Thomas Henry Kavanagh

Thomas Henry Kavanagh VC (15 July 1821 – 13 November 1882) was an member of the Bengal Civil Service and Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry which can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

He is one of only five civilians to have ever been awarded the VC.

Indian Mutiny
Kavanagh was a 36-year-old civilian in the Bengal Civil Service, an assistant commissioner in Oudh during the Indian Mutiny, when the following deed took place on 9 November 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow, India for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross: "Mr. Thomas Henry Kavanagh, Assistant Commissioner in Oude

On 8 November 1857. Mr. Kavanagh, then serving under the orders of Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, in Lucknow, volunteered on the dangerous duty of proceeding through the City to the Camp of the Commander-in-Chief, for the purpose of guiding the relieving Force to the beleaguered Garrison in the Residency, a task which he performed with chivalrous gallantry and devotion."

An erratum appeared in a later edition of the London Gazette stating that the deed was actually performed on 9 November as follows: "The Act of Bravery for which Mr Thomas Henry Kavanagh has been awarded the Victoria Cross, was performed on 9 November 1857, instead of 8 November, as stated in the London Gazette of 8 July 1859."He was nicknamed by the British press as Lucknow Kavanagh.

Later life
In addition to the Victoria Cross, Kavanagh was promoted to be an assistant commissioner in Oudh, and helped in the suppression of scattered mutineers.

Kavanagh died in Gibraltar on 13 November 1882, and is buried at North Front Cemetery, Gibraltar. He was one of only five civilians ever to be awarded the VC.

His medal (and a first edition of his book, How I Won The Victoria Cross) was held for more than 50 years by HistoricalMilitaria.com in Toronto, Canada.

The VC was sold at auction at Noonans Mayfair on 14 September 2022 for a record hammer price of £750,000.

In fiction
Kavanagh appears in George MacDonald Fraser's Flashman in the Great Game in which he is portrayed as a bungling glory-seeker who has to be led through the enemy lines by a reluctant and terrified Flashman.