Talk:W. Russell Neuman

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Professional Career
Neuman began his academic career as Assistant Professor of Sociology at Yale University’s Sociology Department and Institution for Social and Policy Studies. His research focused on the cultural and political impact of broadcast television. His Public Opinion Quarterly article "Patterns of Recall among Television News Viewers" funded by the National Association of Broadcasters was among the first to actual assess what viewers could recall from watching the evening network news. On average viewers could recall only about one of the typically 20 stories per newscast. In response to an early report on this research at the National Association of Broadcasters conferenceTime Magazine could not resist needling their broadcast competitors by characterizing the finding of the study as “In one rabbit ear and out the other.”  He conducted a series of parallel studies on the impact of entertainment TV and evolving changes in cable and satellite television for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the Markle Foundation.

In 1980 Neuman joined the faculty of MIT as an Assistant Professor working with Ithiel de Sola Pool’s Research Program on Communication Policy and the MIT Media Lab. He published The Paradox of Mass Politics from his doctoral dissertation which focuses on electoral dynamics given typically low levels of political knowledge among American voters with Harvard University Press in 1986. The book develops a model of three publics, which more accurately portrays the distribution of political knowledge and behavior in the mass population. Neuman identifies a stratum of apoliticals, a large middle mass, and a politically sophisticated elite. The elite is so small (less than 5 percent) that the beliefs and behavior of its member are lost in the large random samples of national election surveys, but so active and articulate that its views are often equated with public opinion at large by the powers in Washington. The key to the paradox of mass politics is the activity of this tiny stratum of persons who follow political issues with care and expertise.

At MIT he organized a series of studies of audience dynamics and changing technologies with an industry consortium of NBC, CBS, ABC, Time Inc., Warner Media, the Washington Post and the New York Times which resulted in The Future of the Mass Audience published by Cambridge University Press in 1991. At the Media Lab Neuman conducted a series of studies of audience perceptions of test versions of the then evolving standard for High Definition Television. Audiences were lukewarm about the early high-cost, small-screen versions but proved enthusiastic in response to the later large-screen flat-panel displays which quickly became the norm. In one surprising result, the research team found that increasing the audio quality of video display resulted in higher levels of audience interest and engagement and, curiously, higher perceived quality of the video display.

Continuing the research on media effects Professor Neuman with Marion Just and Ann Crigler published Common Knowledge with University of Chicago Press in 1992. The study supported by the Spencer Foundation systematically compared learning from print and broadcast news sources. The study analyzed coverage of 150 television and newspaper stories on five prominent issues—drugs, AIDS, South African apartheid, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the stock market crash of October 1987. It tested audience responses of more than 1,600 people, and conducted in-depth interviews with a select sample. What emerges is a surprisingly complex picture of people actively and critically interpreting the news, making sense of even the most abstract issues in terms of their own lives, and finding political meaning in a sophisticated interplay of message, medium, and firsthand experience.

With Lee McKnight and Richard Jay Solomon The Gordian Knot: Political Gridlock on the Information Highway (MIT Press, 1997) reviewed the dramatic deregulation and reorganization of American telecommunications industry and won the 1997 McGannon Award for Social and Ethical Relevance in Communications Policy Research.

From 1997-01 Neuman joined the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania as Professor of Communication and Director of the Information and Society Program, Annenberg Public Policy Center. In the late 90s and the U.S. election of 2000 the web was young. Candidates debated whether their campaign should have a web site. Adventurous citizens explored web interactivity, comparing policy positions, and online discussion. Neuman’s research team supported by the Pew Foundation content analyzed the early web, conducted field research in the New Hampshire primary and conducted surveys and depth interviews to capture the transition to the new era of online politics.

Following Susan Neuman to Washington DC as she was appointed Assistant Secretary of Elementary and Secondary Education in 2001, Russell was appointed as a Senior Policy Analyst in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to work in his field of media technology and regulation. In response to 9/11 OSTP began work in the area of biometrics policy and international security and Dr. Neuman joined that working group. Neuman initiated a comparative study of expert human judgment versus computerized facial recognition in cooperation with the Department of Homeland Security.

As John Derby Evans Professor of Media Technology at the University of Michigan department of Communication Studies and Institute of Social Research from 2001-2013, Neuman initiated a series of studies of political communication and media technology with support from the National Science Foundation. With George Marcus and Michael MacKuen a series of survey experiments led to the development of Affective Intelligence Theory (AIT). AIT challenges the conventional rational choice model by which reasoning is dominant and emotions inhibit sound political judgment. In contrast AIT proposes that affect and conscious reasoning are complementary with special emphasis on the role of anxiety in promoting information-seeking behavior.

After a decade of research Neuman completed The Digital Difference (Harvard University Press) in 2018. The book examines how the transition from the industrial-era media of one-way publishing and broadcasting to the two-way digital era of online search and social media has dramatically influenced the dynamics of public life. Neuman argues that technologies by their nature do not cause freedom nor do they limit it. Technologies are embedded in a complex set of cultural expectations and institutions as well as regulatory and legal principles. He concludes that the fear of the “communication effects” of “bad ideas” is the enemy of free speech.

Now at the Educational Communication and Technology Program of NYU’s Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, Neuman’s research focus shifted to the most recent of technological transitions – the evolution of artificial intelligence. His 2023 book Evolutionary Intelligence: How Technology Will Make Us Smarter (MIT Press) explores the rarely acknowledged role of next generation artificial intelligence as augmenting human decision-making by compensating for gaps in human intelligence. Neuman argues that we should not design our emergent AI systems to replicate human thinking. Instead we should design them to it to think differently, to augment human thinking in fresh ways to compensate for the relatively well understood errors and distortions in typical human thinking and behavior, in what he characterizes as the next stage of human inventiveness.

Wrneuman (talk) 23:22, 6 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Reason for the change: No self-serving COI here. Just trying to update bibliographic and career information. Each of the substantive statements has a or draws from the cited publication.
 * References supporting change:
 * The Paradox of Mass Politics: Knowledge and Opinion in the American Electorate. Harvard University Press, 1986.
 * The Future of the Mass Audience. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
 * Common Knowledge: News and the Construction of Political Meaning. (with Marion Just and Ann Crigler), University of Chicago Press,1992.
 * The Gordian Knot: Political Gridlock on the Information Highway (with Lee McKnight and Richard Jay Solomon), MIT Press, 1997.
 * Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment (with George Marcus and Michael MacKuen), University of Chicago Press, 2000
 * The Digital Difference: Media Technology and the Theory of Communication Effects. Harvard University Press, 2016.
 * “Television Sound and Viewer Perceptions,” (with Ann N. Crigler, and V. Michael Bove) Proceedings of the Joint IEEE/Audio Engineering Society, Detroit Michigan, February, 1991
 * "Patterns of Recall among Television News Viewers," Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 40, Number 1, Spring, 1976.
 * "The Mass Audience Looks at HDTV: An Early Experiment," National Association of Broadcasters Annual Conference, Las Vegas, April 1988.
 * Book Award. Donald McGannon Communication Research Center. Accessed October 2, 2010
 * With the exception of the Fordham link (which is broken, by the way), those are all primary sources, i.e. things you have written. Wikipedia is more interested in what independent sources have written about you. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 11:43, 7 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I'm learning about the culture of verifiability in collective authorship. I'll add an externally sourced review or two to each substantive paragraph. Is that a reasonable strategy moving toward an update? Wrneuman (talk) 14:41, 7 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I fixed the broken Fordham link. Wrneuman (talk) 14:47, 7 June 2023 (UTC)
 * As I read more thoroughly through your request, I find that the facts are likely sufficiently supported by the publications, but you'll need to properly attach each publication to the fact or facts it verifies. Once that is done, we can add the material to your biography. You'll also need citations for your work with the OSTP. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 15:31, 7 June 2023 (UTC)