User:123mlw/Racial trauma/Bibliography

Assessments for racial trauma
Williams, M. T., Osman, M., Gran-Ruaz, S., & Lopez, J. (2021). Intersection of Racism and PTSD: Assessment and Treatment of Racial Stress and Trauma. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 1-19.


 * UConn racial/ethnic stress & trauma survey (UnRESTS)
 * Clinician administered
 * Focus on experiences of racism, such as micro and macroaggressions, as well as vicarious experiences of racism
 * Identity development, trauma sxs checklist
 * Should not be used to determine PTSD dx alone
 * Race-Based Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale (RBTSSS)
 * Self-report
 * Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale (TSDS)
 * Racial Trauma Scale (RTS)
 * General Ethnic Discrimination Scale (GEDS)

Treatments for racial trauma

 * Comas-Díaz, L., Hall, G. N., & Neville, H. A. (2019). Racial trauma: Theory, research, and healing: Introduction to the special issue.American Psychologist, 74(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000442

Cultural adaptations of evidence-based and trauma-informed treatments 


 * CBT/TF-CBT 
 * Adapt TF-CBT to include racial socialization or the process of transmitting culture, attitudes, and values to help youth overcome stressors associated with ethnic minority status
 * PE 
 * CPT 
 * Race-based stress and trauma intervention in veterans of color, informed by CBT, DBT, and ACT 
 * Developmental and Ecological Model of Youth Racial Trauma (DEMYth-RT) 
 * Treatment should be culturally relevant, rather than providing a blanket approach for all people of color
 * An anticolonial lens to treating American Indian racial and historical trauma includes healing, promoting resilience, and practicing survival.
 * "Attention to the sociohistorical context of trauma is critical to the healing process for Japanese Americans and others who have shared group experiences of trauma"
 * "Attention to the sociohistorical context of trauma is critical to the healing process for Japanese Americans and others who have shared group experiences of trauma"

Liberation psychology:


 * Goodman, R. (2015). A liberatory approach to trauma counseling: Decolonizing our trauma-informed practices. In Goodman, R. & Gorski, P. (Eds.), Decolonizing “multicultural” counseling through social Justice: International and cultural psychology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1283-4_5
 * Deconstructing historical and sociopolitical contexts is crucial to treatment of trauma in a liberation psychology framework
 * Trauma is impacted by systems and is shaped by sociopolitical contexts
 * Therapists should continuously learn, critically think, and engage in conversation, as well as actively seek out information garnered by community members; by prioritizing their viewpoints, you're allowing the client to self-determine their path to healing (important to considerations of colonialism
 * "The inability to recognize and acknowledge the sort of oppression that we do not personally experience is actually the “dysfunction” that should be addressed"
 * "The way a person who has experienced trauma views the world might be more accurate than the perspectives of people who have not had traumatic experiences."
 * "from a liberatory perspective, resisting oppression is a healthy response to oppressive social conditions, not a “maladaptive” response. In trauma counseling, this resistance can be integral to the healing and recovery process."
 * "Mental health providers should enter into the process of advocacy, activism, and social justice action"
 * Socially conscious therapeutic practice
 * Haddock-Lazala, C. M. (2020). Urban liberation: Postcolonial intersectional feminism and developing a socially conscious therapeutic practice. In L. Comas-Díaz & E. Torres Rivera (Eds.), Liberation psychology: Theory, method, practice, and social justice (pp. 149–168). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000198-009
 * "Urban liberation:" situating mental health praxis as occurring within a Western medical model in a capitalist stratified society and seeks to resist this.
 * Therapists should attend to real material and economic conditions, issues related to institutional and state violence via policing, issues related to the struggle for civil rights, social movements, armed conflict, and the impact of war - actively engaging with the realities of social conflicts when they erupt

Testimonios/Storytelling/Narrative Therapy


 * Chioneso, N. A., Hunter, C. D., Gobin, R. L., McNeil Smith, S., Mendenhall, R., & Neville, H. A. (2020). Community healing and resistance through storytelling: A framework to address racial trauma in Africana communities. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(2-3), 95-121.
 * Testimonio/Narrative therapy:
 * Emphasizing the importance of their story/trauma narrative, or their testimony/testimonio, in the context historical and racial trauma can be effective in empowering the client to reprocess and reform negative thoughts to be more positive