shape living wood tissue as it grows, both above and below ground, perhaps bending, pleaching, weaving, twisting, braiding, grafting, framing, molding, controlling light, or pruning to achieve an intended design. ref name=FriendsofTAU Cite web|publisher=American Friends of Tel Aviv University|url=http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7595 |title=Eco-Architecture Could Produce "Grow Your Own" Homes


 * Having read American Friends Press release, the info above is not based on the reference given. I don't think the ref needs to be here at all. If Press release is ok for WP:SELFPUB there may be some info here that isn't on the article yet and could be. Blackash   have a chat 12:48, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I've done a search on press releases on the reliable sources noticeboard. The advice given in this Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_19 seems appropriate. So I'm removing American friends press release from where it is (as it doesn't match the info) and I'll add some of the info from this press release and use the cite template as duff used. Blackash   have a chat 04:12, 22 September 2010 (UTC)

http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/good_wood/pleachng.htm by Mark Primack Article by expert, could be a reliable source

Published by a third party, written by an expert, not covered in the article, a reliable source. Supports pleaching as an aka for our topic. Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Plants exhibiting this behavior are called inosculate plants. Martk Primack's article Pleaching published by The NSW Good Wood Guide url=http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/good_wood/pleachng.htm
 * I agree this is a reliable source. Blackash   have a chat 11:24, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

They are naturally self-renewing and self-strengthening as the component roots grow thicker. http://www.cherrapunjee.com/index.php?mid=66&pid=66  A Dream Place'' publisher Cherrapunjee Holiday Resort url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Living-Root-Bridge-48779.htm Living Root Bridge publisher=Online Highways LLC

The cherraqunjee ref seems to use reliable sources for its article I would class it as reliable. The india9 ref on it own wouldn't be very reliable but as a supplementary source to the cherraqunjee ref should be ok Blackash   have a chat 11:53, 28 September 2010 (UTC) Blackash   have a chat 11:47, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Forest and Shade Tree Pathology: Wood Decay decay by James Worrall
 * This seems to be an expert in this field. James credentials. The ref states the name as Jim Worrall probably just a mistake as the site states his name is James. I fix the name in the main page. So this would be a reliable sources about wood decay. The site is worth reading and I'll see if there is any other interesting info. Blackash   have a chat 03:42, 9 October 2010 (UTC)


 * No, it wasn't a mistake, unless you are saying that it is a mistake for a man to use the name he chooses, to identify his work, and if you are saying that, your opinion on whether that was a mistake is not so relevant as his, as evidenced by his choice to use that name, Jim Worrall, to identify himself on the page that was cited at . Look down at the bottom right. Nice detective work on his CV, but we're not citing his CV. We're citing his piece on decay. I'm putting that citation back the way it was, which was correct.  I find it interesting that you decided to come back several months after I finished this talkpage sub-page project in July, well after I paused editing Wikipedia completely, and decided to edit it so much with your own work.  You may or may not have noticed that I did not choose to disturb your work on the talkpage sub-page you were working on.  In a way, you have succeeded in making this much more confusing, but in another way, you have left a trail of breadcrumbs.  At least now I know what time period to look in, for this particular type of editing, and these kinds of mistakes, on the main page and main talkpage as well.   d u f f   04:08, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Lois Walpole title grown home is a self published source but it being used for self claims which is fine according to WP:SPS

UCDavisLTN Cooperative Extension University of California title Arborsculpture: Horticultural Art Landscape & Turf News pdf

Duff's opinion of the above ref. "Arborsculpture: Horticultural Art Reliable source".


 * I expanded this citation to a full cite-periodical listing and also cited it elsewhere in the article, where appropriate. It refers to both Reames' and Erlandson's works as arborsculpture, so it's a good ref in support of arborsculpture as a generic name for the craft. Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Mudge, Ken; Janick, Jules; Scofield, Steven; Goldschmidt, Eliezer E. (2009), "A History of Grafting", in Janick, Jules, Issues in New Crops and New Uses, Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plants Products, orig. pub. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 442–443 Reliable source


 * I noted the large file on the citation and cited it elsewhere in the article, where appropriate. It refers to Erlandson's works as arborsculpture, so it's a good ref in support of arborsculpture as a generic name for the craft. Duff (talk) 17:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

I agree that this is a reliable source. Blackash  have a chat 23:08, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

edit break
PurdueU Ken Mudge, Jules Janick, Steven Scofield, Eliezer E.Goldschmidt and editor Jules Janick. Title A History of Grafting large pdf Issues in New Crops and New Uses 2009 pages 442–443 Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plants Products, orig. pub. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This seems to be reliable with lots of info Blackash   have a chat 01:09, 21 October 2010 (UTC) BioPro Title Architects building with trees (real title A very special tree house) This is a reliable source in so far as this is by student Architect for his doctorate at the University of Stuttgart conducting a research project of building with trees. Blackash  have a chat 11:58, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Cassidy, Patti (August, 2008), "A Truly Living Art", Rhode Island Home, Living and Design Magazine (Swansea, Massachusetts: Home, Living & Design, Inc.): 26–27, http://www.rhodeislandhld.com/magazine/aug2008.pdf, retrieved 2010-06-15 This is a dead link and I can't find another copy online. From memory it is talking about what Richard Reames is doing and his book. I also think is has some info and photos of Axel Erlandson's trees. So I leave this for a while, the magazine's site state they may put it up at a later time. Blackash  have a chat 03:11, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

Richard; Delbol, Barbara (1995), How to Grow a Chair: The Art of Tree Trunk Topiary, ISBN 0-9647280-0-1 Reames1. Has been agreed that this is a self publish source so is to be used as back up references, not as the main or only source for controversial points. Blackash  have a chat 08:25, 18 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Self-published, self-admitted non-expert. Should be ok to use for the Reames bio portion only but not elsewhere, and particularly not as a source for establishing arborsculpture as an aka for our topic, though there may well be other reliable sources. This ref is out for that purpose and the article is not about Reames.Duff (talk) 19:54, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Reading WP:SELFQUEST Quote: Self-published and questionable sources may be used as sources of information about themselves, usually in articles about themselves or their activities, without the requirement in the case of self-published sources that they be published experts in the field, so long as:
 * the material is not unduly self-serving;
 * it does not involve claims about third parties;
 * it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the source;
 * there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity;
 * the article is not based primarily on such sources.

Now I would think a self published book that talks about the author's methods of shaping trees and is not making over the top claims on the behalf of other people could be used as a citation as part of larger article. Blackash  have a chat 07:39, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * And that would be your own editorial point of view, which you must shed to edit Wikipedia articles. In retrospect, it's clear why you expressed that here: to attempt to find muster for your case for establishing both superior (purportedly yours) and inferior (purportedly Reames') 'Methods' for which there were no reliable sources to document citations of any such 'Methods'.  d u f f   04:21, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Reames Richard (2002 copyright) Arborsculpture: Solutions for a Small Planet publisher Arborsmith Studios isbn = 0964728087
 * Self-published by Richard Reames. Duff claims this in not a self-published book. It is written by Richard, published by Richard, it seems to me to fit the self-published criteria. I post on finding reliable sources noticeboard. Blackash   have a chat 08:35, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Went to reliable sources and asked here Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_86basically until it is established that Richard Reames was an expert at the time of writing the book it should be treated as a self-published work. WP:SPS Blackash  have a chat 07:19, 20 January 2011 (UTC)


 * Really great that you went through all these motions in January 2011, but I never made any such claim, and your claim that I did so is another strawman argument that you used in this case to waste everyone's time at the Reliable Sources noticeboard. Cite this claim if you believe otherwise, but before you waste your time on that, PLEASE note up above in MY WORK, back before July of 2010, where this source (with the correct publication date of 2005, by the way, which yours is not) is clearly established as a Self-Published work (by all parties, I might add) until such time as it was determined one way or the other whether the author was an expert at the time of the work.  That's what ought to have been pursued diligently.  That question.  This one had already been answered, and you had already agreed.  Your editorial POV clouded your judgment and your second-guessing in this instance makes no sense at all.  Bravo.    d u f f   04:33, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

edit break 2
Link, Tracey (June 13, 2008), "Senior project for Bachelor of Science degree in Landscape Architecture", Arborsculpture: An Emerging Art Form and Solutions to our Environment, p. 15

'''The following material begins an unexpectedly divergent course of copying pieces and parts from several sections of text straight from an unreferenced and undated version of the article, with some notes by whichever editor made this edit or series of edits. It is not clear what the reason or purpose is for the change to the style of documentation of work below this point, so this is a place marker to help future navigators of this material (including this one) to make some sense of what makes no sense to this editor at this time.'''
 * The section below is so I know where I'm up to, in systematically checking the references for reliability at Tree shaping. As part of posting at the RsN they want to know what the reference used to cite. So easiest was to copy and past the main article and then delete what has been checked. I will get back to this but just not yet. Blackash   have a chat 01:09, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

Time component
removing supports in as little as a year and following up with minimal pruning thereafter. As little as one season of guiding growth might be enough to form a design, and then longer for the wood to grow and thicken to the desired size.

For example, a chair design might take 8 to 10 years to reach maturity and might then either remain growing, as with the living Pooktre garden chair, or perhaps be harvested as a finished work, as with Krubsak's The Chair that Lived. Some component specimens may not grow or survive precisely as planned, so some pieces and even the designs themselves may require adjustment to accommodate the lost components. Taller architectural projects, such as Two Leg Tree by Axel Erlandson, may require 10 years of growth or more to accomplish even the first grafting. Eventually, they all die, since each living plant has a lifespan.

Techniques
The initial work of bending and securing in this way might be accomplished in an hour or perhaps in an afternoon.

A practice with results similar to pruning is to more or less slowly kill a branch by girdling it, whether by simply scoring a branch or by removing a narrow band of bark, thereby somewhat more controllably influencing the growth of the adjacent parent wood intended to remain in the finished design.

Aeroponic root culture is yet another technique that might be employed, allowing roots to remain flexible enough to be shaped to form ornamental or functional structures as they grow. According to US Patent No. 7,328,532, tree roots grown aeroponically stay "soft" and so can be trained to grow into desired shapes and forms. Living root bridges have exemplified this technique for several hundred years.

Species options
In a given region, any disease and insect resistant species that grow well there, especially thin-barked species that commonly inosculate in nature might be good candidates for shaping. Each species has its own quirks, which can be understood with time and experience. These wood-forming plants are known to inosculate naturally:
 * Acer Maple


 * Prunus cerasifera Myrobalan Plum

Chronology of notable crafters
..... They can take ten to fifteen years to become fully functional and are expected to last up to 600 years.
 * War-Khasi people

..... He had studied plant grafting and become a skilled found-wood furniture crafter. The idea first came to him to grow his own chair during a weekend wood-hunting excursion with his son.
 * John Krubsack

He started box elder seeds in 1903, selecting and planting either 28 or 32

.....In 1945, he moved his family and the best of his trees from Hilmar to Scotts Valley, California and in 1947, His work appeared in the column of Ripley's Believe It or Not! twelve times. 24 trees from his original garden have survived transplanting to their permanent home at Gilroy Gardens in Gilroy, California. His Telephone Booth Tree is on permanent display at the American Visionary Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland and his Birch Loop tree is on permanent display at the Museum of Art and History in Santa Cruz, California. Both of these are preserved dead specimens.
 * Axel Erlandson

In 1926, he published Wachsende Häuser aus lebenden Bäumen entstehend (Developing Houses from Living Trees) in German. In it, he gave detailed illustrated descriptions of houses grown from trees and described simple building techniques involving guided grafting together of live branches; including a system of v-shaped lateral cuts used to bend and curve individual trunks and branches in the direction of a design, with reaction wood soon closing the wounds to hold the curves.
 * Arthur Wiechula

Nearly 30 years later, the work was just taking on the domed form that he had planned for and intended when he first began.
 * David Nash

He shapes and grafts living woody plants, including their fruits and their roots, into architectural and geometric forms. Lagenaria gourds by allowing them to grow into detailed molds. Three Arches, consists of three pairs of 14-foot sycamore trees, which he grafted into arches to frame different city views, at Frank Curto Park in Pittsburgh.
 * Dan Ladd

The Bangkok Post dubbed him the father of Living Furniture.
 * Nirandr Boonnetr

He had become inspired to grow a chair in 1987 after seeing three fig trees twisting together.
 * Peter Cook and Becky Northey

Myrobalan Plum. Examples of their functional artwork include a growing garden table, a harvested coffee table, hat stands, mirrors, and a gemstone neck piece. They also carve sculptures from trees

Their work was published in the annual book series, Ripley's Believe It or Not.

Richard Reames is an American arborsculptor based in Williams, Oregon, where he manages a nursery, botanical garden, and design studio collectively named Arborsmith Studios. He was inspired by the works of Axel Erlandson, and began sculpting woody plants in 1991 or 1992.
 * Richard Reames

He envisions that living buildings would produce wood, fruit, and flowers to support their occupants and that live wood would grow around windows, doorways, plumbing, and electrical conduits; treating them all as inclusions by engulfing and incorporating them. Reames served as International Coordinator of the Growing Village pavilion at the World Expo 2005 in Japan. He currently lectures worldwide and teaches arborsculpture at the John C. Campbell Folk School.

Dr. Christopher Cattle is a retired furniture design professor from England. He started his first planting of furniture in 1996. According to Cattle, he developed an idea to train and graft trees to grow into shapes, which came to him in the late 1970s, in response to questions from students asking how to build furniture using less energy. Using various species of trees and wooden jigs to shape them, he has grown 15 three-legged stools to completion.
 * Christopher Cattle

He aims to encourage as many people as possible to grow their own furniture, and envisions that, Cattle calls his works grown stools and grown furniture, but also refers to them as grownup furniture, calling them "the result of mature thinking."

who designs and crafts furniture in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. He has patented his technique of growing wooden chairs and as of 2005, had designed, grown, and harvested one chair, in 2004, Wu uses young elm trees, which he says are pliant and do not break easily. He also says that it takes him about five years to grow a tree chair.
 * Mr. Wu

Artistic controversy
Since 1995 when it was first coined, the word arborsculpture has been used around the world             to refer to the craft in general, to the constructions of various crafters in this medium, and to most of the crafters and artisans themselves, both living and not, as both arborsculptors and arborsculpturists. Still, while some artists freely identify the craft and themselves in this way, without controversy, other artists strongly prefer to use their own descriptive terms.

Related art forms
but instead mainly for contemplation by viewers, like most fine art. that would contrast with the true nature of bonsai.
 * Bonsai

also plants which have been shaped in this way.
 * Espalier

develop and maintain clearly defined shapes,
 * Topiary

Alternative names
Other names for tree shaping include:


 * arborsculpture
 * biotecture/biotechture
 * Grown furniture {{rp|21–26}
 * pleaching
 * tree training
 * arbortecture

In arts and literature
Live resprouting shoots emerge from either side of the tree stump seat to form a fancifully twined and pleached two-story-tall chair back.

Before 1600, William Shakespeare mentions pleaching in Act 1, Scene 2 of Much Ado About Nothing.


 * Leonato's brother tells Leonato, "The Prince and Count Claudio, walking in a thick pleached alley in mine orchard, were thus much overheard by a man of mine..."

In 1758, Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic, and theologian Emanuel Swedenborg published Earths in the Universe, in which he wrote of visiting another planet where the residents dwelled in living groves of trees, whose growth they had planned and directed from a very young stage into living quarters and sanctuaries.

In the late 19th century, Styrian Christian mystic and visionary Jakob Lorber published The Household of God. In it, he wrote about the wisdom of planting trees in a circle, because once grown together, the ring of trees would be a much better house than could be built.

References Duff added recently +

 * Arborsculpture
 * Note large file: 8.04MB
 * Note large file: 8.04MB
 * Arbortecture
 * Biotecture/Biotechture
 * Grown furniture
 * Live Art
 * Living furniture
 * Pleaching
 * Pooktre
 * Tree training