Tanaorhamphus

Tanaorhamphus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Tanaorhamphus longirostris, that infests animals.

Taxonomy
The species was described by Van Cleave in 1913 but under the Neorhynchus genus. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on Tanaorhamphus that would confirm its position as a unique order in the family Neoechinorhynchidae.

Description
T. longirostris consists of a proboscis covered in hooks, a proboscis receptacle, and a long trunk.

Distribution
The distribution of T. longirostris is determined by that of its hosts.

Hosts
The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Tanaorhamphus are ???. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor are passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Tanaorhamphus.

T. longirostris parasitizes animals. There are no reported cases of T. longirostris infesting humans in the English language medical literature.