User:बडा काजी/sandbox3

The country of Nepal was never colonised (नेपालको उपनिवेशीकरण) rather it served as a buffer state between Imperial China and British India.

History
In the mid-18th century, Prithvi Narayan Shah, king of the Kingdom of Gorkha set out to unify small kingdoms which would become present-day Nepal. After his victory at the Battle of Nuwakot (1744), he headed for the Kathmandu Valley, where the three Malla kingdoms Bhaktapur, Patan, and Kantipur were ruling. Shah went to a battle with the Kingdom of Patan over the town of Kirtipur, and in 1767 the town fell into the hand of the Gorkhas. This posed a threat to Kantipur, subsequently then King of Kantipur, Jaya Prakash Malla, requested assistance from the East India Company to stop the rapid expansion of Gorkha. Recently, Shah had also imposed a blockade on the kingdom which hurt the East India Company's trans-Himalayan trade with Tibet and China as they used the route that went through Kantipur. The company accepted the request and sent Captain Kinloch who met Prithvi Narayan Shah's forces at the Battle of Sindhuli in 1767. The battle proved to be disastrous for the company, Kinloch fled with approximately 800 soldiers out of almost 24,000. After this Shah managed to conquer the valley and proclaimed himself as the King of Nepal on 25 September 1768. After Prithvi Narayan Shah's death, the Unification of Nepal campaign was continued notability by Prince Bahadur Shah, Queen Rajendra, and Bhimsen Thapa. At its greatest extent, the Kingdom of Nepal extended from the Sutlej River in the west to the Teesta River in the east. In 1802, the British Empire established a resident minister post in Nepal. In 1810, General David Ochterlony, proffered to make Nepal "Principle of Limitation", and told Amar Singh Thapa who was a commander of the newly obtained in the west to "stick to the hills" as the British had no interest "all territory below the line of the foothills". However, the unification came to halt in 1814 after the company again declared war against Nepal following territorial disputes in the Tarai.

The Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) ended with Nepal signing the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816 which gave the newly obtained lands from Kumaon, Garhwal and parts of Sikkim to the East India Company. Following the war, Nepal and the company entered what historians call "peace without cordiality" era and the British had realised military campaign in the hills of Nepal would be an arduous war. After the downfall of Bhimsen Thapa in the 1830s who was Mukhtiyar (equivalent to prime minister) during the war, Jung Bahadur Rana rose to prominence. He established the Rana dynasty that reduced the power of the King of Nepal to a figurehead and making heredity Prime Minister from the dynasty de facto ruler of Nepal. Rana were pro-British and had a policy of appeasement.