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=Taoisigh=

=Anglo Irish Relations=

Leaders of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation since 1991.

=Academic Grading=

Academic grading in Ireland varies with the level of education. There are different scales employed both within second level education and between second level and third level.

Second Level
Second level (or post-primary) education in Ireland is divided into Junior Cycle and Senior Cycle. Junior Cycle consists of the first three years at secondary school with students sitting the Junior Certificate at the end of third year. After third year, schools may offer an additional year known as Transition Year, which is outside of the state examinations framework. The final two years of second level make up the Senior Cycle with students sitting the Leaving Certificate at the end of their final year. The results of the Leaving Certificate determine, for the most part, entrance to third level education.

The State Examinations Commission (SEC) is responsible for both the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate examinations. This includes the setting of exam papers, setting grading systems and guidelines, overseeing the correction of the exams and the publishing of results.

Junior Cycle
The table below shows the current grading system used for the Junior Certificate examinations as set by the SEC: From 2017, a new Junior Cycle framework is being phased in with full implementation due by 2021. This includes a new system of grading as shown below:

Senior Cycle
