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Lady Xian (or Hsien, ; 512-602), also known as Lady of Qiaoguo (or Ch'iao Kuo; ), was a Li (俚) noblewoman who lived in what is now Guangdong during the Sui dynasty of Chinese history. The local people called her as the "Notre Dame of Lingnan" (Chinese: 岭南圣母). She died during the tour of Hainan. Zhou Enlai ever called her "the First Heroine of China". Jiang Zeming also praised her as "the role model that the later generations should learn forever".

Life
Lady Xian was born in 512. She lived during the Sui dynasty in what is now Guangdong in Southern China. Her family was leader from generation to generation.

She was a notable leader who successfully defended her tribe against its enemies, eventually earning her title as Lady of Qiaoguo (Ch'iao Kuo). Her tribe's people preferred to fight with each other. She often tried to prevent them from involved in wars. Her brother Xian T'ing, the feudal provincial (刺史) of the Nanliang province (南梁州), was conceited from wealth so he often harassed the surrounding counties or robbed their belongings, which made people in the Lingnan area miserable. Lady Xian often persuaded him not to do bad things so people's resentment subsided gradually. Thus, thousands of people from Daner county (儋耳郡) of Hainan were attracted by her fame and joined her.

At 535, she married Feng Pao, a Chinese general, and encouraged an appreciation of Chinese ways among her people. She also helped her Feng Pao with the local affairs. She was impartial and incorruptible when resolving the lawsuits. She would punish her tribe's people if they committed crimes. As a result, Feng established their authority in the local place. From then on, nobody dared to disobey the government decrees.

Because she was a woman, her accomplishments shocked many Chinese. However, the emperor of the Chen Dynasty had been impressed with her achievements and bestowed her with many awards, including the title "Lady of Qiaoguo".

She died in 602 of old age and was honored with the posthumous name of Lady Chengjing (诚敬夫人).

Family
Among her children, only Feng P'u was known by name. He accompanied his mother into many battles, and like her, he was bestowed awards by the Chen emperor. Lady Xian had three grandsons named Feng Hun, Feng Hsian, and Feng Ang. They were all bestowed awards by the emperor. During every New Year or festivals, Lady Xian would take out all her gifts sent by the emperors of Liang, Chen and Sui dynasty and placed them in the yard. She told her grandsons that "You all should be loyal to the emperor. I had served emperors of three dynasties with loyalty! All these gifts granted by them were the reward of my loyalty. So I hope you all can think about that and be loyal to the emperor. (Original: "汝等宜尽赤心向天子，我事三代主，唯用一好心. 今赐物俱存，此忠孝之报也. 愿汝皆思念之!"). She asked her grandsons to be loyal to the emperor as she did.

Cultural development
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there existed many evil customs in the area where many minority nationalities lived such as the Li people. Many people there did the evil business such as human trafficking. According to the Biography of Wang Sengru in the Book of Liang(《梁书•王僧孺传》), Sengru "was the Prefecture of Nanhai. Every year many boats from overseas docked here because many people were sold in Gaoliang of this county. These foreign businessmen traded their goods for people being sold here. At that time, many businessmen in this county made money by doing this trade. And the officials thought it was normal and didn't take any action to prevent it. (Original: "出为南海太守，郡常有高凉生口及海舶每岁数至，外国贾人以通货易. 旧时州郡以半价就市，又买而即卖，其利数倍，历政以为常"). When Lady Xian came here, she took efforts to promote the Han feudal culture and successfully abolished the evil customs of Li people. She also promoted the ethics of Han nationality. She told the Li people to do more good things and be loyal to the country. Moreover, she encouraged the Han Chinese’s intermarriage to the people of the Li, which greatly promoted the ethnic communication and integration.

Quell the civil disturbances
In 558, Chen Baixian established the Chen Dynasty. Xiao Bo, the feudal provincial of Guangzhou sent out troops to attack Chen. And some other ambitious provincial leaders also started to rise in rebellion. As a result, Lingnan was in chaos caused by wars. Many people in Lingnan lost their houses and became homeless. People lived a hard life. To restore the peace of Lingnan, Lady Xian adopted the strategy named "cure replaced wars". (Original: "治胜于战". She posted notices to warn the governors of nearby counties not to join Xiao. She asked them to focus on the public security. She also tried to persuade those insurrectional leaders to stop the wars. She promised that if they stop the rebellion, she would not punish them. Meanwhile, she made the strict military discipline. If the soldiers committed crimes such as robbing or killing, their heads would be cut off and displaced to the public. This strategy did work. Those rebellious leaders took her advice so the insurgency subsided quickly.

Safeguard national unity
In 548, Hou Jing Rebellion (候景之乱) broke out in the Southern Dynasties, which had a destructive effect on the whole country. In 550, Li Qianshi, the rebellious feudal provincial of Gaozhou returned back to Gaozhou and tried to cheat Feng Pao to be against Chen Baixian, who was against the rebels. Feng Pao was almost cheated by Li and decided to join him. Fortunately, Lady Xian saw through this trick and asked Feng to decline the invitation. Moreover, she used wise strategies to defeat Li Qianshi. She helped Chen Baixian to subside this Hou Jing rebellion. Lady Xian made a great contribution to the unity of Liang Dynasty. Her achievement was recorded in detail in the Book of Sui.

Honored name(封号)
In Liang Dynasty (551), she was granted the honored name "lady of Protection Hou"(保护候夫人) for defeating the rebellious Li Qianshi.

In Chen Dynasty (570), she was given the title of "Shi-Long Taifuren"(石龙太夫人). But in the book of the History of the Northern Dynasties, it wrote that she was given the title of "Taifuren of Gaoliang County"(高凉郡太夫人).

In the Sui Dynasty (589), she got the honored name of "Furen of Songkang County"(宋康郡夫人). In 601, she was granted the name of "Lady of Qiaoguo"(谯国夫人). When she died, she was honored with the posthumous name of "Lady of Chengjing"(诚敬夫人).

In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, she was honored as the "Qingfu Furen"(清福夫人).

In the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor granted her the name of "Xianying Furen"(显应夫人) and "Youfui Furen"(柔惠夫人).

In the Qing Dynasty (1864), the emperor granted her the name of "Ciyou"(慈佑).

Temple of Lady Xian
Lady Xian was greatly honored for her great distribution by many emperors or the masses. So people built temples around the country to commemorate her. By the end of 1940s, there were already several hundred temples in China. They were also built in Malaysia and Vietnam. The first temple was built in the end of Sui Dynasty. The largest and most influential temple is located in Gaozhou. In 2000, Chinese chairman Jiang Zeming came to visit it. In 2002, this temple was announced to be the protection unit of provincial cultural relics by Guangdong Provincial Government. In the annual lunar November 24, people in Gaozhou will come to the temple to worship Lady Xian.