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= María Fernández (scholar)          = María Fernández is an art historian, author, and scholar. She is currently a professor in the History of Art and Visual Studies department at Cornell University.[1] Fernández was an early cyberfeminist and member of the cyberfeminist group subRosa. Fernández has a PhD in Colonial/Postcolonial Art from Columbia University in New York.[2]

Research and Publications
Fernández’s work focuses on digital histories, critical race and postcolonial theories, cyberfeminisms and media arts, and Latin American art and architecture. In the late-1990s and early-2000s, Fernández’s research focused on cyberfeminist practices and the intersection of gender and race in digital contexts. In an interview conducted by Critical Art Ensemble in 1997, Fernández emphasizes the inclusion of artists in postcolonial and digital theories.[3] In the interview, Fernández discusses contemporary issues in platforming marginalized perspectives in fields of new media.[4] In 1999, Fernandez published the essay “Postcolonial Media Theory” which connects postcolonial theory to topics related to new media arts and artmaking.[5] In 2002, Fernández, with subRosa members Faith Wilding and Michelle M. Wright, published an anthology titled ''Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices,'' that reviewed, critiqued, and expanded upon cyberfeminisms from the 90s into the 2000s. In 2014, Fernández published Cosmopolitanism in Mexican Visual Culture, writing on expressions of nationalism in Mexican architecture and art.[6]

Cyberfeminism and subRosa
Fernández was a member of the cyberfeminist collective subRosa, along with Faith Wilding, Hyla Willis, and Michelle M. Wright.[7] The collective was formed from a reading group at Carnegie Mellon University.[8] At the Next Cyberfeminist International in 1999, Fernández and Wilding collaboratively issued statements on cyberfeminisms and introduced reproductive health politics and critical race theory into cyberfeminist discourse.[9] Here, Fernández details a shift in her research, focusing on theoretical discourse in technology and post-colonial studies.[10]

Next Cyberfeminist International, Rotterdam, 8-13 March, 1999.
the Next Cyberfeminist International Reader (a printed documentation of the conference with scholarly contributions) has an essay by Fernandez and Wilding on intersectionality, capitalism, and technology.[11] In this essay, Fernandez and Wilding provide discussion points on cyberfeminist theory and practices: problematizing essentialism in feminism, postcolonial theories, and digital worlds, critiquing biotechnology as it relies on heteronormative and essentialist conceptualization of bodies, and how art can visualize the influence on technology in society.[12]

Very Cyberfeminist International, Hamburg, 13-16 December 2001.
In the Very Cyberfeminist International Reader, Fernandez positions the philosophies and politics of Third World women in cyberfeminist discourses.[13] Here, Fernandez describes technology as an activist tool for connecting women globally.[14]

Anthology of Art, Germany (and online), May 15-31, 2002.
The Anthology of Art (online) engaged art historians globally to write excerpts on important topics in art worlds in the early-2000s. Fernandez’s contribution to the Anthology of Art (online) foregrounds the relationship between virtual worlds and the ‘real’ world as intricately linked through technologies such as surveillance, GPS, and gaming.[15]

Selected Publications

 * Fernández, María. “Reading Posthumanism in Feminist New Media Art.” In A Companion to Feminist Art, edited by Hillary Robinson and Maria Elena Buszek. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2019. 299-314.
 * Fernández, María, ed. Latin American Modernisms and Technology. Trenton: Institute for Comparative Modernities and Africa World Press, 2018.
 * Fernández, María. “Posthumanism, New Materialism, and Feminist Media Art.” Proceedings, ISEA 2016 Hong Kong Cultural R<Evolution, edited by Tapio Leino. Hong Kong: School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, 2016. 275-279.
 * Fernández, María. Cosmopolitanism in Mexican Visual Culture. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2014. (Winner of the 2015 Arvey Book Award by the Association for Latin American Art).
 * Fernández, María. “Detached from HiStory: Jasia Reichardt and Cybernetic Serendipity.” Art Journal (Fall 2008): 6-23.
 * Fernández, María.  “Gordon Pask: Cybernetic Polymath.” Leonardo: Journal of the International Society for the Arts Sciences and Technology 41, no. 2, (April 2008): 162-168.
 * Fernández, María. “Is Cyberfeminism Colorblind?” February 2003. www.artwomen.org
 * Fernández, María.  “Documenta 11: A Critical Perspective,” Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 18 (2003): 48-55.
 * Fernández, María, Faith Wilding, Michelle M Wright, eds. Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices. New York. Autonomedia, 2002.
 * Fernández, María. "Iluminación Postcolonial/Postcoloniality in the Spotlight.” In Alzado Vectorial/Vectorial Elevation, edited by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer. Mexico City: Conaculta y Ediciones San Jorge, 2000. 132-162.
 * Fernández, María. “Postcolonial Media Theory.” Art Journal 58, no. 3 (1999): 11-17.
 * Fernández, María. “Digital Imperialism.” Fuse 21 no. 4 (1998): 37- 45.