Toivo Koljonen



(12 December 1910 – 21 October 1943) was a Finnish mass murderer and the last Finn executed for a civilian crime. He was executed by firing squad for a sextuple murder.

was born 1910 in, Finland. He had been sentenced to prison and incarcerated at Prison, from which he was moved to  auxiliary prison. He escaped from prison in 1943 and attempted to hide from the authorities.

On 17 March 1943, he found a nearby farmhouse where five family members lived – a mother, two grandparents, and two children. Two additional family members, the father and the eldest son, had been conscripted into the army and, consequently, were not present at the time. first hid in the stable, where he killed the daughter of the family with an axe (kirves in Finnish, which became his nickname). He then broke into the living quarters and killed the other four family members, as well as a woman from the neighbourhood who had been visiting. escaped, but was caught at.

According to the martial law in force during the war, was sentenced to death for the six murders. He was shot together with convicted Soviet infiltrators at quarry in, near  on 21 October 1943.

was the last Finn to be executed for a civilian crime in Finland. All subsequent executions were for military crimes. After, a handful of Finns were sentenced to death for murder. However, their sentences were commuted to life imprisonment in 1945. Capital punishment was abolished for civilian crimes in Finnish law in 1949.

remains one of the worst axe murderers in Finnish history, along with Karl Malmelin.

General references

 * Library of Congress cataloguing: http://lccn.loc.gov/00337053
 * Pohjolan poliisi kertoo (Nordic police tells), Police yearbook, 1974
 * Pohjolan poliisi kertoo (Nordic police tells), Police yearbook, 1974