Timeline of Hamburg

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hamburg, Germany.

Prior to 16th century

 * 831 – Bishopric established.
 * 845 – Town sacked by Norsemen.
 * 1189
 * Adolf III of Holstein gets charter from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I that gives Hamburg a court, jurisdiction, and fishing rights.
 * St. Peter's Church built (approximate date).
 * 1190 – Alster dam installed.
 * 1201 – Hamburg occupied by forces of Valdemar II of Denmark.
 * 1223 – Archbishopric relocated from Hamburg to Bremen.
 * 1241 – Lübeck-Hamburg alliance established.
 * 1248 – Fire.
 * 1256 – St. Catherine's Church active (approximate date).
 * 1284 – 5 August: Fire.
 * 1286 – 24 April: acquires rights to maintain permanent fire on Neuwerk.
 * 1299 – 1 November: allowed to build a fortified tower, the new work (Neuwerk).
 * 1310 – completion of the Great Tower Neuwerk.
 * 1329 – St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.
 * 1350 – Black Death.
 * 1356 – (feast) begins.
 * 1375 – Grocers' Guild formed.
 * 1390 – Public clock installed (approximate date).
 * 1410 – Constitution of Hamburg established.
 * 1412 –.
 * 1418 – St. Peter's Church rebuilt (approximate date).
 * 1479 – (public library) established in the Town Hall.
 * 1491 – Printing press in operation.
 * 1500 – City expands its borders.

16th–18th centuries

 * 1510 – Hamburg becomes an imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.
 * 1529
 * Protestant Reformation.
 * Council of citizens established.
 * Johanneum (college) founded.
 * 1536 – Hamburg joins Schmalkaldic League.
 * 1558 – Hamburg Stock Exchange established.
 * 1567 – Trade with the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London established.
 * 1590 – Berenberg Bank founded.
 * 1615 – City walls extended around Hamburg-Neustadt.
 * 1619 – founded.
 * 1630 – Bremen–Lübeck–Hamburg defensive alliance formed.
 * 1654 – in use.
 * 1663 – Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen magazine begins publication.
 * 1665 – Hamburg Chamber of Commerce founded.
 * 1669
 * St. Michael's Church built.
 * (ship) launched.
 * 1678 – Oper am Gänsemarkt (opera house) opens; premiere of Theile's opera Adam und Eva.
 * 1679 – Coffee house in business.
 * 1705 – Premiere of Handel's opera Almira.
 * 1710 – established.
 * 1712 – Plague.
 * 1735 – (business library) founded.
 * 1762
 * City occupied by Danish forces.
 * St. Michael's Church built.
 * 1765
 * (arts society) and Patriotic Club founded.
 * Komödienhaus (theatre) built.
 * 1767 – Hamburgische Entreprise (theatre) established.
 * 1778 – Hamburger Ersparungskasse (bank) established.
 * 1787 – City directory published.
 * 1789 – Clubbs der Freundschaft founded.
 * 1790 – United States consulate established.
 * 1792 – formed.
 * 1799 – H. J. Merck & Co. in business.

1800s–1840s

 * 1805 – (education society) founded.
 * 1806 – 19 November: French occupation of city begins.
 * 1810 – Hoffmann und Campe publisher in business.
 * 1811
 * 9th French-Polish Uhlan Regiment founded in Hamburg.
 * City becomes capital of the French Bouches-de-l'Elbe department.
 * 1813
 * Siege of Hamburg.
 * Hamburg Women's Association established.
 * 1814 – Hamburg Citizen Militia and Hamburg Police formed.
 * 1815 – 8 June: City becomes a member state of the German Confederation.
 * 1821 – Lehmann's botanical garden established.
 * 1823
 * Hospital built in St. George.
 * Altona Observatory founded by Heinrich Christian Schumacher.
 * 1825 – February flood of 1825.
 * 1827 – City Theatre opens.
 * 1828 – Hamburg Philharmonic Society formed.
 * 1833 – Rauhes Haus founded.
 * 1834 – Johanneum building constructed.
 * 1835 – Coat of arms of Hamburg redesigned.
 * 1838 – English Church built.
 * 1839 – Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte (local history society) founded.
 * 1840
 * Gymnasium founded.
 * Population: 136,956.
 * 1841 – Circus Gymnasticus opens.
 * 1842
 * Exchange built.
 * 5–8 May: Great Fire of Hamburg.
 * 1843
 * Thalía Theatre built.
 * established.
 * 1845 – Sillem's Bazar shopping arcade built.
 * 1846 – Berliner Railway Station established.
 * 1847
 * Hamburg America Line in business.
 * Patriotic Club building constructed.
 * Pestalozzi-Stiftung Hamburg founded
 * 1848 – in business.
 * 1849
 * Hamburger Nachtrichten newspaper begins publication.
 * St. Peter's Church rebuilt again.

1850s–1890s

 * 1850 – Kunsthalle (art gallery) opens.
 * 1855 – January: Flood.
 * 1856 – North German Bank and Union Bank established.
 * 1859
 * Synagoge Kohlhöfen built.
 * Hamburg Frauenchor (women's choir) founded.
 * 1861
 * Museum Godeffroy opens.
 * Population: 178,841.
 * 1863
 * Hamburger Fremdenblatt newspaper in publication.
 * Zoological Garden of Hamburg opens.
 * Rebuilt St. Nicholas' Church dedicated.
 * 1865
 * Lübeck–Hamburg railway begins operating; Lübecker Railway Station established.
 * (bridge) built.
 * 1866
 * Horsecar tram begins operating.
 * (railway station) established.
 * 21 August: City becomes part of the North German Confederation.
 * 1867 – Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld (horse racetrack) built.
 * 1868 – St. Georg becomes part of city.
 * 1869 – Horner Rennbahn (horse racetrack) and Kunsthalle built.
 * 1871
 * City becomes part of the German Empire.
 * Population: 240,251.
 * Gesellschaft für Verbreitung von Volksbildung (education society) branch established.
 * 1872 – Venloer Railway Station established.
 * 1873
 * Photographic Society founded.
 * Frei Hafen bridge constructed.
 * 1874 – Hagenbeck's zoo opens.
 * 1877
 * Ohlsdorf Cemetery established near city.
 * Blohm + Voss shipbuilders in business near city.
 * 1878 – Museum for Art and Industry founded.
 * 1879
 * Hanseatic High Court of Appeal headquartered in Hamburg.
 * Holsten Brewery in business.
 * 1880 – Steinway & Sons piano factory in operation.
 * 1883 – Speicherstadt (warehouse district) construction begins in the Port of Hamburg.
 * 1887
 * Hamburger Echo newspaper begins publication.
 * Sport-Club Germania Hamburg founded.
 * Central post office built.
 * 1888
 * Hamburg joins German Customs Union.
 * Harbourworks and iron bridge constructed.
 * Free Port opens.
 * 1889 – 15 May: Exhibition of Trade and Industry opens.
 * 1890
 * German East Africa Line (shipping company) in business.
 * May: Gas-worker strike.
 * Population: 323,923.
 * 1891 – Natural History Museum built.
 * 1892
 * 1892 Germany cholera outbreak.
 * German Open Tennis Championships begin.
 * Hamburger Dom (funfair) relocated to Heiligengeistfeld fair ground.
 * 1894 – St. Pauli becomes part of city.
 * 1896
 * November: Dockworker strike.
 * Fischauktionshalle (Hamburg-Altona) (fish market) rebuilt.
 * 1897 – Hamburg Rathaus (city hall) built.
 * 1898 – Hamburg-Altona railway station opens.
 * 1899 – Hamburger Öffentliche Bücherhallen (library) founded.
 * 1900
 * Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases opens.
 * Shipbuilding school founded.

1900–1945

 * 1901 – Civil law courts built.
 * 1904 – American Businessmen's Club of Hamburg founded.
 * 1905 – Population: 802,793.
 * 1906
 * Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (railway station) opens.
 * Altona-Hamburg railway begins operating.
 * 1907
 * Tierpark Hagenbeck (zoo) established.
 * Stadion Hoheluft (stadium) opens.
 * 1908
 * established.
 * Music Hall inaugurated.
 * Simplo Fullfeder pen company relocates to Hamburg.
 * 1909 – Hotel Atlantic in business.
 * 1910 – Sportplatz at Rothenbaum opens.
 * 1911 – Hamburg Airport and Elbe Tunnel open.
 * 1912
 * Hamburg U-Bahn begins operating.
 * Hamburg-Bergedorf Observatory dedicated.
 * Hamburg-Mannheimer Insurance Corporation in business.
 * 1913
 * 3 April: Vaterland passenger ship launched.
 * Gewerkschaftlich-Genossenschaftliche Versicherungsaktiengesellschaft (insurance firm) in business.
 * 1914 – Hamburg Stadtpark (park) opens.
 * 1918
 * Hamburg Kammerspiele (theatre) founded.
 * Hamburger Volkszeitung newspaper begins publication.
 * 1919 – University of Hamburg and Hamburger Sport-Verein established.
 * 1921 – Consulate of Poland founded.
 * 1922 – Museum of Hamburg History opens.
 * 1923 – Labour and Socialist International founded in Hamburg.
 * 1924
 * Nordische Rundfunk radio begins broadcasting.
 * Chilehaus built.
 * 1925
 * Helms-Museum and Hamburg School of Astrology established.
 * Population: 1,079,126.
 * 1926 – Botanischer Sondergarten Wandsbek (garden) established.
 * 1930
 * Planten un Blomen (park) created.
 * Population: 1,145,124.
 * 1933
 * Nazis seize control of the city and Carl Vincent Krogmann becomes mayor.
 * Hamburger Flugzeugbau (aircraft company) in business.
 * Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp founded.
 * 1934
 * Bürgerschaft abolished.
 * Gau Hamburg established.
 * Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt begins operating.
 * 1937
 * major expansion of the land of Hamburg per the Greater Hamburg Act:
 * the cities Altona, Wandsbek, and Harburg-Wilhelmsburg join
 * and the cities Geesthacht and Cuxhaven (including Neuwerk) leave the territory of the Land Hamburg.
 * 1938 – Neuengamme concentration camp established by SS.
 * 1939 – Bombing of Hamburg in World War II begins.
 * 1940 – April: Oflag X-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers established.
 * 1943
 * May: Langer Morgen forced labour camp for men established.
 * 7 August: Main base of the 2nd SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) relocated from Bremen to Hamburg.
 * 1944
 * April: 2nd SS construction brigade relocated to Berlin.
 * 8 June: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish and Soviet women.
 * July: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
 * 1 September: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Ravensbrück reorganized into a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.
 * 12 September: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
 * 13 September: Hamburg-Neugraben and Hamburg-Sasel subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
 * 13 September: Women prisoners of the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp moved to other subcamps in Hamburg and Wedel.
 * 15 September: 2,000 male prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme.
 * 27 September: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.
 * October: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Soviet, Polish, Belgian, French and Danish men.
 * November: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established by the SS at the Spaldingstraße for men of various nationalities.
 * L'Obstinée masonic lodge established by Belgian POWs in the Oflag X-D POW camp.
 * 1945
 * 8 February: Hamburg-Neugraben subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved and Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp founded. Surviving prisoners moved from the Hamburg-Neugraben to the Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp.
 * March: 250 Romani and Sinti women deported to the Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme from the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
 * March: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.
 * 22 March: Langer Morgen forced labour camp dissolved.
 * 7 April: Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Bergen-Belsen.
 * 14 April: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.
 * 17 April: Subcamp of Neuengamme at Spaldingstraße dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.
 * 30 April: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.
 * 3 May: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp.
 * 3 May: Oflag X-D POW camp liberated by the British.
 * 4–5 May: Hamburg-Sasel subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.
 * 5 May: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.
 * Bombing of Hamburg in World War II ends.
 * Hamburg in the British occupation zone.
 * Rudolf Petersen appointed mayor by British authorities.
 * Eppendorf (company) founded.
 * Population: 1,350,278.

1946–1990s

 * 1946
 * 5 December: Hamburg Ravensbrück trials for war crimes begin at the.
 * Max Brauer becomes mayor.
 * 1948
 * Hamburger Abendblatt newspaper and Stern news magazine begin publication.
 * Population: 1,518,900.
 * 1949 – Hamburger Morgenpost newspaper begins publication.
 * 1950 – Public University of Music established.
 * 1951 – Institut français Hamburg founded.
 * 1952
 * Der Spiegel news magazine headquartered in city.
 * Bild newspaper begins publication.
 * Constitution of Hamburg ratified.
 * UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning headquartered in city.
 * 1953
 * Volksparkstadion (stadium) opens.
 * International garden show held.
 * 1955 – Hamburg State Opera building opens.
 * 1957
 * Fazle Omar Mosque built.
 * Streit's Haus Filmtheater opens.
 * British Army School and Hamburg Symphony Orchestra established.
 * 1958 – Hamburg Atlantic Line in business.
 * 1959 – Kaiserkeller night club opens.
 * 1960 – August: English rock band The Beatles begin performing in Hamburg.
 * 1961 – Population: 1,840,543.
 * 1962
 * Spiegel scandal.
 * North Sea flood of 1962.
 * 1963
 * Millerntor-Stadion (stadium) opens.
 * St. James' Church restored.
 * Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg greenhouses built.
 * 1964 - Deutsches Übersee-Institut headquartered in Hamburg.
 * 1965
 * Gruner + Jahr publisher in business.
 * Hamburg Transport Association established.
 * Imam Ali Mosque built.
 * NDR Fernsehen (television) headquartered in city.
 * 1967 – Eros Center brothel in business on the Reeperbahn.
 * 1968
 * Cherry Blossom Festival begins.
 * Alsterdorfer Sporthalle and Gruenspan music club open.
 * 1969 – waived older rights on harbour estate in Cuxhaven in favour of Neuwerk and Scharhörn to build an offshore harbour.
 * 1970
 * Hamburg University of Applied Sciences founded.
 * Population: 1,793,640.
 * 1971 – and Fabrik cultural centre founded.
 * 1973
 * Congress Center Hamburg opens.
 * University of the German Federal Armed Forces and Neumeier's Hamburg Ballet established.
 * Kattwykbrücke (bridge) built.
 * 1974
 * Köhlbrand Bridge built.
 * Hans-Ulrich Klose becomes mayor.
 * 1975 – New Elbe Tunnel opens.
 * 1976 – Die Motte youth centre founded in Ottensen.
 * 1978
 * July: City hosts the 1978 World Fencing Championships.
 * Technical University of Hamburg founded.
 * 1979
 * Botanischer Garten Hamburg (garden) opens.
 * Werkstatt 3 co-operative founded in Ottensen.
 * 1980 – Stadtteilarchiv Ottensen (archive) founded.
 * 1981
 * Protest against proposed Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant.
 * Klaus von Dohnányi becomes mayor.
 * Squat on Hafenstraße begins.
 * 1982 – Kampnagel (cultural space) established.
 * 1984
 * Chaos Communication Congress begins.
 * Hamburg Institute for Social Research founded.
 * 1985
 * Birdland jazz club opens.
 * Museum der Arbeit established.
 * 1986
 * Chaos Computer Club headquartered in city.
 * Radio Hamburg begins broadcasting.
 * Hamburg Marathon begins.
 * Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant commissioned near city.
 * 1988
 * Center for Science and International Security at the University of Hamburg founded.
 * Henning Voscherau becomes mayor.
 * Population: 1,603,070.
 * 1989
 * Deichtorhallen art centre opens.
 * founded.
 * 1990 – headquartered in city.
 * 1992 – Filmfest Hamburg begins.
 * 1994 – Film and Television Museum Hamburg and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg established.
 * 1996 – City website online (approximate date).
 * 1997 – Ortwin Runde becomes mayor.
 * 1998
 * Afghan Museum established.
 * Am Rothenbaum (sport venue) built.
 * 2000
 * Bucerius Law School established.
 * International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea headquartered in city.

21st century

 * 2001
 * Long Night of Museums begins.
 * Container Terminal Altenwerder opens.
 * Ole von Beust becomes mayor.
 * 2002
 * 4 November: Bambule eviction.
 * O2 World arena opens.
 * Bucerius Kunst Forum (art gallery) founded.
 * 2003 – Hamburg Pride founded.
 * 2004
 * Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe begins.
 * Major Records in business.
 * 2005 – eVendi Arena (for American Football) built.
 * 2006 – German Institute of Global and Area Studies established.
 * 2007
 * World Future Council and Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein Film Promotion headquartered in city.
 * 29 May: Anti-globalization protest.
 * Dockville music festival.
 * Elbphilharmonie construction begins.
 * 2008
 * HafenCity district and established.
 * Lange Nacht der Industrie (industrial public relations event) begins.
 * Museum für Kunst und Kultur an der Elbe opens in Jenisch House.
 * 2009
 * International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg begins.
 * Student protest for education reform.
 * 2010 – Christoph Ahlhaus becomes mayor.
 * 2011
 * Olaf Scholz becomes mayor.
 * European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean Foundation headquartered in city.
 * 2012 – Population: 1,813,587.
 * 2013 – December: 2013–14 Hamburg demonstrations begin.
 * 2015 – 2015 Hamburg Olympics referendum.
 * 2016 – 31 October: Elbphilharmonie concert hall is officially completed.
 * 2017
 * 7 July: G20 summit meeting held.
 * December: City hosts the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
 * 2023 – Shooting.

in English

 * published in 17th–18th centuries


 * published in 19th century


 * published in 20th century


 * published in 21st century

in German

 * v.2
 * v.2