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Immunology
Many of studies showed calorie restriction can attenuate the negative effects of aging which is highly connected to the change of immunity in human. T cell functions are well known to be declined with age. A six-month calorie restriction test on humans showed that T cell functions were improved with calorie restriction comparing to baseline. But the positive response became statistical significant only after 30% CR. Cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 which do multi-function in immune system are naturally increased with aging. The over production of them were linked to age-associated disorders. Calorie restriction of old mice showed a decreasing of those cytokines, thus an inhibition of cytokines dysregulation by aging. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice also suggested calories restriction can have anti-inflammatory effect with changing of cytokines. Comparing to controlled old mice, calorie restricted old mice had more naive T cell phenotype and more immature NK cell phenotype.