User:وصی عشروی سیوان

The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except for a short duration after the Mongol raids and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

Before the Islamic conquest, the Persians had been mainly Zoroastrian; however, there were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities, especially in the territories of at that time northwestern, western, and southern Iran, mainly Caucasian Albania, Asōristān, Persian Armenia, and Caucasian Iberia. There was a slow but steady movement of the population toward Islam. When Islam was introduced to Iranians, the nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert, Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the dehqans, or landed gentry. By the late 11th century, the majority of Persians had become Muslim, at least nominally.

Iran's population is about 82,000,000 people,[2] and Islam is the religion of 99.4% of Iranians. Nearly 90% of Iranians are Shi'a and about 10% are Sunni. Most Sunnis in Iran are Kurds, Larestani people (from Larestan), Turkomen, and Baluchs, living in the northwest, northeast, south, and southeast.[1] Almost all of Iranian Shi'as are Twelvers. IMAM ALI a.s Though Iran is known today as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, it did not become so until much later, around the 15th century. The Safavid dynasty made Shi'a Islam the official state religion in the early sixteenth century and aggressively proselytized on its behalf. It is also believed that by the mid-seventeenth century most people in Iran and the territory of the contemporary neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan had become Shi'as,[3] an affiliation that has continued. Over the following centuries, with the state-fostered rise of a Persian-based Shi'ite clergy, a synthesis was formed between Persian culture and Shi'ite Islam that marked each indelibly with the tincture of the other. Arabic calligraphy of the name of Ali 4th Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (Sunni View) Reign 656–661[1] Predecessor Uthman ibn Affan Successor Hasan ibn Ali 1st Imam of Shia Islam (Twelver, Zaydi, and Nizari Ismaili view) Reign 632–661 Successor Hasan ibn Ali (2nd Imam) Asās/Wāsih of Shia Islam (Musta'li Ismaili view) Successor Hasan ibn Ali (1st Imam) Born 15 September 601 (13 Rajab 21 BH in the ancient Arabic calendar)[1][2][3] Ka'bah, Mecca, Hijaz, Arabian Peninsula[1][4] Died 29 January 661 (21 Ramadan AH 40) (aged 59)[2][3][5][6] Kufa, Mesopotamia, Rashidun Empire killer Abdur Rahman ibne Muljim Burial Imam Ali Mosque, Najaf, Iraq Spouses Fatimah Umamah bint Zainab Umm ul-Banin Leila bint Masoud Asma bint Umays Khawlah bint Ja'far Al Sahba' bint Rabi'ah Issue Descendants of Ali Al-Hasan Al-Husayn Zaynab Umm Kulthum Muhsin Muhammad Abbas Abdullah Hilal Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr (stepson) Full name 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib Arabic: عَلِي ابْن أَبِي طَالِب‎ Tribe Quraysh (Banu Hashim) Father Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib Mother Fatimah bint Asad Religion Hanif (as of 610)/Islam ʿAlī bin Abī Ṭālib