Thomas Collingwood (Jacobite)

Thomas Collingwood (1715-1781) was one of the few Northumbrians who gave active support to the Roman Catholic Charles Stuart (“Bonny Prince Charlie”) in the 1745 rising against King George II of Great Britain. Although arrested and charged with treason, Collingwood avoided punishment, because at trial he was acquitted on a technicality.

Role in 1745 rising
Unlike its counterpart in 1715, the 1745 Jacobite rising was not actively supported by many Northumbrians. Most of those with Jacobite sympathies were fearfully aware of the penalties exacted upon those who had been found guilty of treason thirty years earlier, and so played safe by pleading loyalty to the crown or moving out of the area. However, a few Northumbrians went to fight with Charles Stuart in Scotland, while others operated a communications network in Northumberland, in which the Catholic landowner Allan Hodgson was an important figure.

Thomas Collingwood, also a Catholic, was part of that network. On 22 November 1745, three months after the rising began, he was arrested carrying a message to a rebel in Carlisle, as reported in the local newspaper, the Newcastle Courant:"“On Saturday last was brought hither Thomas Collingwood, who was taken on the 22d inst. by one of the Cumberland Light Horse, at the Swan in Thirlwell gate, about 12 Miles off Carlisle. He had about him £114 and a letter to one of the Rebels from A____n H_____n, Esq., of Tone near Hexham, in which was a List of those who subscribed towards the above Sum.”"Collingwood was put in Morpeth jail, but soon escaped from custody, so that the same edition of the Newcastle Courant also carried notice of a reward for his capture: “Northumberland - Whereas Thomas Collingwood, son of  _____ Collingwood, of Thrunton, in this county, was committed on Wednesday last to the gaol, in and for this county, at Morpeth, for high treason, and made his escape from thence, in the night between the 27th and 28th of this instant, November; These are therefore to give notice, that if any person or persons shall apprehend the same Thomas Collingwood, and deliver him to the keeper of the said gaol, such person or persons shall have paid to him or them, by the treasurer of this county, a reward of £50.

N.B. The said Thomas Collingwood is a person of middle stature, about twenty-five years of age, has a round face, and a short nose, and wore, when he escaped, a light-coloured wigg, a dark-coloured coat, and a silk handkerchief about his neck.” Collingwood was eventually recaptured, and was sent to Carlisle for trial, accused of rebellion. Bills of indictment were presented against him and a number of other prisoners at the assizes on 30 August 1746. However, at trial the prosecution failed to present its case properly and so Collingwood was acquitted without his precise role in the rising ever being formally established. It is not clear that he ever actually took up arms: he probably did no more than deliver messages.

Later notoriety
In the late 19th century, two historians sympathetic to the Jacobite cause drew attention to Collingwood's contribution. The first, D.D. Dixon, a Northumbrian writing about his home area, recounted the deeds of many members of the Collingwood family, and noted that the Catholic, George Collingwood of Eslington, had been executed for his participation in the 1715 rising. Dixon then quoted the reward notice transcribed above, as evidence that in 1745 "the Jacobite spirit still burned within the hearts of the Collingwoods." The second author, R.J. Charleton, wrote Netherdyke, one of the few historical novels devoted to the second Jacobite rising. Its characters are mostly fictional, but "young Thomas Collingwood of Thrunton" makes a brief appearance among conspirators who are planning a race meeting, intended as a cover for a Jacobite rally. This novel portrays in some detail the part played by Northumbrians in the 1745 rising, carrying information between Bonnie Prince Charlie in Scotland and rebels in England.

In the present day, the Northumbrian Jacobite Society has documented the 19th-century revival of interest in the Jacobite movement and aims to keep that interest alive. In its account "Northumbrians in the '45", Thomas Collingwood is the first of only two named individuals who were active in the rising.