Ungjin Commandery

The Ungjin Commandery was an administrative division of the Chinese Tang dynasty that existed between 660 and 671 on the Korean Peninsula. It was created in place of Baekje in present-day Chungcheong Province after its defeat by a joint Silla-Tang alliance, but was destroyed only a few years after due to a counterattack by Silla and remnant Baekje forces. The Tang dynasty moved the now nonexistent Ungjin Commandery into the Protectorate General to Pacify the East. Those political organizations renamed the newly conquered areas under the Jimi system.

History
In the year of 660, Ungjin Commandery is a administrative subdivision set up for the purpose of governing the old Baekje area which is current Chungcheong Province. At that time, Ungjin (Administrative center・Sabi castle also known as Goma castle, which is currently called Chungcheong Province, Buyeo County), Mahan confederacy (Gosaburi castle, North Jeolla Province, Jeongeup), Dongmyeong Province, Ungjin castle, Chungcheong Province, Gonju city), Deongan Province, Deugan castle, Chungcheong Province, Nonsan city, Eunjin area, Gimnan Province castle, Chungcheong Province, Seosan city) and Daemang Province (Jukgun castle, South Jeolla Province, Naju city, Hoejin).

Ungjin Commandery governed following 13 prefectures under jurisdiction. Ui, Singu, Rindeok , Yunseong , Sangon , Anwon , Binmun , Gwiwa or known as Masaryang , Maena , Gamgae  or known as Gomagburi , Naseo , Deongan , Nongsan. Angdong Territory Area Command governed 4 prefectures which were Naejin, Nosin or known as Anogog , Guji  or known as Guji  and Burim  or known as Beoreum. Gimnan Province governed Pyeoni prefecture also known as Juryu  or Jiryu, Mahan Territory Area Command governed Pyoeonwa , Biri , Mijung , Bomi , Jiban. Daemang Province governed Jiryu also known as Jiryu, Gunna  or known as Gurna, Dosan  or known as Chusan , Banna  or known as Bannaburi , Jukgu or known as Duhil  and Bohyeon  or known as Panomi.

As Wang Wendu, the general of Tang dynasty has died, the momentum of Baekje revival movements has raised. Gwisil Boksin who was the retainer of Mu of Baekje made use of political turmoil of Wang Wendu, called Buyeo Pung back from Japan and based at Juryu castle. They attacked Tang dynasty together with Japanese army. In 661, Tang dynasty nominated Liu Renyuan as the commander of Ungjin Commandery and Daemang Province. In 663, Baekje and Japanese army has defeated in the Battle of Baekgang and they failed in retrieving Baekje.

After the Battle of Baekgang, Liu Renyuan returned to Tang dynasty and Liu Renzhi was sent to govern the Barkeje area. Liu Renzhi tried to reconstruct　battlefields. In 665, he promoted merger of territorial area commands, states and prefecture. As a result, 6 territorial area command have integrated and transformed into 7 states (Dongmyeong, Jisim, Nosan, Gosa, Saban Daemang, and Buncha) and 13 prefectures under Ungjin. The central government have set at Sabi castle (Chungcheong Province, Buyeo County). Buyeo Yung who was a former prince of Barkje was nominated a commander of Ungjin Territory Area. He was given this position to command and to manage battlefield of Baekje and its survivors, however, he was afraid of Silla's invasion and did not take his position. For his replacement, Liu Rengui took over the position. After Goguryeo was overthrown, Liu Rengui and Liu Rengui returned to Tang dynasty. Buyeo Yung refused to take position of commander, his position was deputized by Nagan and Yegun.

After that, Silla rebelled and attached Ungjin Commandery in July, 670. 82 castle have been surrendered. Even after the invasion of Silla never stop and majority of former Baekje's land have occupied and they reached to Ungjin and Sabi where Tang dynasty set central government to manage former Baekje's land. Tang dynasty nominated Xue Rengui as a commander of Gyerim Territory Area Command and fought against Silla, but in the end, they are failed and Ungjin Commandery was occupied by Silla.

After the disturbance, Tang dynasty transferred Ungjin Territory Area Command to Geonan castle (present-day Yingkou, Liaoning). It has merged with Anju Territorial Area Command which governed by Protectorate General to Pacify the East.

In 686, Silla established Ungjin Territorial Area Command and renamed it as Ungcheon in 757. In 940, Ungcheon was renamed as Gongju and Territorial Area Command was set, and in 983, it was promoted as Gongju province.