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The earthquakes that occur in Turkey are due to the country's location on the boundary of two tectonic plates, the African plate and the Eurasian plate. This boundary is known as the North Anatolian Fault, and it is one of the most active fault zones in the world. The fault is caused by the movement of the African plate, which is being forced under the Eurasian plate in a process known as subduction.

As the two plates move against each other, a large amount of strain energy builds up in the rocks along the fault. When this energy is suddenly released, it causes an earthquake. In Turkey, earthquakes are typically shallow, with depths of less than 15 km, which makes them more damaging than deeper earthquakes.

The North Anatolian Fault is responsible for some of the largest earthquakes in Turkish history, including the 7.4 magnitude earthquake that struck Izmit in 1999 and the 6.0 magnitude earthquake that struck Van in 2011.

In addition to the North Anatolian Fault, there are several other active fault zones in Turkey that contribute to the country's earthquake risk. These include the East Anatolian Fault, the Dead Sea Transform, and the Eastern Mediterranean Rift System.

To reduce the risk of damage from earthquakes, it is important for buildings in Turkey to be constructed to high seismic standards, and for people to be educated about what to do in the event of an earthquake. Additionally, monitoring systems can be put in place to provide early warning of earthquakes, and to track the movement of fault zones over time.