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The New Jersey Senate is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature, the bicameral state legislature of the State of New Jersey. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state.

The Senate was introduced in the 1844 Constitution of New Jersey, replacing the New Jersey Legislative Council. From 1844 until 1965 (following the United States Supreme Court's Reynolds v. Sims decision), each county was an electoral district electing one senator, as they had under the 1776 Constitution. From 1965 to 1973, Senate districts were apportioned at the county level, but with adjustments for disparate populations. Since 1973, the legislature has been apportioned into districts to reflect the principle of "one person, one vote" as nearly as possible, with little regard for county boundaries.

Under the 1844 Constitution the term of office was three years, which was changed to four years with the 1947 Constitution. Since 1968 the Senate has consisted of 40 senators, apportioned among legislative districts drawn at the town level, who are elected in a "2-4-4" cycle.