User:Айгуль Мизхатовна

Riza Fakhreddin Born 13 January 1859, Kichuchatovo Died 12 April 1936 (aged 77), Ufa Occupation scientist, writer-enlightener, historian, theologian, religious and public figure. Nationality Tatar You are a hero when you do what you are supposed to do. (Albert Kamue) Riza Fakhretdin (Rizaetdin bina Fakhreddin) (13 January 1859 - on 12 April 1936) was a Tatar scientist, writer-enlightener, historian, theologian, religious and public figure. Early life Rizaetdin Fakhretdin was born on 13 January 1859 in the village of Kichuchatovo of the Bugulma uyezd (district) of the Samara Oblast (region) (in the present-day Almetyevsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan). His father, Fakhretdin Saifoutdinov, was a local imam. Rizaetdin obtained his first lessons at the age of 5-6 years from his mother, Makhouba-abystai. The period between autumn of 1867 and spring of 1868 he spent studying at madrasah of the town of Chistopol to which he moved following his brother-in-law, Gilman Karimov. When Gilman khazrat was appointed an imam in the village of Minnibayevo, and, starting from 1869, Riza Fakhretdin studied at madrasah in the nearest village of Nizhniye Shelcheli, where he obtained substantial knowledge. When he became a senior pupil he himself began teaching lessons to juniors. Education He worked as teacher at the madrasah of Shelcheli until spring of 1889. Having come to Kazan in 1886, Riza Fakhretdin met with Shigaboutdin Marjani,.in outstanding historian and theologian of that time. After passing successfully 19 exams in Ufa, in 1887 he was appointed to the post of imam-khatyb. In 1888, Riza Fakhretdin spent two months in St.-Petersburg, where he met with a well-known Islamic philosopher Jamaletdin Afghani. Acquaintance with such outstanding personalities had a great impact on him. It was for that reason why Riza Fakhretdin called Shigaboutdin Marjani, Jamaletdin Afghani and Ismagil Gasprinsky his spiritual mentorsIn the period between 1889 and 1891 Riza Fakhretdin worked as imam and mudaris in i he village of Ilbyakovo of the Bugulma uyezd.

Job He was first elected to the post of qadi at the Spiritual Board in Ufa in 1891 and was inter re-elected to the same post three times more and worked as qadi until 1906. Holding that post, Riza Fakhretdin did many socially useful deeds. One of them was the bringing m order and preservation of the archives of the Spiritual Board that was indeed in a sad state. Simultaneously, he worked as teacher at the Orenburg madrasah «Khusainiya». After the publication of «Shura» journal was stopped by the Soviet Government, in 1918, Riza Kakhretdin took his family and came back to Ufa, where he returned to his work as qadi at the Spiritual Board. On 6 December, after death of Galimjan Baroudi, he performed the functions of a mufti. On 10 July 1923, Riza Kakhretdin was officially elected to the post of mufti, which he occupied until the end of Mis life.

Literary works In 1887 year he published his first book on the grammar of the Arabic language. For his self-sacrificing work, Riza Fakhretdin was twice awarded by the tsarist government with silver and golden medals. Several textbooks by Riza Fakhretdin were published yet before his move to Ufa. There, he was absorbed in his scientific activities and intensified his creative work. One after another he wrote textbooks, literary works, and a historical work titled «Asar». All in all, by the year 1907, he published 29 literary, historical, scientific/pedagogical, and religious works and separate writings. Some of them were re-published 4 and 5 times. The conscientious work and creative activities brought Riza Fakhretdin fame in the whole Turkic-Tatar and Moslem world. By invitation of the Orenburg publishers of the «Vakyt» newspaper, brothers Shakir and Zakir Ramiyevs, editor Fatykh Karimi, Riza Fakhretdin left Ufa in 1906 and settled in Orenburg, where he began working at the editorial office of the «Vakyt» newspaper, publishing articles on various topics.

Journalism. In 1907, the Ramiyevs were granted permission to publish a new journal in the Tatar language. The new journal titled «Shura» (Council) was first published in January 1908. Riza Fakhretdin was appoints its chief editor and headed the journal until it was closed in 1918. For 10 years of the journal's existence it provided its pages to hundreds of articles on a wide range of topics: literature, history, art, education, religion and public life, etc. The journal owed much of its versatility and popularity to its chief editor. When working at the journal, Riza Fakhretdin was actively involved in literary and scientific activities and publication of his books. At the time of the Soviet power, very hard for ministers of religion, Riza Fakhretdin continued his scientific research. The fact that ho was invited to the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR held in 1925 in Leningrad stands the evidence of high recognition of Riza Fakhretdin as scientist. Death Riza Fakhretdin died on 12 April 1936 in Ufa and was buried on 15 April at the municipal Moslem cemetery. After his death

The policy of militant atheism of the Soviet State with respect to religion in general, and the activity of Riza Fakhretdin as qadi and mufti became the reason why his name as scientist was undeservedly forgotten for many decades. It was only at the late 1960s when his name returned to press. Heritage Riza Fakhretdin was an outstanding figure, whose name has been inscribed with gold in the history of the Tatar people among its other renowned sons. He was a historian, writer, pedagogue and a prominent religious figure. The heritage of the scientist is amazingly diverse and promises its researchers a lot of interesting discoveries.

Nowadays there is a museum in his native village Kichuhatovo, Almetyevsk region. In 1991 a school for gifted children were opened in Almetyevsk and it was named after him - Gymnasium #1 after Riza Fakhretdin.

References Rizaetdin Fakhretdin: Bibliographical directory.-Kazan: "Milli kitap" Publishing House,2003.-p.42-46.