That Is All (song)

"That Is All" is a song by English musician George Harrison released as the final track of his 1973 album Living in the Material World. A slow, heavily orchestrated ballad, it is one of many Harrison love songs that appear to be directed at either a woman or a deity. Harrison wrote and recorded the song during the height of his public devotion to Hinduism; on release, Rolling Stone described its lyrics as "a sort of Hindu In Paradisium".

Recording for "That Is All" took place in London in late 1972, following Harrison's completion of the international aid project begun the previous year with the Concert for Bangladesh. The other musicians on the track include keyboard players Gary Wright, whose fledgling solo career Harrison actively supported during the early 1970s, and Nicky Hopkins. The song's orchestral and choral arrangements were provided by John Barham, who had also worked on Harrison's album All Things Must Pass and Wright's Footprint. "That Is All" has been covered by singers Andy Williams and Harry Nilsson.

Background
As with all the songs on his 1973 album Living in the Material World except for "Try Some, Buy Some", George Harrison wrote "That Is All" over 1971–72, a period marked by both his heightened devotion to Hindu spirituality and his commitment to providing humanitarian aid for the refugees of the Bangladesh Liberation War. With his own career taking second place to the latter endeavour, following the Concert for Bangladesh in August 1971, Harrison's musical activities included helping American musician Gary Wright establish himself as a solo artist. Wright's album Footprint was released in November that year and included "Love to Survive", a song that author Simon Leng cites as having been an influence on Harrison's composition "That Is All". "Love to Survive" was orchestrated by Harrison's All Things Must Pass arranger, John Barham, who says that "musically there was a strong rapport" between himself, Harrison and Wright at this time. The friendship was also based on a shared interest in Eastern spirituality, after Harrison had given Wright a copy of Autobiography of a Yogi, a text that Ravi Shankar had introduced to Harrison when he visited India in 1966.

In his autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Harrison comments only briefly on "That Is All", saying: "The melody came to me and I then had to think of lyrics. That's all." Commentators have remarked on how, like many other Harrison compositions – "Long, Long, Long", "Something", "What Is Life", "Don't Let Me Wait Too Long", "Learning How to Love You" and "Your Love Is Forever" among them – it serves as both a conventional love song to a woman and a declaration of devotion to God. Harrison said in a 1976 interview: "I think all love is part of a universal love. When you love a woman, it's the God in her that you see."

Composition
The song is in the musical key of A. Leng identifies the composition as a development of Harrison's favoured "Something" ballad style. He writes that a number of "characteristic" Harrison musical devices are found in "That Is All" – such as a melody that rises by a half step with each line, and an A minor chord sharpened to an augmented triad "to create drama".

Author Ian Inglis describes the song's melody as "romantic". Referring to its status as the last track on Living in the Material World, he also comments on the appropriateness of Harrison's opening words: "That is all I want to say". Inglis writes that Harrison goes on to state both "[what] he wants to do for his lover" and "what he hopes for in return", in the respective lines "To try to love you more" and "A smile when I feel blue".

Leng considers that the song's middle eight echoes the same "tongue-tied difficulty" that Harrison had first introduced in his 1966 composition "I Want to Tell You":

"Times I find it hard to say With useless words getting in my way Silence often says much more Than trying to say what's been said before ..."

According to Leng, the change here from a regular 4/4 time signature to 3/8 provides a "stuttering, hesitant syntax" that supports the message behind the words.

Theologian Dale Allison views the concept of "words falling short" in these lyrics as central to "That Is All" and a recurring theme in Harrison's songwriting. Allison also notes the importance of silence in this and other Harrison song lyrics, where it becomes "not an enemy to be shunned but ... a friend to be embraced, for silence can help conduct us to the Divine". On release, part of the middle eight's lyrics, together with those for the final verse, were identified by music critic Stephen Holden as "a sort of Hindu In Paradisium". While he considers "That Is All" to be a secular, "adult-oriented" love song, Inglis writes of Harrison's message in the middle eight: "language is insufficient to express the depth of his emotion; 'silence' can be more effective, more intimate, more loving."

Recording
The recording sessions for Living in the Material World began in October 1972 after Harrison had spent part of the summer staying with Wright in Portugal. Although Harrison had intended to co-produce the album with Phil Spector as before, he decided to work without him, partly as a result of Spector's erratic behaviour at the start of the sessions. In his 2014 autobiography, Wright says that Spector's dismissal was "the right move"; he describes Material World as his favourite Harrison album and "a beautiful masterpiece showing more of him – without Phil Spector's production". Aside from Harrison, and Wright on keyboards, the musicians on "That Is All" were Nicky Hopkins (on piano), Klaus Voormann (bass) and Jim Keltner (drums).

As with "Who Can See It", another of the album's ballads, Harrison recorded "That Is All" using a Leslie rotary effect on his electric guitar. Having long admired Spector as a producer, he employed elements of his signature production style throughout Material World, but with a degree of subtlety in comparison to the big sound synonymous with All Things Must Pass. As on the latter album, Harrison overdubbed further instrumentation onto the basic tracks recorded in October and November 1972; in the case of "That Is All", the released recording includes a slide guitar solo, and a harpsichord part played by Wright. The song also features string and brass orchestration and a choir, all of which were arranged by John Barham.

Work on the album extended through February 1973. The London sessions for Barham's contributions marked the last time that Harrison worked with him during the 1970s. Their collaborations had taken in Harrison's Wonderwall Music, All Things Must Pass and Living in the Material World, as well as Apple projects for Billy Preston, Jackie Lomax and Radha Krishna Temple (London).

Release and reception
Apple Records issued Living in the Material World at the end of May 1973, or late June in Britain. "That Is All" was sequenced to follow "The Day the World Gets 'Round", a song that reflected Harrison's idealism after the Concert for Bangladesh, as well as his frustration at the apathy of governments who had chosen not to intervene on the refugees' behalf. As with eight other tracks on the album and the 1973 B-side "Miss O'Dell", Harrison donated his publishing royalties and the copyright for "That Is All" to his Material World Charitable Foundation.

Writing in Melody Maker, Michael Watts described Living in the Material World as "Harrison's personal statement" documenting his journey towards "a spiritual goal which for the first time he has been able to define". Watts continued: "now he stands as something more than an entertainer. Now he's being honest. When you've been through all the bullshit and come out the other side, that's the only thing you can be." In his review for Rolling Stone, Stephen Holden praised the album's "inspirationally, opulently, romantic" qualities, and he wrote of "That Is All" and "The Day the World Gets 'Round" as "two devotional prayers whose solemn mantra-influenced melodies are barely able to sustain their lush orchestration. Yet they do, so that at the end we are left suspended in ethereality ..." Holden added that "a close listening from start to finish is roughly equivalent to participating in a mass spectacle of religious re-dedication – one that does not end with rousing anthems but in heavenly choirs." Some reviewers objected to the preponderance of ballads on the album, however, as well as the overt religiosity of many of its songs.

In his book The Beatles Solo on Apple Records, Bruce Spizer describes "That Is All" as "a beautiful love song written either for a woman or the Lord". Writing for Rough Guides, author and critic Chris Ingham similarly considers that "the 'love' [Harrison is] so desperate to express" in the song "seems directed as much to an earthly relationship as to any God", and he cites this as an example of the "restraint and, in places, considerable grace and beauty" adopted by Harrison on the album. Among other Beatles biographers, Robert Rodriguez writes that the track "sums up the journey" in the same way as "Hear Me Lord" successfully concludes the song cycle on All Things Must Pass, a view shared by Elliot Huntley, who admires "That Is All" as a "lush orchestral prayer where George really does prostrate himself at His feet". Reviewing the 2014 Apple Years reissue of Material World, Joe Marchese of The Second Disc highlights "That Is All" among songs that combine to provide the album's "earnest and intensely personal, yet wholly accessible, statement".

Cover versions
Given the song's mood and sentiment, authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter consider "That Is All" to have been suitable for inclusion on a Frank Sinatra album. While Sinatra did not record it, the song was covered by singer Andy Williams, who had been one of the many easy listening artists, along with Sinatra, to cover Harrison's "Something". Featuring contributions from Hopkins, Voormann and Keltner, Williams' version of "That Is All" appeared on his 1973 album Solitaire. The recording was produced by Richard Perry, with whom Harrison worked on Ringo Starr's album Ringo in Los Angeles shortly after completing Living in the Material World.

Harry Nilsson, another associate of Harrison's, recorded "That Is All" for his 1976 album ...That's the Way It Is. The song appears twice there, as the opening track and as a reprise to close the album. Author and critic Alyn Shipton comments that Nilsson's performance on "That Is All" marked a rare return to the upper-register singing style of his early career. Shipton describes Nilsson's break into falsetto as being "as good as anything he ever recorded".

Personnel

 * George Harrison – lead vocals, electric guitar, slide guitar, backing vocals
 * Nicky Hopkins – piano
 * Gary Wright – electric piano, harpsichord, organ
 * Klaus Voormann – bass guitar
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * John Barham – string arrangements, brass arrangements, choral arrangement