Talk:Tricholoma pardinum

Deadly Poisonous?
Are the symptoms of poisoning "merely" discomfort, or have there been reported cases of fatalities or permanent injury due to the mushroom? -- 22:56, 11 February 2008 (UTC)


 * Probably just discomfort, I have never heard of a fatal Tricholoma poisoning. Alan Rockefeller (Talk - contribs) 23:08, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Finishing the job...
Stuff to do one day before taking to FAC ''(this was another article I meant to take all the way at some stage but have left at the GA staging point for some time...Casliber (talk · contribs) 21:26, 28 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Sort out taxonomy - explore the origin of the mixup in species names with trigrinum (might need to learn how to read Czech for that...).


 * Distribution, including any differences between Europe and Nth American populations.


 * Confusion with other edible species in Nth America.

Anything else....?
 * more micro characteristics
 * more in-depth discussion of similar species, maybe a pic or two for this section (a good idea especially for a toxic species that resembles edible ones) Sasata (talk) 00:41, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * there appear to be some varieties and a form that should be mentioned (var. unguentatum (Fr.) Bon 1974; f. albellum Bon 1990; var. filamentosum Alessio 1983)
 * any objections to me whipping the refs into shape, including list-defining (would retain your preferred citation format)? Sasata (talk) 04:03, 30 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Happy for you to spruce up refs - my preferred author name is "Smith, John" :) - am working on others...Casliber (talk · contribs) 03:32, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ Ok, this is mostly done, although I may do some minor tweaks later (e.g., isbn hyphenation). Sasata (talk) 20:04, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

NB: When I type "Tricholoma pardinum" into Web of Science search I get zero hits...? 21:29, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Here's my Web of Science results:
 * Title: Pharmacological activity of the mushrooms Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing., Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr., and Tricholoma pardinum Quel. (Basidiomycota).
 * Author(s): Badalian S. M.; Serrano J. J.; Rapior S.; et al.
 * Source: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms Volume: 3   Issue: 1   Pages: 27-33   Published: 2001
 *  Aha! This one is in hard print in my uni library, so will get to it..eventually.. read this one - in essence, intraperitoneal administration seemed to make some mice more curious (????). Strikes me as a bit esoteric to add...Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:07, 4 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Title: Notes on the genus Tricholoma - II.
 * Foreign Title: Approccio al genere Tricholoma - II.
 * Author(s): Chiari M.; Papetti C.
 * Source: Rivista di Micologia Volume: 43   Issue: 3   Pages: 199-210   Published: 2000
 *  Aha! This one is in hard print as well in my uni library, so will get to it..eventually.. I have it now, and it is in Italian. Does mention var filamentosum though. Will try and translate to see if anything else to add but not very large. Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:07, 4 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Title: A poisonous species, Tricholoma pardinum newly recorded in Japan.
 * Author(s): Miyauchi S.
 * Source: Nippon Kingakukai Kaiho Volume: 38   Issue: 2   Pages: 85-86   Published: 1997
 * ✅ got that one in now. Casliber (talk · contribs) 22:12, 2 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Title: TRICHOLOMA-PARDINUM-VAR-FILAMENTOSUM NEW-VARIETY
 * Author(s): ALESSIO C L
 * Source: Micologia Italiana Volume: 12   Issue: 2   Pages: 15-21   Published: 1983
 * ✅ added Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:03, 4 October 2011 (UTC)


 * Title: POISONOUS TOADSTOOLS CONCLUSION PART 5 THE TIGER-STRIPED TRICHOLOMA AND THE MOUNTAIN-SNOW ENTOLOMA PART 6 THE MUSHROOMS CONTAINING RESINOID SUBSTANCES
 * Author(s): LEMESLE R
 * Source: Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research Volume: 12   Issue: 4   Pages: 1976-1987   Published: 1972
 * not added as I can't access fulltext, but I get the idea of anything substantive came out of it...it'd be discussed elsewhere (?) Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:03, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
 * To be sure, I just requested this from ILL, will update article if anything worthwhile. Sasata (talk) 07:09, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

There's a few more in JSTOR, but will have to sift through them to assess relevance. I'll have a look through my library too and see if I can find extra. Sasata (talk) 00:35, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Dang, I don't get how I can't find them...must take another look.... :/ Casliber (talk · contribs) 00:49, 29 September 2011 (UTC)


 * Aaww, translating the chinese page gave a really cool common name - tabby mushroom...be nice to find a source in English for that one.....Casliber (talk · contribs) 22:15, 2 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I can see a Google snippet from this book (search for "Dirty trich") which suggests there may be more species (including Tricholoma atrosquamosum) that should be mentioned. Can you see any more of this? Sasata (talk) 09:14, 3 December 2011 (UTC)


 * nope, can't see any of that :( Only other mushroom not compared in the article is T. basirubens which is uncommon and regarded as a subspecies of orirubens''. Will scour some old texts to see if any extrageneric confusions. Casliber (talk · contribs) 08:11, 7 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Another query is placement of Quelet in taxonomy section. Leave where is or make section more chronological (and hence after Fries?) Casliber (talk · contribs) 08:11, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, have moved it there. Sasata (talk) 04:17, 8 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Would it be worthwhile adding this image to the history section? It's attractive, historically relevant, and think the section is large enough to accommodate it. If yes, I'd try to screencapture a higher-res version from Schäffer 1762 and maybe clean it up a bit in Photoshop.
 * Yes, I think it is a great illustration and well worth adding. The section is still being enlarged so have at it. I haven't read Quelet and there might be some expanding to do there too. Casliber (talk · contribs) 04:23, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ (took me a while to find it, the image is in volume 2, an earlier volume than the description). Sasata (talk) 19:57, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Nice addition. Casliber (talk · contribs) 23:12, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * The lead could stand to be a few sentences longer
 * agree. Casliber (talk · contribs) 04:23, 8 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Index Fungorum lead me to this which suggests that Tricholoma pardinum var. unguentatum is synonymous with Agaricus unguentatus Fr. The citation for this is Bon, Marcel (1974). Documents Mycologiques 4(Fasc. 14): 93 (in French, probably). Is it worth seeing if anyone has access to this on WP:Resource exchange?
 * More digging reveals that it is in this article: Sasata (talk) 04:40, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * BON M. - 1974 - Tricholomes de France et d'Europe occidentale - 2 - Partie descriptive - 4 (14) : 55 - 110


 * Also pondering placement of Herink/Kotlaba and pardalotum name in taxo section - whether it goes better at end after Quelet too, or left where it is...Casliber (talk · contribs) 05:22, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Honestly, the whole section could use a copyedit for flow... I'm waiting a few days to get fresher eyes ("strategic distance"). Am not sure the mention of the variety should be in taxonomy, maybe better in description? Sasata (talk) 19:57, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I'd normally list varieties in taxonomy but agree it can be better elsewhere sometimes. They are a bit vague and not (it appears) universally recognised, so maybe description is ok. Pondering....Casliber (talk · contribs) 23:12, 9 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Just double checked all my guidebooks - they only ever talk of T. pardinum being confused with other grey-capped tricholomas, nothing else....weird then how many people get poisoned....Casliber (talk · contribs) 23:31, 8 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Regarding taxonomy - I did go into detail as to why Secretan's names aren't used at Amanita_phalloides (last sentence of para 1) - should something similar be added here or is it too off-topic? Casliber (talk · contribs) 10:47, 14 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Final bits and pieces before FAC
 * lead is still too short, theres no summary at all of the taxonomy section.
 * text squishing in the taxonomy section; this may be relieved partially by a longer lead
 * One solution would be to put the range map in the Distribution and habitat section, to reduce the length of the taxobox/mmbox. Sasata (talk) 06:25, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Secretan's Mycographie Suisse is available online, so if we figured out the page #, we could add a cite to "Louis Secretan provided a description forty years before Quélet,"
 * I'm still unsure about the flow of the first part of the taxonomy section, and think it might be confusing to people who haven't written the article … actually, it's still confusing to me :) Sasata (talk) 03:05, 31 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Am looking for a page ref for Secretan but to no avail. Might just have to trawl through it...I am pondering whether rejigging the taxo section so it is strictly chronological would help, which would mean dismantling the first mini-para and sprinkling those facts at the corresponding time-junctures. Casliber (talk · contribs) 05:01, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, try rejigging... I think this section will otherwise get queried at the FAC. Sasata (talk) 05:23, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Taxonomy section looks ok to me now, time for additional eyes? Sasata (talk) 06:04, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * bombs awaaaayyy Casliber (talk · contribs) 12:13, 4 February 2012 (UTC)


 * something else: MycoBank only gives the basionym Agaricus myomyces var. pardinus Pers. 1801 and Tricholoma pardalotum Herink & Kotl. 1967 as synonyms, so technically we'll need another source in the synonyms_ref parameter to account for Tricholoma tigrinum (Schaeffer) P.Kumm. (1871) and Gyrophila tigrina Schaeff. ex Quel. (1886). Perhaps Riva (2003)? Here's another thing: MycoBank and Fungorum don't acknowledge this synonymy. MycoBank considers Tricholoma tigrinum (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871 to be a distinct species, while Fungorum recognizes the name, but under a different authority: Tricholoma tigrinum (Schaeff.) Gillet 1874. What to make of this? We have differing opinions from the two main sources of fungal taxonomy used by the Wikiproject … maybe this should be detailed in a footnote? Sasata (talk) 06:00, 31 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Aargh, Riva only lists Gyrophila tigrina Quel. and T. pardalotum - I'm guessing the reasoning is that T. tigrinum as applied to this fungus is not technically a synonym but a misapplied and invalid name (even though it is logical to record that there has been an application of that name to this one...). Strictly speaking, we'll have to remove it from the box and be careful how we describe it in the prose ...(groan) Casliber (talk · contribs) 13:04, 3 February 2012 (UTC)


 * PS: Riva gives Secretan ref as Vol II, p. 158, N 717 (hooray! that was impossible to find online...here goes...) Casliber (talk · contribs) 13:08, 3 February 2012 (UTC)


 * "However, T. tigrinum has also been applied to the fungus now known as Lentinus tigrinus, and hence the consensus is for T. pardinum." This sentence will need refactoring, as the average reader will not understand why B naturally follows from A ("hence") but I can't think of a suitable wording yet ... Sasata (talk) 06:17, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Lead reads fine to me now. Sasata (talk) 06:04, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Herink and Kotlaba
abstract Casliber (talk · contribs) 23:38, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

Riva book in Italian
Ok, this book gives a detailed account of the naming issue...but it's in Italian! So I typed it out thus:

Note tassonomiche
La cronistoria relativa alla nomenclatura del ''Tr. Pardinum'' (Pers.) Quel. e sicuramente tra le piu complice e controverse, tanto da far prendere in seria considerazione la pubblicazione dei micologi cecoslovacchi Herink e Kotlaba (1967) i quali su "Ceska Mykologie", per semplificare il tutto propongono Tricholoma pardalotum spec. nov. per risolvere una evoluzione nomenclatoria durata oltre 200 anni e sicuramente imperfetta.

Tutto inizia con l’Agaricus tigrinus di Schaeffer 1762, raffigurato nella tavola N. 89 del famoso trattato "Fungorum qui in Baria et Palatinatu…".

Questo disegno rappresenta sicuramente il fungo di questa scheda ma la relativa diagnosi e difficilmente e correlabile all’immagine o quantomeno e assai lacunosa.

Elias Fries, (1821) nel "Systema Mycologicum" inserisce l’Agaricus tigrinus ma rifacendosi non al fungo dello Schaeffer ma all’Agaricus tigrini del Bulliard ; oggi sappiamo che questa specie non e un tricoloma ma l’attuale Panus tigrinus (Bull. :Fr.) Sing..

Nel 1838, nell’Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici, Fries aggiunge un’altro Agaricus tigrinus dando una figura nelle Icones selectae… del 1867; qualche Autore ha ritenuto di vedere in questa diagnosi e immagine addirittura un igroforo, probabilmente il marzuolus o il caprinus

Risulta evidente a questo momento che due Agaricus tigrinus non possono coesistere, ne in pratica e tantomeno tassonomia. Quelet (1873), infatti nei “Campignons du Jura et des Vosges” lascia cadere la definizione tigrinus e descrive nuovamente il fungo come Tricholoma pardinum.

Quarant’anni prima pero della pubblicazione di L. Quelet, il micologo svizzero L. Secretan, nella “Mycographie Suisse“ aveva dato per primo una reale descrizione dell’ Agaricus pardinus ; egli era risalito all’ Agaricus myomyces var. pardinus di C.H.Persoon 1801.

Questo dato sicuramente importante tassonomicamente, e stato ignorato prima dal Fries (1821) e poi dal Quelet (1873), pertanto l’esatta definizione della specie dovrebbe essere Tricholoma pardinum (Secr.) Quel… Una ulteriore incertezza che va ad aggiungersi alle molte altre verificabili in letteratura e correlate a questo tricoloma. A sdrammatizzare le tensioni tra i conservatori di tigrinus e i fautori di pardinus interviene R. Maire (1911) il quale sul BSMF, in modo molto brillante afferma che, dopotutto, il cambiamenta non e affatto rivoluzionario… dalla tigre al leopardo il passo e breve… Se sulla specie si e molto scritto e discusso, ben stabile e fissata e l’immagine di questo tricoloma tossico. La nostra opinione, e ci referiamo al valido contributo dei micologi Herink e Kotlaba gia citato all’inizio, e pero quella di mantenere e percio non introdurre nuovi nomi quando l’interpretazione generale del concetto e chiara, valida e di diffusione quasi universale. Una proposta la nostra di una particolare nomina conservanda, che invocheremo anche in qualche altro caso, pur se la stretta applicazione del nuovo codice di Sydeny ci da malauguratamente torto. Accanto al Tricholoma pardinum (Pers.) Quel. sono state registrate due varieta : la prima quella di C.L. Alessio var. filamentosum e un’altra piu labile var. unguentatum (Fr.) Bon, distinta per la gracilita degli esemplari e la relativa untuosita del rivestimento pileico.

approximate translation:

Taxonomic Notes
The chronology of the nomenclature of the ''Tr. Pardinum'' (Pers.) Quel. is certainly among the most complicated and controversial, so much so as to make the publication of the Czechoslovak mycologists Herink and Kotlaba (1967) seriously consider the same under "Czech Mycology"; for simplicity they suggested [the name] Tricholoma pardalotum spec. nov. to resolve a nomenclatorial evolution lasting over 200 years and certainly imperfect.

It all starts with the Agaricus tigrinus of Schaeffer 1762, depicted in Table 89 of the famous treatise Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones ("On the mushrooms of Bavaria and the Palatinate").

This drawing certainly represents the fungus of this card but its differential diagnosis [or whatever mycologists say] is hardly [and] correlatable to the image or at least sketchy.

Elias Fries (1821) in Systema Mycologicum inserts the Agaricus tigrinus but refers not to Schaeffer's fungus, but Bulliard's Agaricus tigrinus; today we now know that this species is not a tricholoma but the current Panus tigrinus (Bull.: Fr) Sing.

In 1838, in Epicrisis Systematis Mycologica, Fries adds another Agaricus tigrinus giving a figure in Icones selectae ... of 1867; various authors even believed to see in this description and image a hygrophorus, probably marzuolus or caprinus.

It is clear at this moment that two Agaricus tigrinus cannot coexist, neither in practice, let alone in taxonomy. Quélet (1873), in fact, in "Champignons du Jura et des Vosges", drops the definition tigrinus and describes the mushroom again under Tricholoma pardinum.

But forty years before the publication of L. Quélet, the Swiss mycologist L. Secretan in "Mycographie Suisse", had first given a real description of Agaricus pardinus; this was based on Agaricus myomyces var. pardinus of C. H. Persoon 1801.

This information, taxonomically important as it certainly is, was ignored first by Fries (1821) and then by Quélet (1873), so that the exact definition of the species should be Tricholoma pardinum (Secr.) Quel… A further uncertainty that joins the many others verifiable in the literature is related to this tricholoma. To defuse the tensions between those keeping tigrinus and the advocates of pardinus intervenes R. Maire (1911) who in BSMF very brilliantly affirms that after all the change is by no means revolutionary... from tiger to leopard is only a short step... Even though much has been written and discussed about the species, the depiction of this toxic tricholoma is stable and fixed. Our opinion, and here we refer to the valuable contribution of mycologists Herink and Kotlaba that we cited at the beginning, is however that of preserving and therefore not introducing new names when the general interpretation of the term is clear, valid and in almost universal use. A proposal from our side for a specific nomina conservanda, which we will also invoke in certain other cases, even though the straightforward application of the new Sydney code unfortunately forbids it. Next to Tricholoma pardinum (Pers.) Quel. two varieties have been recorded: the first being that of C.L. Alessio var. filamentosum and another, weaker, var. unguentatum (Fr.) Bon, distinguished by the slimness of the specimens and the relative greasiness of the pileus coating.

Now to find...

 * Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones, nativis coloribus expressae....but which volume...Casliber (talk · contribs) 13:29, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The tables are numbered consistently throughout all 5 volumes, so the reference is unambiguous. I found references to this mushroom in the following places. (Page numbers are those of the digital edition.)
 * Volume 1, page 87: Description of Table 89 in Latin and German.
 * Volume 1, page 186: Table 89 itself.
 * Volume 5, page 35: Schaeffer on Table 89, in Latin only.
 * Hans Adler 08:36, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that, I had a slow connection (and computer!) before which meant I had difficulty navigating the document. Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:19, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Next one, Fries 1821 work Systema Mycologicum....Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:26, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * nope that Agaricus tigrinus definitely ain't T. pardinum as Riva notes...need to look at Bulliard now....Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:36, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Bulliard 1782 Herbier de la France Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:38, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * damn, this is fun but I need to sleep! Oh well, there's always tomorrow (and finding other Fries etc.) zzzzzzzzzzz Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:40, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * NB" Panus tigrinus is Lentinus tigrinus'' Casliber (talk · contribs) 14:41, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Okay, this is Fries in 1838 - this bit clearly refers to Schaeffer 1762 now....now to translate the Latin.....Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:40, 1 December 2011 (UTC)


 * Here is the 1911 René Maire publication referred to above. My French is weak, but I can't see where he "very brilliantly affirms that after all the change is by no means revolutionary... from tiger to leopard is only a short step". Sasata (talk) 04:01, 8 December 2011 (UTC)


 * I think we need Circeus...dunno if he has this page watchlisted. Will ping him. Casliber (talk · contribs) 04:18, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree with that. Maire makes no mention of it. I suspect some bibliographic error. Circéus (talk) 14:57, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Bother, that was such a nice quote about tiger and a leopard....Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:18, 13 December 2011 (UTC)


 * from article: "Italian mycologist Alfredo Riva has noted that Swiss mycologist Louis Secretan provided a description forty years before Quélet, in his Mycographie Suisse, and queried why it was ignored." Perhaps this article provides the answer to Riva's query?
 * Yes, funny how one forgets looking into this before - I wrote something at Amanita_phalloides on this very problem. Question is, is that the right level of detail? Too much, or too little....? Casliber (talk · contribs) 07:29, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

Lemesle paper in French
From Google translation follows. Sasata (talk) 06:04, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

"Parmi les nombreux champignons agents de méfaits gastro-intestinaux, il en existe principalement un, fort malfaisant, qui détermine une violent irritation du tube digestif: le Tricholoma tigrinum Barla – Tricholoma pardinum Quélet. Les manifestations cliniques provoquées par son ingestion ont paru assez spéciales pour amener SARTORY et KONRAD à isoler un "syndrome tricholomien" . Comme le fait remarquer R. HENRY (6), il serait préféreable de le nommer "syndrome tigrinien ou pardinien". Cependant bien des autuers, parmi lesquels ROCH (17) dés 1920, ont estimé qu'il n'y a pas lieu de la séparer du "syndrome gastro-intestinale"; et, récemment, plusieurs mycologues ont partagé cette opinion. Néanmoins, en raison de la gravité de l'empoisonnement consécutif à ce champignon, il nous semble préférable de le traiter dans un chapitre distinct.

Nous donnerons tout d'abord la description du genre Tricholoma, Agaricaceé à basidiospores blanches: Carpophore dépourvu de volve et d'anneau. Chapeau non séparable du pied. Lamelles émarginées. Texture du pied trés fibreuse, laissant des exquilles quand on le brise."

... description omitted ...

"Comme l'indiquent MENU et FAURE (16), on pourrait confondre le Tricholoma tigrinum Barla avec le Tricholoma terreum Schaef. ex Fr. et avec le Tricholoma scalpuratum Fr. Le Tricholoma terreum diffère surtout par le chapeau sensibilement plus mince, uniformément couvert le squames au centre comme à la périphérie; son diamètre attient au plus de 8 cm; les lamelles sont espacées; le pied se montre cylindrique, grêle et fragile. On le consomme sous le nom de Tricholoma couleur de terre, petit-gris, champignon de la Saint-Martin.

Le Tricholoma scalpturatum Fr. – Tricholoma argyraceum Gillet (tricholoma gravé, tricholoma argenté) resemble a l'espèce précédente; il en diffère cependant par le chapeau couvert de squames plus dispersées à la périphérie. C'est un champignon de petite taille, le diamètre du chapeau ne dépassant pas 5 cm et la hauteur du pied atteignant au plus 4 cm. Il se caractérise principalement par la teinte jaune vif qui apparaît, avec l'âge, d'abord sur les lamelles, puis sur les autres points du corps fructifère où commence la corruption.

Ces deux espèces se trouvant communément en plaine, sous feuillus et Conifères, tandis que le tricholome tigré est essentiellement montagnard.

Romagnesi (2) recommande surtout d'éviter la confusion du Tricholoma orirubens Quel. (tricholme à lames bordées de rouge), comestible estimé, avec le tricholome tigré. Cet auteur met en évidence les caractères distinctifs de ces deux espèces. Ce qui attire particulièrement l'attention chez le Tricholoma orirubes, c'est la tendance des lamelles à rosir nettement, tandis que chez le Tricholoma tigrinum, elles sont blanchâtres, plus ou moins teintées d'olivâtre ou de gris brun. De plus, le Tricholoma orirubens se distingue du Tricholoma tigrinum par les plus faibles dimensions du chapeau, les écailles qui recouvrent toute sa surface, la chair assez cassante, les lamelles plus espacées, puis par le pied qui se creuse. Il pousse en plaine comme en montagne, dans les bois feuillus.

Les symptômes cliniques déclenchés par l'ingestion du tricholome tigré sont les suivants:
 * Douleurs stomacales, nausées, frissons.
 * Vomissements abondants et répétés. Diarrhée fétide avec douleurs abdominales. Céphalalgie; crampes dans les mollets. Grande faiblesse.
 * Le début est rapide, les premiers phénomenes d'intoxication apparaissant une à deux heure après l'ingestion.
 * Le rétablissement est complete, en général, au bout de 5 ou 6 jours, hormis les cas de sujets débilités. Exceptionnellement VARRO et TYLER (23) ont signalé des cas mortels chez l'enfant."

-

Among the many misdeeds of fungal agents Gastrointestinal, there are mainly one, very evil, that determines a violent irritation of the gastrointestinal tract: the Tricholoma tigrinum Barla – Tricholoma pardinum Quélet. The clinical signs provoked by ingestion appeared quite special to bring Sartory and KONRAD to isolate a "tricholoma syndrome". As noted by R. HENRY (6), it is preferred to call it "syndrome or tigrinien pardinien". However many authors, including ROCH (17) of 1920, considered that there is no need to separate it from the "GI syndrome", and, recently, many mycologists have shared this view. However, due to the severity of poisoning resulting from this fungus, it seems preferable to treat it in a separate chapter.

We will first describe the genus Tricholoma, Agaricales with white basidiospores: Fruiting body without volva and ring. Inseparable Cap stipe. Notched gills. Very fibrous texture of the stipe, leaving exquilles when the breeze.

...

As shown MENU and FAURE (16), one might confuse Tricholoma tigrinum Barla with Tricholoma terreum Schaef. ex Fr., and with Tricholoma scalpuratum Fr.

Tricholoma terreum differs mainly by the cap sensitivity thinner uniformly covered the scales as the center to the periphery, and its diameter reaches more than 8 cm, the gills are spaced, the foot appears cylindrical, slender and fragile. It is eaten as the color of Tricholoma ground squirrel, mushroom of St. Martin.

Tricholoma scalpturatum Fr. – Tricholoma argyraceum Gillet (engraved Tricholoma, silver Tricholoma) resembles the preceding species, but differs from it in the cap covered with scales scattered over the periphery. It is a small mushroom, the cap diameter not exceeding 5 cm and height of the foot up to 4 cm.

It is characterized mainly by the bright yellow color that appears, with age, first on the strips, then the other parts of the fruiting bodies or corruption begins.

Both species are commonly found in lowland hardwoods and conifers in, while the tiger is essentially tricholoma mountain.

Romagnesi (2) recommended especially to avoid the confusion of Tricholoma orirubens Quel. (tricholoma blade with a red edge), considered edible, with the Tiger Tricholoma. The author highlights the distinctive features of these two species. What draws particular attention in Tricholoma orirubes is the tendency for the gills to turn to turn significantly pink, while in the Tricholoma tigrinum, they are whitish, more or less tinged with olive-brown or gray. In addition, Tricholoma orirubens differs from Tricholoma tigrinum by the smaller dimensions of the cap, the scales that cover its entire surface, the quite brittle flesh, the gills further apart, then the stipe is growing. It grows in the plains as the mountains in the hardwoods.

Clinical symptoms triggered by the ingestion of the Tiger mushroom are:
 * Stomach pains, nausea, chills.
 * Profuse vomiting and repeat. Fetid diarrhea with abdominal pain. Headache, cramps in the calves. Great weakness.
 * The onset is rapid, the first phenomena of intoxication appear one to two hours after ingestion.
 * Recovery is complete, in general, after 5 or 6 days, except in cases of debilitated subjects. Exceptionally VARROA and TYLER (23) have reported fatal cases in children.

Wow, be good to find the Varroa and Tyler ref. Casliber (talk · contribs) 11:56, 8 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Varro E., Tyler Jr. Poisonous mushrooms. Prog. chem. Toxicol. U.S.A. 1963; 339–84
 * My library has this in print ... will try to retrieve it in the next week. Sasata (talk) 19:53, 8 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Great. Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:37, 8 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Now the other question is, whether and how to describe the syndrome - so we have one person from the early 20th century who gave it a specific name in his thesis, but later consensus is to classify it as a GI syndrome along with many other species. I suppose we can put a short para on it with mention in lead...? Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:37, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Range map
Cas, I recently acquired |"The Book of Fungi" (Robert & Evans, 2011). In addition to being an eminently readable account of 600 common species, it also gives a range map for each of them, including T. pardinum. If I sent you a photo of the relevant page, do you think you'd be able to whip up a range map that we could include in the taxobox? (I'd do it myself, but my skills with drawing software suck, and I know you've done similar) If you're busy, I'll send a request to the graphics lab (there's no rush, of course!) Sasata (talk) 20:22, 10 January 2012 (UTC)


 * Yes please - I'd be happy to so fire away. I'll do it right after one for Noisy Miner (getting a bit bored of using an Australia map all the time anyway....) Casliber (talk · contribs) 00:19, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

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