Tsushima-Fuchū Domain

Tsushima Fuchū Domain (対馬府中藩), also called the Tsushima Domain, was a domain of Japan in the Edo period. It is associated with Tsushima Province on Tsushima Island in modern-day Nagasaki Prefecture. In the han system, Tsushima was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West.

History


The Sō clan was one of few daimyō clans during the Edo period which continued to control the same fiefs it controlled previously. Although it fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu at the battle of Sekigahara, the Sō clan was allowed by the shogunate to continue to rule Tsushima and entrusted it to diplomatic negotiations and trade with Joseon Korea. Its services included receptions of Korean missions to Japan. The Fuchū domain sold imports and bought exports in Osaka and Kyoto. It negotiated trade and diplomacy with the Nagasaki Commissioner in Nagasaki. It had an office (waegwan) in Busan where daily trade and diplomatic service were conducted.

The Fuchū domain was given the status of a 100,000 koku-class han although its real production was below 30,000 koku, on account of its important diplomatic status, and economic wealth as a result of trade with Korea. In the late 17th century, it prospered in Korean trade and with silver mines, but from the 18th century, it suffered from trade depression and depletion of silver ores. Its economic reforms and the shogunate's constant aid did not improve its finances. Increasing threats of Western imperial powers weighed heavily on the Fuchū domain. In 1861, a Russian naval ship occupied a port of Tsushima. What was worse for Tsushima was a growing internal conflict between pro- and anti-shogunate retainers. In 1862, it concluded an alliance with the Chōshū Domain, which was one of the prominent leaders of the Sonnō-jōi movement. But the anti-shogunate faction was purged in 1864. The loss of human resources prevented Tsushima from playing a significant role at the Meiji Restoration.

The last daimyō of Tsushima, Sō Shigemasa (Yoshiaki) became Governor of Izuhara Prefecture in 1869 and after the Abolition of the han system was given the title of Count (hakushaku) in 1884. The diplomatic service with Korea was taken over by the new Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

 * Tsushima Province
 * Kamigata-gun- 44 villages
 * Shimogata-gun- 63 villages, Izuhara-cho
 * Shimotsuke Province
 * Tsuga County - 5 villages
 * Aso counties - 6 villages
 * Chikuzen Province
 * Ito County- 14 villages
 * Buzen Province
 * Usa County - 8 villages
 * Shimomo County - 21 villages
 * Hizenkoku Province
 * Kiji-gun - 13 villages
 * Yabu County - 5 villages
 * Matsuura County - 49 villages

List of daimyōs
The hereditary daimyōs were head of the Sō clan and head of the domain.
 * {| class=wikitable

! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || kokudaka
 * colspan=6| So clan mon2.svg Sō clan, 1588 - 1871 (Tozama daimyo)
 * 1||Sō Yoshitoshi (宗義智)||1588 - 1615|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 2||Sō Yoshinari (宗義成)||1615 - 1657|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 3||Sō Yoshizane (宗義真)||1657 - 1692|| Tsushima no kami, Gyobu Daisuke (津島 の 髪、 魚部 大輔) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 4||Sō Yoshitsugu (Yoshitomo) (宗義倫)||1692 - 1694|| Tsushima no kami, Ukyo no daibu (津島 の 髪、 う居 の だいぶ) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 5||Sō Yoshimichi (宗義方)||1694 - 1718|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 6||Sō Yoshinobu (宗義誠)||1718 - 1730|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 7||Sō Michihiro (宗方熈)||1731 - 1732|| Tsushima no kami, Minbu Daisuke (津島 の 髪、 民部 大輔) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 8||Sō Yoshiaki (宗義如)||1732 - 1752|| Tsushima no kami, Gyobu Daisuke (津島 の 髪、 魚部 大輔) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 9||Sō Yoshishige (Yoshiari) (宗義蕃)||1752 - 1762|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 10||Sō Yoshinaga (宗義暢)||1762 - 1778|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 11||Sō Yoshikatsu (宗義功(兄)||1778 - 1785|| None (全然) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 12||Sō Yoshikatsu (宗義功(弟)||1785 - 1812|| Tsushima no kami, Shikibu Daisuke (対馬の髪、式部大輔) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 13||Sō Yoshikata (宗義質)||1812 - 1838|| Tsushima no kami, Sakone no shosho (対馬守、左近衛少将) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 14||Sō Yoshiaya (宗義章)||1838 - 1842|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 15||Sō Yoshiyori (宗義和)||1842 - 1862|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 16||Sō Yoshiaki (Yoshiakira), later renamed Shigemasa (宗義達)||1862 - 1871|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami  (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * }
 * 9||Sō Yoshishige (Yoshiari) (宗義蕃)||1752 - 1762|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 10||Sō Yoshinaga (宗義暢)||1762 - 1778|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 11||Sō Yoshikatsu (宗義功(兄)||1778 - 1785|| None (全然) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 12||Sō Yoshikatsu (宗義功(弟)||1785 - 1812|| Tsushima no kami, Shikibu Daisuke (対馬の髪、式部大輔) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 13||Sō Yoshikata (宗義質)||1812 - 1838|| Tsushima no kami, Sakone no shosho (対馬守、左近衛少将) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 14||Sō Yoshiaya (宗義章)||1838 - 1842|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 15||Sō Yoshiyori (宗義和)||1842 - 1862|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 16||Sō Yoshiaki (Yoshiakira), later renamed Shigemasa (宗義達)||1862 - 1871|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami  (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * }
 * 13||Sō Yoshikata (宗義質)||1812 - 1838|| Tsushima no kami, Sakone no shosho (対馬守、左近衛少将) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 14||Sō Yoshiaya (宗義章)||1838 - 1842|| Tsushima no kami (対馬の神) ||Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 15||Sō Yoshiyori (宗義和)||1842 - 1862|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * 16||Sō Yoshiaki (Yoshiakira), later renamed Shigemasa (宗義達)||1862 - 1871|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami  (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * }
 * 16||Sō Yoshiaki (Yoshiakira), later renamed Shigemasa (宗義達)||1862 - 1871|| Tsushima no kami, Harima no kami  (対馬守、播磨守) ||Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従五位下) ||100,000 koku||
 * }
 * }
 * }

Genealogy (simplified)

 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] I. Sō Yoshitoshi, 1st Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (cr. 1588) (1568–1615; r. 1588–1615)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] II. Yoshinari, 2nd Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1604–1657; r. 1615–1657)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] III. Yoshizane, 3rd Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1639-1702; r. 1657–1692)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] IV. Yoshitsugu, 4th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1671–1694; r. 1692–1694)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] V. Yoshimichi, 5th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1684–1718; r. 1694–1718)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] VI. Yoshinobu, 6th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1692–1730; r. 1718–1730)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] VIII. Yoshiaki, 8th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1716–1752; r. 1732–1752)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] X. Yoshinaga, 10th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1741–1778; r. 1762–1778)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XI. Yoshikatsu I, 11th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1771–1785; r. 1778–1785)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XII. Yoshikatsu II (Isaburō), 12th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1773–1813; r. 1785–1812)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XIII. Yoshikata, 13th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1800–1838; r. 1812–1838)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XIV. Yoshiaya, 14th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1818–1842; r. 1838–1842)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XV. Yoshiyori, 15th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1818–1890; r. 1842–1862; 34th family head: 1862–1890)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] XVI. Yoshiakira (Shigemasa), 16th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū, 1st Count (1847–1902; Lord: 1862–1868; Governor: 1869–1871; 35th family head: 1890–1902; Count: 1884)
 * Shigemochi, 2nd Count, 36th family head (1867–1923; 36th family head and 2nd Count: 1902–1923)
 * Kuroda Kazushi, 1st Viscount (1851–1917; adopted into the Kuroda family; Viscount: 1884)
 * Takeyuki, 3rd Count, 37th family head (1908–1985; 37th family head and 3rd Count: 1923–1947; 37th family head: 1947–1985)
 * Tatsuhito, 38th family head (b. 1956; 38th family head: 1985–present)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] IX. Yoshishige, 9th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1717–1775; r. 1752–1762)
 * [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] VII. Michihiro, 7th Lord of Tsushima-Fuchū (1696–1760; r. 1731–1732)