Textual variants in the Book of Genesis

Textual variants in the Book of Genesis concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Genesis.

List
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

Genesis 1
Genesis 1:1, see also In the beginning (phrase)
 * – MT 4QGen$b$ (4QGen$g$) SP
 * – 4QGen$h$
 * ἐν ἀρχῇ – LXX LXX$Rahlfs$ ABP
 * In principio – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 1:1, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim
 * ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGen$b$) 4QGen$g$ SP. Grammatically speaking, the word is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as, meaning "God".
 * ο θεός – ABP
 * Deus – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 1:1, see also Heaven in Judaism
 * – MT 4QGen$g$ SP
 * τὸν οὐρανὸν – LXX ABP
 * caelum – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 1:2, see also
 * – MT (4QGen$b$) SP
 * ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος – LXX ABP
 * Terra autem erat inanis et vacua – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 1:7
 * – MT (4QGen$b$) 4QGen$g$ SP Damascus Pent. Codex
 * καὶ διεχώρισεν ὁ θεὸς – LXX ABP
 * divisitque – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 1:7
 * – MT 4QGen$b$ 4QGen$g$ SP Damascus Pent. Codex
 * Et factum est ita. – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$
 * omitted – LXX ABP

Genesis 1:9
 * – MT 4QGen$b$ Damascus Pent. Codex SP. The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from.
 * – 4QGen.$h$ A is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.
 * συναγωγην – LXX ABP. The English word "synagogue" is derived from συναγωγή.
 * locum – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$ The English word "location" is derived from locus.

Genesis 1:9
 * και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα – LXX ABP. Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.
 * omitted – 4QGen$bg$ MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2
Genesis 2:4, see also toledot
 * – MT
 * – SP Kennicott$6 18 75 80 89 108 155 227 244 282$
 * Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως – LXX$Swete$ ABP
 * Istae sunt generationes – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:4
 * – MT SP
 * εποίησε ο θεός – LXX ABP
 * ἐποίησεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς – LXX$Swete$
 * quo fecit Dominus Deus – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:4
 * – MT
 * – SP
 * τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν – LXX LXX$Swete$ ABP
 * caelum et terram – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:5
 * – MT SP
 * ὁ θεὸς – LXX LXX$Swete$
 * κύριος ο θεός – ABP
 * Dominus Deus – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7
 * – MT SP.
 * There is a word play between ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and.
 * καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς· – LXX$Swete$
 * καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς – ABP
 * Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:8
 * – MT SP
 * ὁ θεὸς – ABP
 * κύριος ο θεός – LXX
 * Κύριος ὁ θεὸς – LXX$Swete$
 * Dominus Deus – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden
 * παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς – LXX$Swete$
 * παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεν κατὰ ἀνατολάς – ABP
 * paradisum voluptatis a principio – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$
 * paradisum voluptatis a principio – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 2:9
 * – MT SP
 * ὁ θεὸς – LXX LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Dominus Deus – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 2:9
 * omitted – MT
 * – SP

Genesis 2:13
 * – MT
 * τὴν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας. – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * terram AEthiopiae. – Vg$Swete$
 * See also Cush (Bible), Rivers of Paradise, and Gihon.

Genesis 2:16, see also Adam
 * – WLC
 * τῷ Ἀδὰμ – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * ei – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 2:18

Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil
 * – WLC
 * φάγησθε – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * φάγητε – ABP
 * comederis – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 2:18, see also Adam
 * – WLC
 * τὸν ἄνθρωπον – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * hominem – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 2:16

Genesis 2:18, see also Eve
 * – WLC
 * ποιήσωμεν – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * faciamus – Vg$Rahlfs$

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
 * – WLC
 * αὕτη κληθήσεται γυνή – LXX$Swete$ ABP
 * αὕτη κληθήσεται Γυνή – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * haec vocabitur Virago – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
 * αὐτῆς ἐλήμφθη αὕτη – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Swete$ (Koine Greek spelling)
 * αυτής ελήφθη – ABP (classical Greek spelling)

Genesis 2:24, see also Eve
 * – WLC
 * τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα – ABP
 * patrem suum, et matrem, – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$

Genesis 2:25
 * scilicet – Vg$Swete$
 * omitted – WLC LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Swete$ ABP

Genesis 3
Genesis 3:20, see also Eve
 * – WLC
 * Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Ζωή – LXX$Rahlfs$
 * Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αυτού Ζωή – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva: – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 4:1

Genesis 4
Genesis 4:1, see also Eve, and Cain and Abel
 * – WLC
 * Ἀδὰμ δὲ ἔγνω Εὕαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ – LXX$Rahlfs$
 * Αδαμ δὲ ἔγνω Ευαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Adam vero cognovit uxorem suam Hevam, – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 3:20

Genesis 4:1
 * – WLC
 * τοῦ θεοῦ. – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Deum. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:9
 * – WLC
 * ὁ θεὸς – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * κύριος ὁ θεὸς – ABP
 * Dominus – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:10
 * ὁ θεὸς – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * κύριος – ABP
 * omitted – WLC Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain
 * – WLC
 * στένων καὶ τρέμων – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * vagus et profugus – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 4:14

Genesis 4:13, see also Curse and mark of Cain
 * – WLC
 * καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με. – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:14, see also Curse and mark of Cain
 * – WLC
 * στένων καὶ τρέμων – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * vagus et profugus – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 4:12

Genesis 4:15
 * – WLC
 * κύριος ὁ θεός – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Dominus – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:15, see also Curse and mark of Cain
 * – WLC
 * ἑπτὰ ἐκδικούμενα παραλύσει – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * The English verb "to paralyse" derives from the Greek verb παραλύω ("to loosen from the side, relax, enfeeble, weaken, disable, paralyse").
 * septuplum punietur – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:16
 * – WLC
 * τοῦ θεοῦ – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Domini – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod
 * – WLC
 * H6925 qidmah can mean both "east" and "over against" or "in front of".
 * ἐν γῇ Ναὶδ κατέναντι Ἔδεμ. – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * εν γη Ναϊδ κατέναντι Εδέν – ABP
 * in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 4:18, see also Enoch (son of Cain), and Generations of Adam
 * – WLC
 * Ἑνὼχ Γαιδάδ...Μαιήλ...Μαθουσαλά...Λάμεχ – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Henoch...Irad...Maviael...Mathusael...Lamech – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 5:6–26

Genesis 4:20
 * – WLC
 * κτηνοτρόφων – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * atque pastorum. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 5
Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam and Toledot
 * – WLC
 * Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων. – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Hic est liber generationis Adam. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 5:2
 * – WLC
 * ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Ἀδάμ, – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * creavit Deus hominem, – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 5:6–26, see also Generations of Adam
 * – WLC
 * Ενώς...Καϊναν...Μαλελεήλ...Ιάρεδ...Ενώχ/Ἑνώχ...Μαθουσάλα...Λάμεχ – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Enos...Cainan...Malaleel...Jared...Henoch...Mathusalam...Lamech – Vg$Swete$
 * Compare Genesis 4:18

Genesis 6
Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
 * – WLC
 * καὶ ἐνεθυμήθη ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
 * – WLC
 * καὶ διενοήθη. – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus, – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 6:7, see also Genesis flood narrative
 * – WLC
 * καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός Ἀπαλείψω τὸν ἄνθρωπον – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Delebo, inquit, hominem, – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark
 * – WLC
 * ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων· – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis; – Vg$Swete$
 * In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 gopher is a hapax legomenon.

Genesis 9
Genesis 9:20, see also Curse of Ham
 * – WLC
 * ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς – LXX$Rahlfs$ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ ABP
 * vir agricola exercere terram – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 15
Genesis 15:17
 * – WLC
 * φλὸξ ἐγένετο· καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίβανος καπνιζόμενος καὶ λαμπάδες πυρός, LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34
Genesis 34:2
 * – WLC
 * Ἐμμὼρ ὁ Χορραῖος – A LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * Εμμώρ ο Ευαίος – Brenton ABP
 * Hemor Hevaei – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:2, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
 * – WLC
 * καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὴν ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾽ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν. LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:3, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
 * – WLC
 * καὶ προσέσχεν τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ, καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον, καὶ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας/Δίνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον καὶ ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ Brenton ABP
 * Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:3 (twice)
 * [H5288] – MT
 * [H5291] – SP
 * παρθένον/παρθένου – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * omitted – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:3
 * [H5921] – MT
 * [H413] – SP
 * κατὰ – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * omitted – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
 * – WLC
 * καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται. LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * rem illicitam perpetrasset. – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:9, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
 * – WLC
 * λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν. – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * accipite, – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:11
 * – WLC
 * ἡμῖν δώσομεν. – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * δώσομεν. – Brenton ABP
 * dabo – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:14
 * – WLC
 * καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας υἱοὶ δὲ Λείας – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$
 * καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας/Δίνας – Brenton ABP
 * omitted – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 34:14, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
 * – WLC
 * ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν· – LXX$Colunga&Turrado$ Brenton ABP
 * homini incircumciso – Vg$Swete$

Genesis 49
Genesis 49:4
 * ) – WLC
 * ἀνέβης γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν κοίτην τοῦ πατρός σου· – LXX$Clement$
 * ανέβης γαρ επί την κοίτην του πατρός σου – ABP
 * quia ascendisti cubile patris tui – Vg$Colunga&Turrado$ Vg⇭⇭⇭
 * Compare Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13. See also Bilhah and Reuben (son of Jacob).