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to search "Indian education" redirects here. For other uses, see Indian school. Education in the Republic of India Department of Education Minister of Human Resource Development Ramesh Pokhriyal National education budget (2005–2012) Budget ₹99,100 crore (US$14 billion) General details Primary languages Indian languages, English System type Federal, State or Private Established Compulsory Education 1 April 2010 Literacy (2011[2]) Total 74%[1] Male 82.2% Female 69.5% Enrollment (2011[3][4]) Total (N/A) Primary 95% Secondary 69% Post secondary 25% Education in India is provided by public schools (controlled and funded by three levels: central, state and local) and private schools. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The approximate ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. India has made progress in increasing the attainment rate of primary education. In 2011, Approximately 75% of the population, aged between 7 to 10 years, was literate.[5] India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to its economic development.[6] Much of the progress, especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. While enrollment in higher education has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching a Gross Enrollment Ratio of 24% in 2013,[7] there still remains a significant distance to catch up with tertiary education enrollment levels of developed nations,[8] a challenge that will be necessary to overcome in order to continue to reap a demographic dividend from India's comparatively young population.