University of Mainz

The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It is named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

Founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe and one of the most prestigious in Germany.



History
The first University of Mainz goes back to the Archbishop of Mainz, Prince-elector and Reichserzkanzler Adolf II von Nassau. At the time, establishing a university required papal approval and Adolf II initiated the approval process during his time in office. The university, however, was first opened in 1477 by Adolf's successor to the bishopric, Diether von Isenburg. In 1784 the university was opened up for Protestants and Jews (curator Anselm Franz von Bentzel-Sternau ). It became one of the largest Catholic universities in Europe with ten chairs in theology alone. In the confusion after the establishment of the Mainz Republic of 1792 and its subsequent recapture by the Prussians, academic activity came to a gradual standstill. In 1798 the university became active again under French governance, and lectures in the department of medicine took place until 1823. Only the faculty of theology continued teaching during the 19th century, albeit as a theological seminary (since 1877 "College of Philosophy and Theology").

The current Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz was founded in 1946 by the French occupying power. In a decree on 1 March the French military government implied that the University of Mainz would continue to exist: the university shall be "enabled to resume its function". The remains of anti-aircraft warfare barracks erected in 1938 after the remilitarization of the Rhineland during the Third Reich served as the university's first buildings and are still in use today.

The continuation of academic activity between the old university and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, in spite of an interruption spanning over 100 years, is contested. During the time up to its reopening only a seminary and midwifery college survived.

In 1972, the effect of the 1968 student protests began to take a toll on the university's structure. The departments (Fakultäten) were dismantled and the university was organized into broad fields of study (Fachbereiche). Finally in 1974 Peter Schneider was elected as the first president of what was now a "constituted group-university" institute of higher education. In 1990 Jürgen Zöllner became university president yet spent only a year in the position after he was appointed Minister for "Science and Advanced Education" for the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. As the coordinator for the SPD's higher education policy, this furloughed professor from the Institute for Physiological Chemistry played a decisive role in the SPD's higher education policy and in the development of Study Accounts.

Faculties
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz is divided in ten faculties since 1 September 2010.


 * Faculty of Catholic and Protestant Theology
 * Faculty of Social Sciences, Media, and Sports
 * Faculty of Law, Management, and Economics
 * University Medicine
 * Faculty of Philosophy and Philology
 * Faculty of Translation Studies, Linguistics, and Cultural Studies
 * Faculty of History and Cultural Studies
 * Faculty of Physics, Mathematics
 * Faculty of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences
 * Faculty of Biology

The academies for music and art are independent art colleges of the Johannes Gutenberg University, the Hochschule für Musik Mainz and the Kunsthochschule Mainz.

Campus
The University of Mainz is one of few campus universities in Germany. Nearly all its institutions and facilities are located on the site of a former barracks in the south west part of the city. The university medical centre is located off campus, as is the Department of Applied Linguistics and Cultural Sciences, which was integrated with the university in 1949 and is located in Germersheim. On campus next to the university is the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, the Institute of Molecular Biology, the electron accelerator MAMI, the research reactor TRIGA, the botanical garden, a sports stadium and an indoor swimming pool. Mainz Academy of Arts (Kunsthochschule Mainz) is located off campus.

Academic profile
The range of studies is comprehensive; the university lacks some technical studies, veterinary medicine and nutrition science. One can nonetheless study the theology, history of books, athletics, music, visual arts, theatre, and film.

Today the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has approximately 36,000 students and consists of over 150 institutions and clinics. The university offers international programs, such as the award-winning choir EuropaChorAkademie, founded by Joshard Daus in 1997, in collaboration with the University of the Arts Bremen.

One of the instruments carried by the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity, a miniature Mössbauer spectrometer, was developed at the university.

The University of Mainz does not currently levy fees or tuition (Studiengebühren) for a regular course of study. Senior citizen students, auditing students, and certain postgraduate students may be subject to fees.

Rankings
As per the QS World University Rankings for 2024, the university holds the 464th position worldwide and is placed 27th nationally. On the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, it finds itself within the 251–300 range globally, and falls within the 25–31 range on a national scale in the 2024 edition. In terms of the ARWU World Rankings for 2022, the university is positioned in the 201–300 band internationally, and ranks between 10th and 19th in the country.

According to the report of the German Research Foundation (DFG) from 2018, the University of Mainz is one of the best universities in natural sciences in Germany. In the period under review from 2014 to 2016, the University of Mainz received the highest number of competitive grants in the natural sciences. The university also achieved the first place in physics. In a competitive selection process, the DFG selects the best research projects from researchers at universities and research institutes and finances them. The ranking is thus regarded as an indicator of the quality of research.

Old University

 * Johann Joachim Becher, physician, professor of medicine 1663–1664
 * Johann Friedrich von Pfeiffer, economist, professor of cameral science 1784–1787
 * Andreas Joseph Hofmann, professor of law 1784–1793, president of the first democratically elected parliament in Germany
 * Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, professor of anatomy and physiology 1784–1797
 * Georg Forster, naturalist and world traveller, university librarian 1788–1793

Professors (post 1946)

 * Karl-Otto Apel (philosophy)
 * Kai Arzheimer (political science)
 * Thomas Bierschenk (ethnology and sociology)
 * Herbert Braun (theology)
 * Hauke Brunkhorst (education)
 * Micha Brumlik (education)
 * Paul J. Crutzen (chemistry, Nobel Prize 1995)
 * Fritz Strassmann (physics)
 * Jürgen Falter (political science)
 * Hans Galinsky (American studies)
 * Gerhard Grohs (African studies) (Sociology) (1975–1994)
 * Alfred Kröner (geology)
 * Karl Cardinal Lehmann (theology)
 * Carola Lentz (social anthropologist)
 * Thomas Metzinger (philosophy)
 * Gottfried Münzenberg (physics)
 * Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (communication studies)
 * W. Pannenberg (theology)
 * Rolf Peffekoven (economics)
 * Klaus Rose (economics)
 * Dorothee Sölle (theology)
 * Beatrice Weder di Mauro (economics)
 * Isabel Schnabel (economics)
 * Werner Weidenfeld (political science, former adviser of German chancellor Helmut Kohl)
 * Jürgen Gauß (theoretical chemistry)
 * Uğur Şahin (medicine)
 * Özlem Türeci (medicine)
 * Klaus Wälde (economics)

Alumni
Alumni of the old University include theologian Friedrich Spee as well as Austrian diplomat Klemens von Metternich, who studied law from 1790 to 1792, and revolutionary Adam Lux.

Among notable alumni from the post-1946 University of Mainz are German politicians Malu Dreyer (SPD, Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate); Rainer Brüderle (FDP, Federal Minister for Economics and Technology); Horst Teltschik (former security advisor to Chancellor Helmut Kohl and president of the Munich Conference on Security Policy); Kristina Schröder, Federal Minister of Family and Social Affairs; Franz Josef Jung (CDU, Former Federal Minister of Labor and Social Affairs and former Federal Minister of Defence); Jens Beutel, Oberbürgermeister (mayor) of Mainz; particle physicist Vera Lüth; nuclear and particle physicist Johanna Stachel; sculptor Karlheinz Oswald; sports journalist Béla Réthy; political journalist Peter Scholl-Latour; Dieter Stolte, former director-general of ZDF; soprano Elisabeth Scholl; a founder of American avant-garde cinema Jonas Mekas; his brother Adolfas Mekas, film director, writer and educator; mural artist Rainer Maria Latzke; the German climatologist Wolfgang Seiler; Abbas Zaryab, notable Iranian scholar and historian; Indonesian Toraja Church pastor and politician, Ishak Pamumbu Lambe; Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur, an Indian reproductive biologist; American educator Biddy Martin; Stanisław Potrzebowski, one of leaders of the ridnovir movement in Poland; German opera singer Christine Esterházy; and Ruth Katharina Martha Pfau, nun, physician and writer who devoted more than 50 years of her life to fighting leprosy in Pakistan.