Tu scendi dalle stelle

"Tu scendi dalle stelle" ("From Starry Skies Thou Comest", "From Starry Skies Descending", "You Came a Star from Heaven", "You Come Down from the Stars") is a Christmas carol from Italy, written in 1744 in Bovino by Saint Alphonses Liguori in the musical style of a pastorale. Though found in numerous arrangements and commonly sung, it is traditionally associated with the zampogna, or large-format Italian bagpipe.

History
The melody and original lyrics for the hymn were written by Alphonsus Liguori, a prominent Neapolitan priest and scholastic philosopher (later canonized) who founded the Redemptorist missionary order. In 1732, while staying at Convent of the Consolation, one of his order's houses in the small city of Deliceto in the province of Foggia in southeastern Italy, he wrote the Christmas song that begins "You come down from the stars" entitled "Little song to Child Jesus". This version with Italian lyrics actually came after the original song written in Neapolitan entitled "For Jesus' birth" and that begins Quanno nascette Ninno (When the child was born) and sometimes referred to as the "Carol of the Bagpipers" (Canzone d'i zampognari). Since that time, the "Little song to Child Jesus" became a widely popular Christmas carol in Italy.

There are several translations of the lyrics into English styled after that of the King James Bible; one of these translations is given below. At least one translation into modern English also exists, as well as a literal translation into English of the Neapolitan "Quanno nascette Ninno". The piece was also published in 1932 by A. Paolilli's Music Co. of Providence, Rhode Island. That version credits the music composition to Tommaso Capocci and the words to Pope Pius IX and does not mention the earlier work.

Text and melody
The first two stanzas are: 1. Tu scendi dalle stelle, O Re del Cielo, e vieni in una grotta, al freddo e al gelo.

O Bambino mio Divino Io ti vedo qui a tremar, O Dio Beato Ahi, quanto ti costò l'avermi amato!

2. A te, che sei del mondo il Creatore, mancano panni e fuoco; O mio Signore!

Caro eletto Pargoletto, Quanto questa povertà più mi innamora! Giacché ti fece amor povero ancora! 1. From starry skies descending, Thou comest, glorious King, A manger low Thy bed, In winter's icy sting;

O my dearest Child most holy, Shudd'ring, trembling in the cold! Great God, Thou lovest me! What suff'ring Thou didst bear, That I near Thee might be!

2. Thou art the world's Creator, God's own and true Word, Yet here no robe, no fire For Thee, Divine Lord.

Dearest, fairest, sweetest Infant, Dire this state of poverty. The more I care for Thee, Since Thou, O Love Divine, Will'st now so poor to be.

Variations and arrangements
Domenico Scarlatti used the tune in his Sonata in C major, Kk513. Ottorino Respighi adopted the carol for the second movement of his Trittico botticelliano, P 151 (1927), "Adoration of the Magi".

Anthony Velona and Remo Capra arranged English lyrics upon the original musical composition for a version entitled "O Bambino" (also known as "One Cold and Blessed Winter"). This version was recorded by several singers in the late 1960s, before the history of the song was widely known, and was partly incorporated into Sergio Franchi's traditional Italian version on his 1965 recording.

Italian-American tenor Sergio Franchi originally recorded the traditional Italian version on a Durium (Italy) single (n.d.) and a Durium LP released in the US in 1965. He also recorded a slightly updated arrangement of this song on his 1965 RCA Victor Billboard Top 40 album The Heart of Christmas (Cuor' Di Natale).

Contemporary Italian composer Piero Niro has produced a composition entitled Three Variations on "Tu scendi dalle stelle" for a large orchestra (2000). Ralph Woodward has arranged the carol for unaccompanied choir.