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The House of Landi
Originated in the third century with Panfirio Landus, a Roman Senator. The family produced two Bishops one, the bishop of Cosilinum (or Marcellianum), present at the Roman synod of 743, and, Antonio Luigi Landi, (Bishop of Shanxi ), China in O.F.M. (1804-1814) of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lu’an. One Cardinal Francesco Landi (cardinale) ) also one Pope Lando family name,"Landus/Landvs" Landvs/Landi {Latin spelling})   It was common in Vatican documentation to use the last name of Landi, Landus and Lando interchangeably, at times, in the same documents. Most Landi's during the second millennium are referred to as: "de Landi" (The Landi) of The Landi State "House of Landi" being its origin. During the Dark ages mostly wealthy families and royalty used surnames, their history is a bit clearer.Lando I of Capua, Lando II of Capua Lando III and Lando IV of Capua are all rooted in the Lando/Landus/Landi family names. "de Landi" The Landi " became the ruling family of The Landi State "Lo Stato Landi" (history By Cardinal; Antonio Samorè (1983)The Landi State, Italy (See Map right, Prencipe Landi "lo Stato Landi") '' The Landi State 1257-1682, 425 years with the Holy Roman Empire.."The Landi State" House of Landi, but The Landi State was founded by Rodolfo Landi 1188, making its existence at 519 years. "The Landi State" was to become a state of The Holy Roman Empire “The Princely House of Landi H.S.H. Prince, ”First Landi” of Val di Taro, Count Manfredo III Landi, also;Prince of the Holy Roman Empire ) that dominated the Province of Parma from the 13th through the 16th century. At its peak, The Landi State extended {{convert|1776|sqkm|sqmi}}, the largest in Italy at that time, and to this day the longest lived state,"lo Stato Landi," in the history of Italy. Their power was such that they were the only state within the Holy Roman Empire ever authorized to mint their own coinage. The Landi were warlords and renowned commanders of their own mercenary armies, maintained in the over 102 castles (See Map Prencipe Landi, "Lo Stato Landi","right") "The Landi State" owned more than 100 castles, cities and towns in the north of Italy alone. " This does not incude land holdings given to The Landi from Naples (Venafro) and some of the northern cities and towns of Sicily. Landi Del Cereto

The Royal Landi
Starts with Rodolfo in the 12th century. Landi Prince Obizzo Landi Another of the notable Noble Landi Princes of the 14th century in Piacenza. Obizzo Landi (Versuzio who was said to be cunning). Was a Noble Prince of Piacenza (1328). After a broken friendship with Galeazzo Visconti, he joined the Guelph party and moved to Piacenza Visconti (1322) and ruled on behalf of the Church. Then came Prince Ubertino Landi also in the 14th century Then Count Manfredo III. known as “El Magnifico” of 15th century, along with his three sons, Princes, Frederico, Pompeo(Castello Rivalta) and Corrado. The House of Landi Princes was unbroken from the 12th to 17th century. The Landi produced a Duke of (Venafro Naples), (Duke in Venice), (Marquesses in Parma and Piacenza), (Marquis of Ivaccari), and were (Princes of Melfi); (Marquises of Chiavenna) (with dominion over 35 cities and towns), (Counts of Compiano) (with dominion over 73 cities and towns), and (Barons of Bedonia) (with dominion over 89 cities and towns).The Royal bloodline of the Landi family branch out to include “the German Hapsburg and Hohenstaufen families,  Holy Roman Emperors; the royal families of Spain King Philip III of Spain,(through marriage of Isabella de Aragon, Dutchese of Milan (beleived to be Da Vinci's model for the Mona Lisa) to Ubertino Landi Count of Venafro), with a Family Crest that "includes" that of the Landi's in the House of Habsburg, (Prince Claudio III married,Joanna de Aragon) Aragon and Cordoba) and Portugal; the Savoy (Savoia) of Piedmont Villafranca Piemonte Through the marraiage of Gualvano Landi to Margarete Malaspina, Kings of Italy. Landi Royalty "House of Landi" in Parma continues to the 21st century, through the 18th century merger of the Pamphilj and Landi Royal Families. "Doria-Pamphili-Landi (or Doria-Pamphilj-Landi) is a princely Roman family of Genoese extraction. Legend has that the origins of the Doria family date from the early 11th century, Doria Landi, but the authentic pedigree is traced to Ansaldo d'Oria, consul of Genoa in the 12th century. The Doria-Pamphili-Landi princely family is a subbranch of the Doria di Oneglia branch: in 1291 two Doria brothers bought the lordship of Oneglia, which was co-owned by their descendants until the late 15th century. Admiral Andrea Doria was descended from a Doria di Oneglia, Genoese soldier Aitone Doria (also called Antonio Doria) who fought for the French at the battle of Crécy. Landi Royalty also survives through Countess Franca Zanardi Landi di Veano and others listed elsewhere

The Landi and The Holy Roman Empire They were known as friends and advisors to the Holy Roman Emperors for centuries, and masters of their mountaintop castle/fortress at Bardi; the largest in all of Europe – from which they ruled their Principality" Landi family members have interacted with many of the Popes (among them; Pope Urban VIII, Sixtus V, including Antonio Zanardi Landi, the current Ambassador of the Vatican to Italy. also: Bartolomeo Grassi-Landi, a non-cardinal and the conclavist (Papal Conclave)of Cardinal Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano 2014. The Landi Princes ruled over a 700 year period. Roldopho Landi's Nobility of Italy G.Great Grandson (Ubertino Landi I) married ("Sabella of Argon") of the medieval Kingdom of Argon Spain thus the first connection of the The Landi State to the Spanish. "In 1257 Count Ubertino Landi bought outright the entire city of Piacenza and the high territories of the Vally’s of Ceno and Taro, origin of the Taro (river) with the great benefit of now owning the Castle of Bardi, Emilia-Romagna which he fortified, rebuilt and expanded, then the largest castle in Europe". The Landi remained the Lords of Bardi, Emilia-Romagna for the next four centuries. Known as one the most defensible Castle’s anywhere in the world. It gave The Landi State geographical control of the river and its tributary Ceno Noveglia along with all the surrounding territories. Lands from Sicily were forfeited to Ubertino Landi for the return of, The King of Sicily,"Manfredi",“Ubertino during the fight at Benevento 1298 held The King of Sicily "Manfredi" and his two sons as prisoners”, expanding the sphere of The Landi's influence far from The Landi State.

Landi Princes of Val di Taro as rulers of The Landi State centering on Count Manfredo III Landi (1429 to 1488) who insisted on being call “El Magnifico,” during his reign, was to see change after his death when Manfredo's sons, Frederico, Pompeo(Castello Rivalta) and Corrado split up the kingdom their father ruled through 1488. This created three new branches of the Landi family. Compiano/Rivalta Bormida/Bardi. Through land grants Manfredo had greatly expanded the power, influence and size of The Landi State Gaining territory throughout Liguria, Lombardy, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and as far south as Venafro The Kingdom of Naples also from the northern areas of Sicily. Other expansion would happen in the future under Don Fredrico who also maintained,The archive Landi, which was moved to Genoa in 1682. It was known to include many thousands of books, many Incunable, among them 3000 Latin scrolls, many which dated back as far as the ninth century. Including some "Used as a university with which the Emperor Louis II renews concessions and confirms the properties to the monastery of St. Columbanus (February 2, 863). ”. Much later in the 19th century; Marquess Ferdinand Landi (1850) bequeathed his extensive Library growing to over 43,000 volumes to The Landi Library to continue in the Landi Mansion, eventually this would also be added to the “Library Passerini-Landi” originally created in 1791 from the merger of the "Royal Landi Library", established by Ferdinand Landi of Bourbon with books donated by the Jesuits, with the "Library Passerini," creating Biblioteca passerini Landi Library. As pertaining to the Board of Theologians. During the Kingdom of Italy Napoleonic government, a government decree of 1811 declared the library "Comunitativa" entrusting the administration to the Municipality of Piacenza. Biblioteca Passerini Landi Library survives to this day (2014).

The Landi/Farnese conspiracy.The Landi who were bitter enemies, and known to be the assassins of the House of Farnese, In 1547 Count Agostino Landi was among the planners of a conspiracy that led to the killing of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Farnese.The Death of Pier Luigi Farnese, by Count Agustino Landi amoung others was a "wide ranging conspiracy". Farnese’s firm rule and his taxes gained him the enmities of the cities, which were used to the fair authority of the Popes, and he was also no friend of the Aristocracy either, including Emperor Charles V who gave the go ahead for the plot to kill Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma .Emperor Charles V, aimed to unite Parma and Piacenza to the Duchy of Milan. It was Ferrante Gonzaga the governor of Milan who, hearing that Charles V wanted to take possession of the cities who actually launched the plot. Ferrante Gonzaga began to spy on Pier Luigi and sent reports continually to Madrid. Charles V, concerned about the progress in Parma, gave free rein to Ferrante Gonzaga to organize a conspiracy against the duke. Marquis Pallavicini Cortemaggiore offered support; but Ferrant preferred to rely on his distant kinsman Louis Gonzaga, Lord of Castiglione, his brother Count Giovanni Anguissola, governor of Como. Anguissola convinced Count Agostino Landi, Marquis Giovan, Luigi Confalonieri, and Girolamo Alessandro Pallavicini to join him. After Anguissola and 6 others had stabbed him to death, in a scene reminiscent of Caesar's assassination at the hands of the Senate 1500 years earlier, the conspirators then hung his body from a window of his palace in Piacenza. It was Charles V's vicar Ferrante Gonzaga who captured the Duchy soon after.

The Landi State and Monaco and the House of Grimaldi is significant. Grimaldi of Monaco- through marriage to Maria Landi (1582 - 19 January 1599), who was to become the Lady Consort of Monaco House of Grimaldi by her marriage to Prince Hercules I of Monaco, Ercole, Lord of Monaco. She was a daughter of Claudio Landi, 3rd Prince of Val di Taro and wife Juana Fernández de Córdoba y Milá de Aragón,Honoré II, Prince of Monaco whose family was saved from extinction because their connection to The Landi State. In Monaco House of Grimaldi, in the year 1596 Jeanne Grimaldi House of Grimaldi was born, sister of HSH Prince II of Monaco born a year later, both children of; Monaco Lord Prince Hercules I of Monaco, husband of Lord Maria Landi, sister of Prince Frederico Landi of Lo Stato Landi, Italy were to have their lives turned upside down in November 23, 1604, when their father would be assassinated, the Royal children being 8 years old, her brother 6, when further tragedy would take their mother, Lady Maria Landi of Val di Taro, she died in child birth with a third child. It was then that the childrens palace came under attack, since just children, the servants hid them until they were taken under the care of their uncle Prince Frederico Landi ofVal di Taro, Lo Stato Landi. He saved them, no parents, still children. He escorted Jeanne Grimaldi and younger brother, and new born sister to safety in exile in Milan. Frederico then returned to Monaco to stabilized the fledgling principality, and became the first Italian to ever rule Monaco Soon after, the children were returned under the care of their uncle Frederico. “ Prince Frederico Landi of lo stato Landi did in fact save, not only Monaco but the lives of the only royal family left, the three children of Prince Hercules I of Monaco and Lady Maria Landi. Frederico Landi, 4th Prince of Val di Taro was a loyal ally and friend of Spain, since King Philip III of Spain, was his cousin. But, it was Honoré I, Lord of Monaco. in (1524), who swore Monaco’s allegiance to Spain, and its King, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Monaco was therefore a protectorate of Spain long before Federico became acting Regent of Monaco for his minor nephew Honoré II, Prince of Monaco he requested two things from King Philip III of Spain, First that he formally recognizes Monaco House of Grimaldi as a Principality for the first time, This was granted, second that he formerly acknowledge Honoré II, Prince of Monaco Grimaldi as its first Prince, Spain in fact used its protectorate status established under Honoré I, Lord of Monaco to occupy Monaco until 1614. It took the Spanish under Philip III of Spain until 1633 to finally recognize Honoré II, Prince of Monaco as a sovereign Prince. It took support from French King Louis XIII to result in the Treaty of Péronne (1641) to end Spanish influence and put Monaco finally under the protection, guaranteeing Monegasque sovereignty, Franco-Monegasque Treaty. Unfortunately Honoré II, Prince of Monaco lost all his Italian and Spanish possessions in the process, but in the end King Louis XIII of France awarded him with the Marquis of Baux and the title of Duke of Valentinois

The Landi (de Landi) family lineage is captured in full from its beginnings in documents held in the Vatican Archives. Members of the family have been prominent among the major chivalric orders of Europe:
 * Order of the Golden Fleece
 * Knights Hospitaller
 * Order of Saint Stephen
 * Order of Saint Michael of the Wing
 * Order of the Crown of Italy
 * Grandees of Spain