Tuburan, Cebu

Tuburan, officially the Municipality of Tuburan (Lungsod sa Tuburan; ), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 68,167 people.

Tuburan was the hometown of the revolutionary leader Arcadio Maxilom. And is also known for its crystal-clear springs, beaches, creeks, rivers, caves and natural attractions.

Industrial and domestic products include decorative apparel and fashion accessories made of seashells and coconut shells, wood and other indigenous products. Tubod Festival is held every 13th of June in honor of the parish patron, Saint Anthony of Padua.

Foundation
Tuburan was founded in the 1851 by Don Mariano Montebon who came from the town of Sogod. The townsite was first located at Daan Lungsod which is just across the Adela River, north of the present poblacion. Tuburan got its name from the prevalence of springs, which are the sources of potable water for household use of the early settlers. "Tuburan" evolved from the Cebuano word Tubod, meaning "spring".

Philippine revolution
General Arcadio Maxilom y Molero was a hero of the Philippine Revolution. He was born in Tuburan where his family were members of the local gentry, or principalía. He worked as a public school teacher but later joined the Katipunan, whose activities in Cebu were led by León Kilat.

After Kilat's execution, Maxilom continued the revolution in Cebu as second in command. The Katipunan regrouped in the then impenetrable, mountainous central part of Cebu island which now part of the central highlands. On 16 December 1898, Maxilom wrote a letter to the Spanish authorities in Cebu, demanding the latter to surrender. The Spaniards quickly responded, weary after incessant fighting and on the impending defeat of the Spanish forces by the Americans overseas, on Christmas Eve of the same year, the Spaniards had left, leaving behind only three Catholic clerics.

Their newfound liberty short lived, when the Treaty of Paris took effect on December 10, 1898, Spain had to sell the fate of their former subjects to the United States for twenty million dollars.

Maxilom is best remembered for stubbornly refusing to surrender to the American occupying forces even as his fellow revolutionaries in Manila and Cebu were starting to capitulate or collaborate with the new colonial power. He finally surrendered on 27 October 1901. Virtually forgotten after the revolution, Maxilom died in his hometown of Tuburan, after a long period of time with paralysis. Decades later, the then, Mango Avenue of Cebu City, the second most historic road of the city was renamed after the late general.

Tuburan as Cebu's largest municipality
Tuburan is still the largest municipality in Cebu. But before the 1950s, Tuburan had a much larger land area, even bigger than Cebu City's. The municipality's land area was reduced in size when its former barangay, Tabuelan, was separated from Tuburan to form its own municipality in 1953.

Geography
Tuburan is bordered to the north by the town of Tabuelan, to the west is the Tañon Strait, to the east are the towns of Carmen, Catmon and Sogod, and to the south is the town of Asturias. It is 82 km from Cebu City.

Tuburan is the largest municipality in Cebu in terms of land area. It also has the most number of barangays for a municipality in Cebu. And it is also the only municipality in Cebu to have numerous barangays with very small population count. Most of these barangays are located in the mountains. The barangay with the lowest population count is Barangay Kanlunsing with 210 people as of 2016, though the barangay with the lowest recorded population count on Cebu Island is located in the nearby municipality of Catmon, which is the Barangay of Amancion, with 190 people in 2016.

Barangays
Tuburan is politically subdivided into 54 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Climate
The city has a tropical savanna climate (Koppen: Aw), narrowly missing a tropical monsoon climate (Koppen:Am), due to the month of February having less than 60mm of rain.

Economy
There is a 2000 ha coffee farm which has the capacity to produce 4.3 e6kg, which if when roasted can be sold at the (2017) prevailing price of 600 $/kg, and the farm could earn ₱2 billion annually. This farm is located within the mountain barangay of Kabangkalan.

In addition, the coffee farm is gaining ground as a tourist attraction in an ecotourism niche.

Tourism
Among the scenic spots are:
 * Scenic spots
 * Springs of:
 * Molobolo Spring · Mantawihan · Little Baguio · Blue Hole Spring, San Juan


 * Marmol cliff and cave
 * Lantawan Lookout
 * White beaches of:
 * Friendship · Daan Lungsod · Apalan


 * Eco-tourism
 * Adela River Eco Tourism Adventure · Molobolo Nature Spring

Transportation
Ceres Liner and Corominas Bros. are among the bus companies going to the town. But riding a V-Hire is the quickest way of going to the town. There are three ways of getting to the town:
 * V-Hire - Via Transcentral Highway (Balamban) - 80 km
 * Ceres Liner - Via Lugo (Tabuelan) - 100 km
 * Ceres Liner, Corominas Bros. - Via Toledo City - 110 km

Education
The public schools in the town of Tuburan are administered by two school districts under the Schools Division of Cebu Province.

Elementary schools

 * Amatugan Elementary School — Amatugan
 * Antipolo Elementary School — Antipolo
 * Apalan Elementary School — Apalan
 * Bagasawe Elementary School — Bagasawe
 * Bakyawan Elementary School — Bakyawan
 * Bangkito Elementary School — Bangkito
 * Bulwang Elementary School — Bulwang
 * Caridad Elementary School — Caridad
 * Carmelo Elementary School — Carmelo
 * Colonia Central Elementary School — Colonia
 * Cogon Elementary School — Cogon
 * Daanlungsod Elementary School — Daan Lungsod
 * Fortaliza Elementary School — Fortaliza
 * Gaang Elementary School — Gaang
 * Gimama-a Elementary School — Gimama-a
 * Jagbuaya Elementary School — Jagbuaya
 * Kabangkalan Elementary School — Kabangkalan
 * Kabkaban Elementary School — Kabkaban
 * Kagbao Elementary School — Kagba-o
 * Kalangahan Elementary School — Kalangahan
 * Kalunsing Elementary School — Kanlunsing
 * Kamansi Elementary School — Kamansi
 * Kampoot Elementary School — Kampoot
 * Kan-an Elementary School — Kan-an
 * Kansi Elementary School — Kansi
 * Kaorasan Primary School — Kaorasan
 * Libo Elementary School — Libo
 * Lusong Elementary School — Lusong
 * Macupa Elementary School — Macupa
 * Mag-agta Elementary School — Sitio Mag-agta, Lusong
 * Mag-alwa Elementary School — Mag-alwa
 * Mag-antoy Elementary School — Mag-antoy
 * Mag-atubang Elementary School — Mag-atubang
 * Maghan-ay Elementary School — Maghan-ay
 * Mangga Elementary School — Mangga
 * Marmol Elementary School — Marmol
 * Matnog Elementary School — Sitio Matnog, Putat
 * Molobolo Elementary School — Molobolo
 * Montealegre Elementary School — Montealegre
 * Putat Elementary School — Putat
 * Sandayong Elementary School — Sandayong
 * San Juan Elementary School — San Juan
 * Siotes Elementary School — Siotes
 * Sto. Niño Elementary School — Sto. Niño
 * Tominjao Elementary School — Tominjao
 * Tomugpa Primary School — Tomugpa
 * Tuburan Central Elementary School — C. Parilla Street, Barangay VII

High schools

 * Ireneo V. Diamante National High School — Kabangkalan
 * Kalangahan National High School — Kalangahan
 * Kansi National High School — Kansi
 * Lusong National High School — Lusong
 * Montealegre National High School — Montealegre
 * Putat National High School — Putat
 * Saint Anthony Academy — Poblacion
 * Tuburan National High School — Barangay VII
 * Vicente Cabahug National High School (formerly Colonia NHS) — Colonia

Integrated schools:
 * Paulo Gallarde Sr. Integrated School — Alegria
 * Sumon Integrated School — Sumon