Timeline of Cairo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.

Prior to 19th century

 * 1st C. BCE – Babylon Fortress built (approximate date).
 * 33 CE – Origins of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
 * 4th–5th C. CE – Saints Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga) built.
 * 6th C. – Church of Saint Menas established.
 * 642 – Mosque of Amr ibn al-As built.
 * 873 – Ahmad ibn Tulun founds El-Katai.
 * 879
 * Mosque of Ibn Tulun built.
 * Church of St. George built (approximate date).
 * Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila) built (approximate date).
 * 970
 * Misr al-Qahira settlement founded by Fatimid Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah.
 * Al-Azhar University established.
 * 972 – Al-Azhar Mosque established.
 * 978 –The Hanging Church rebuilt (approximate date).
 * 979 – Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo rebuilt (approximate date).
 * 992 – Al-Hakim Mosque built.
 * 11th C. – Church of the Holy Virgin (Babylon El-Darag) built.
 * 1016 – Lulua Mosque built.
 * 1073 – Saint Barbara Church in Coptic Cairo restored.
 * 1085 – Juyushi Mosque built.
 * 1092 – City wall and Gates of Cairo built (including Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Nasr).
 * 1125 – Aqmar Mosque built.
 * 1154 – Al-Hussein Mosque built.
 * 1160 – Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque built.
 * 1168 – Egypt's capital moved from Fustat to Cairo.
 * 1176 – Cairo was unsuccessfully attacked in the Crusades.
 * 1183 – Saladin Citadel built.
 * ca.1205 – Harat el-Yahoud Synagogue rebuilt and Maimonides works there; it is rebuilt in the 19th century as the Maimonides Synagogue
 * 1250 – City becomes capital of Mamluk Sultanate.
 * 1280 – Qalawun complex built (approximate date).
 * 1318 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque built.
 * 1340 – Mosque of Amir al-Maridani established.
 * 1347 – Aqsunqur Mosque built.
 * 1349 – Mosque of Shaykhu built.
 * 1352 – Amir Taz Palace built.
 * 1355 – Khanqah of Shaykhu built.
 * 1359 – Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan built.
 * 1421 – Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad built.
 * 1517
 * January: Battle of Ridaniya occurs near Cairo.
 * Capture of Cairo by Ottoman forces.
 * City becomes provincial capital during Selim I's rule of Ottoman Empire.
 * 1774 – Mosque of Abu Dahab built.
 * 1788 – Al Musafir Khana Palace built.
 * 1798 – Napoleon arrives.
 * 1800 – Population: 200,000 (approximate figure).

19th century
(pp. 66–67) by Jean Vercoutter.]]
 * 1801 – June: Siege of Cairo – French surrender to British and Ottoman forces.
 * 1811 – March: Massacre of the Citadel.
 * 1822 – Arabic printing press in operation.
 * 1827 – Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School established.
 * 1828
 * Government al-Waqa'i' al-Masriyya newspaper begins publication.
 * Dar al-Mahfuzat (government archive) established.
 * 1848 – Mosque of Muhammad Ali built.
 * 1854 – Khorenian School begins.
 * 1856 – Railway station built.
 * 1863 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities founded at Bulak.
 * 1860 – Shepheard's Hotel in operation.
 * 1869 – Khedivial Opera House opens.
 * 1870 – Egyptian National Library and Archives established.
 * 1871– 24 December: Premiere of Verdi's Aida.
 * 1874 – Abdeen Palace built.
 * 1875 – Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.
 * 1877 – Traffic in slaves ceased.
 * 1879 – Collège de la Sainte Famille founded
 * 1880 – Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe established.
 * 1882
 * British occupation.
 * Khedivial Sporting Club founded.
 * Population: 347,838.
 * 1888 – Collège des Frères (Bab al-Louq) opens.
 * 1892 – Ben Ezra Synagogue built.
 * 1893 – Le Progrès Egyptien newspaper begins publication.
 * 1897
 * El Khalig canal filled in.
 * Population: 570,062.
 * 1899
 * Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue built
 * Al-Ahram newspaper headquartered in Cairo.
 * 1900 – Ets Hayim Synagogue (Hanan Synagogue) established

1900s–1940s

 * 1902 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities moved again.
 * 1905 – Chaar Hachamaim Synagogue established
 * 1906 – Pathé cinema built.
 * 1907
 * Al Ahly Sporting Club formed.
 * Population: 654,476.
 * 1908
 * Cairo University and Café Riche opened.
 * and American College for Girls founded.
 * 1910
 * Coptic Museum built.
 * Heliopolis Palace Hotel opened.
 * Heliopolis Sporting Club founded.
 * 1905 – Shimon Bar Yochai Synagogue established
 * 1911
 * Zamalek Sporting Club formed.
 * Baron Empain Palace built.
 * 1912
 * Boulak Bridge and Al-Rifa'i Mosque built.
 * 1915
 * Arev and Housaper newspapers begin publication.
 * 1919
 * Uprising against British occupation.
 * American University in Cairo established.
 * 1921 – Cairo Conference held.
 * 1922
 * Tutankhamun's tomb discovered.
 * 1924
 * 19 November: British governor-general Stack of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan assassinated.
 * "Cairo Edition" of Quran Published
 * 1925 – Pahad Itzhak (Kreim) Synagogue established
 * 1929 – Manial Palace built.
 * 1932
 * Society Of The Muslim Brothers headquartered in Cairo.
 * Moussa Dar'i Synagogue established
 * 1933 – Qasr al-Nil Bridge built.
 * 1934 – St. George's College, Cairo established.
 * 1934 – Meir'enaim (Biton) Synagogue established
 * 1937
 * Yacoubian Building constructed.
 * Lycée La Liberté Héliopolis opens
 * 1938 – Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moves from Alexandria to Cairo.
 * 1940 – Metro Cinema opens.
 * 1942 – Abdeen Palace Incident.
 * 1944 – Cairo Forces Parliament meeting.
 * The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo and the Pan-Arabian Arab Feminist Union is founded.
 * 1945
 * Arab League headquartered in Cairo.
 * Ashkènazim Synagogue restored
 * 1946 – Ali Baba Cinema opens.
 * 1947 – Population: 2,090,654.
 * 1948
 * Tchahagir newspaper begins publication.
 * Rivoli Cinema opens.
 * 1949 – 12 February: Muslim leader Hassan al-Banna assassinated.

1950s–1990s

 * 1950 – Ain Shams University founded.
 * 1952
 * Cairo Fire.
 * The Mogamma built.
 * Ismailia Square renamed Tahrir Square.
 * Egyptian Revolution of 1952
 * Al Akhbar starts publication.
 * 1954 – Al Gomhuria newspaper begins publication.
 * 1956
 * Cairo International Stadium opens.
 * City master plan created.
 * 1959
 * Cairo Conservatoire opens.
 * Academy of Arts (Egypt) and Cairo Symphony Orchestra founded.
 * Arab Petroleum Congress meets in Cairo.
 * 1961 – Cairo Tower built.
 * 1963 – Cairo International Airport opens.
 * 1964 – January: 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo) held.
 * 1965 – Population: 3.3 million.
 * 1966 – Cairo Opera Ballet Company founded.
 * 1967 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue restored.
 * 1968 – Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral built.
 * 1969 – Cairo International Book Fair founded.
 * 1970
 * January: Israeli forces conduct aerial attacks near Cairo.
 * September: 1970 Arab League summit held.
 * Greater Cairo Master Plan created.
 * 1972 – January: Student demonstration.
 * 1974 – Population: 5,715,000.
 * 1975
 * January: Economic demonstration.
 * Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt) inaugurated.
 * 1976
 * 1976 Arab League summit (Cairo).
 * Cairo International Film Festival begins.
 * British International School in Cairo established.
 * Manor House School, Cairo opens.
 * 1977 – January: Economic demonstration.
 * 1978 – New Cairo British International School formed.
 * 1979
 * Egypt Today magazine begins publication.
 * Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt established.
 * Sister city relationships established with Frankfurt and Stuttgart, Germany.
 * 1981
 * 6 October: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.
 * Sadat Academy for Management Sciences opens.
 * 1982
 * Saint Fatima School begins.
 * Sister city relationship established with New York City, United States.
 * 1984
 * Master Plan for Greater Cairo approved.
 * Arab Democratic Nasserist Party founded.
 * 1985
 * Child Museum opens.
 * Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.
 * 1986 – February: 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot occurs.
 * 1987 – Cairo Metro Line 1 begins operating.
 * 1988
 * Cairo Opera House opens.
 * Sister city relationship established with Istanbul, Turkey.
 * 1989
 * al-Hirafiyeen neighborhood built.
 * Sister city relationship established with Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
 * 1990
 * The American International School in Egypt opens.
 * Sister city relationship established with Beijing, China and Tokyo, Japan.
 * 1991 – Al-Ahram Weekly begins publication.
 * 1992
 * Earthquake.
 * Population: 6,800,000 (estimate).
 * 1993
 * Asyut–Cairo highway constructed.
 * Sister city relationship established with Barcelona, Spain.
 * 1995 – Dreamland development begins near city.
 * 1996
 * 6th October Bridge built.
 * Cairo Metro Line 2 (Shoubra AlKheiman- AlMounieb) opened.
 * 1997
 * Aldiwan Arabic Language Center opens.
 * Sister city relationship established with Xi'an, China and Seoul, South Korea.
 * 1998 – Sister city relationships established with Houston, United States and Minsk, Belarus.

2000s

 * 2001
 * Misr American College established.
 * Cairo 52 arrested.
 * 2003 – El Sawy culturewheel built.
 * 2004
 * Al-masry Al-youm newspaper begins publication.
 * Canadian International College established.
 * Abdul Azim Wazir becomes governor of Cairo (approximate date).
 * 2005
 * April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
 * British University in Egypt established.
 * Al-Azhar Park built.
 * El Fagr newspaper begins publication.
 * 2006
 * City government website online (approximate date).
 * Al-Resalah television begins broadcasting.
 * 2007
 * City hosts 11th Pan Arab Games.
 * 57357 Hospital established.
 * 2008 – Youm 7 newspaper starts publication.
 * 2009
 * 2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing
 * Cairo Jazz Festival begins.

2010s

 * 2010 – Population: 7,248,671.
 * 2011
 * 25 January: Uprising against Mubarak regime begins.
 * April: Abdel Qawi Khalifa becomes governor of Cairo.
 * 2012
 * Cairo Metro Line 3 (Imbaba / Mohandiseen – Cairo Int'l Airport) opened.
 * Pope Shenouda III, head of Egyptian Coptic church, died.
 * Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.
 * 2013
 * Anti-Morsi protests.
 * February: The first Iranian president, Ahmadinejad, to visit Egypt since 1979.
 * April: Violence against Coptic after funeral.
 * 3 July: 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
 * 8 July: "Egyptian soldiers fire on Morsi supporters protesting outside a military facility in Cairo, killing over 50."
 * 14 August: "More than 600 people, mostly Morsi supporters, are killed when police clear two pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo."
 * Air pollution in greater Cairo reaches annual mean of 76 PM2.5 and 179 PM10, much higher than recommended.
 * 2017 – Population: 9,539,673 (urban agglomeration).

2020s

 * 2021 – 2021 Cairo clothing factory fire