User:16912 Rhiannon/Kosmos Energy 2019

Kosmos Energy is an American upstream oil company founded and based in Dallas, Texas. While previously incorporated in Bermuda, Kosmos has reincorporated in Delaware. The company holds production and development operations offshore Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, and Gulf of Mexico, while holding a development project offshore Mauritania and Senegal, and exploration licenses offshore Namibia, São Tomé and Príncipe and Suriname. It was previously involved in exploration offshore Morocco and Western Sahara. It discovered the Jubilee oil field off the coast of Ghana and the cross-border Tortue gas field offshore Mauritania and Senegal. Kosmos was the focus of a documentary Big Men that followed the company as it worked to establish the Jubilee oil field in Ghana.

History
Kosmos Energy was established in 2003 by founding partners James C. Musselman, Brian F. Maxted, W. Greg Dunlevy, and Paul Dailly. Initial backing came from American private equity firms Warburg Pincus and The Blackstone Group.

Kosmos made one of the world's largest recent oil discoveries in June 2007, off the coast of Ghana. The company discovered the Jubilee Oil Field about 60 km offshore. The first oil from the field was produced in 2010. The company and its operations in Ghana, around the time of the Jubilee discovery and work to develop the field, was the focus of Rachel Boynton's 2013 documentary-film Big Men. The documentary was shortened and adapted into a BBC television documentary Storyville: Power, Money, Greed and Oil.

Kosmos went public under the ticker symbol KOS on the New York Stock Exchange on May 10, 2011. The initial public offering raised more than anticipated, selling 33 million shares at $18 each. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange on August 21, 2017.

Kosmos and Chevron reached a deal in June 2012, where subsidiary Chevron Global Energy Inc. received a 50% working interest in Block 45 and Block 42 in Suriname, to boost operations. In May 2016, Kosmos reached a farm-out agreement with a subsidiary of Hess Corp., wherein Hess acquired a 33% non-operated interest in Block 42 from Kosmos and Chevron.

Kosmos began a controversial oil drilling project in the Cap Boujdour area in 2014 off the coast of the disputed territory of Western Sahara. In an article from February 2015, former UN legal counsel Hans Corell stated that exploration activities by Kosmos and Glencore were in violation of the legal opinion he wrote for the UN Security Council. Kosmos responded that its operations complied with international law and were consistent with the UN opinion. Kosmos officials also told media it recognized that its work in the area must occur alongside UN-led mediation.

The company said local populations in Western Sahara would benefit from the economic development of the region. A Kosmos official told Reuters, "If we are successful, we believe responsible resource development has the potential to create significant social and economic benefits for Western Sahara and its people. We have worked in close partnership with Morocco — as the de facto administering power of the territory. They have a vital role to play in ensuring benefit sharing, among other important issues, will happen should we be successful".

In 2016, Norway's Council on Ethics recommended that the country's Government Pension Fund Global exclude Kosmos Energy and Cairn Energy Plc. from its investment portfolio due to their activities in Western Sahara. In June 2016, the Financial Times quoted Kosmos correspondence with the Council on Ethics: "We fundamentally disagree with the council's assessment of our activities offshore Western Sahara, where we have spent considerable time on the ground working with local people to understand their views of oil and gas exploration. The council's decision fails to recognize that people in Western Sahara—whom we have met in hundreds of face-to-face conversations—want the economic opportunities that come from increased foreign investment." Later, in February 2018, Kosmos announced its withdrawal from Morocco and Western Sahara, marking the end of 17 years of companies in the oil sector there.

Kosmos made two significant gas discoveries offshore Mauritania in 2015. Kosmos discovered gas at its Tortue-1 exploration well in Block C-8 in April 2015, followed by another gas discovery in its Marsouin-1 exploration well, which was later renamed Bir Allah, in the northern part of Block C-8. A few kilometers south of Tortue-1, Kosmos Energy discovered gas at its Guembeul-1 exploration well offshore Senegal in January 2016.

The company continued to make gas discoveries in 2016 and 2017, including significant natural gas resources at the Teranga-1 exploration well offshore Senegal in 2016. In December 2016, Kosmos and BP entered a partnership in Mauritania and Senegal. BP acquired a 62% working interest, including operatorship, of Kosmos' exploration blocks in Mauritania and a 32.49% effective working interest in Kosmos' Senegal exploration blocks. The chain of ownership through which BP acquired the blocks was examined in a BBC Panorama documentary in June 2019. The programme alleged corruption in dealings over the blocks before they were acquired by Kosmos, resulting in allegedly disproportionate royalties paid by BP to businessman Frank Timis. Both Kosmos and BP deny wrongdoing.

In May 2017, the two companies made a major discovery off the coast of Senegal while drilling the Yakaar-1 exploration well.

Senegal and Mauritania signed a cooperation agreement to allow for Kosmos and BP to develop gas resources shared by the two counties in February 2018. BP and Kosmos made a final investment decision on the Tortue project in December 2018, leading to the first phase of the Tortue LNG development.

Kosmos Energy acquired Deep Gulf Energy from a private equity owner for $1.23 billion, expanding Kosmos' oil and gas operations into the Gulf of Mexico, in August 2018. In December 2018, Kosmos was reincorporated in Delaware. Previously, it was incorporated in Bermuda.

Ghana
Kosmos Energy discovered the Jubilee Oil Field in 2007. It owns a 24.1% stake in Jubilee Oil Field. The field is estimated to hold up to 1 Goilbbl of oil and 800 e9cuft of natural gas. , the Jubilee field produces about 100000 oilbbl/d of oil. United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton reportedly advocated for Kosmos and other U.S.-based oil companies in Ghana as Kosmos began development of the Jubilee field.

In addition to Jubilee, Kosmos is a partner on the TEN (Tweneboa, Enyenra and Ntomme) project developing the Tweneboa, Enyenra, and Ntomme hydrocarbon accumulations. Kosmos holds a 17% stake in the TEN, which sits approximately 30 mi offshore Ghana. Oil first flowed from TEN in 2016.

Senegal
Kosmos operates in the Cayar and St. Louis blocks offshore Senegal. It holds a 32.51% interest in each of its two exploration licenses.

Kosmos and BP have a farm-out agreement over the joint gas discovery in Mauritania and Senegal, as well as future exploration. Under the deal, Kosmos focuses on exploration, while BP controls development and production operations. The two companies have discovered an estimated 15 e12cuft of gross Pmean gas resource at the Yakaar-1 exploration well. At the end of 2018, Kosmos Energy announced a final investment decision for phase 1 of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim LNG Project alongside BP. In September 2019, Kosmos Energy confirmed gas resources at the Yakaar-2 appraisal well.

Mauritania
In Mauritania, Kosmos holds 28% stakes in four blocks. It made a significant gas discovery at its Tortue-1 well in Block C-8, offshore Mauritania, in April 2015. The well was drilled to test the Tortue West prospect, forming a part of the Greater Tortue complex. Its next discovery offshore came at Kosmos' Marsouin-1 exploration well, later renamed Bir Allah, in the northern part of Block C-8. With results from its Ahmeyim-2 appraisal well, Kosmos estimated the Tortue West contains 15 e12cuft of gas, and the Greater Tortue Complex contains more than 20 e12cuft. Company officials said this discovery confirmed that the Tortue gas resource, which is also called Ahmeyim, straddles the maritime boundary between Senegal and Mauritania. At the end of 2018, Kosmos Energy announced a final investment decision for phase 1 of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim LNG Project alongside BP.

Suriname
In Suriname, Kosmos operates in two exploration license areas. It holds a 50% interest in Block 45 and a 33% interest in Block 42. In 2018, it abandoned two exploration wells, Anapai-1A in Block 45 and Pontoenoe-1 in Block 42, because the company failed to find hydrocarbons.

Sao Tome and Principe
Kosmos has ownership interests in six blocks offshore Sao Tome and Principe, including two blocks where Kosmos partners with BP. In 2018, Kosmos announced it would explore a number of blocks offshore with Royal Dutch Shell.

With Galp, Kosmos ordered a 3D seismic survey of a large stretch of ocean floor. According to The Wall Street Journal, the survey was "one of the biggest offshore oil exploration efforts of its kind in the region". The survey was completed on August 20, 2017.

Gulf of Mexico
Kosmos Energy entered the deepwater Gulf of Mexico in August 2018 when it acquired Deep Gulf Energy from First Reserve, a private equity firm, for $1.23 billion. Kosmos Energy paid $925 million in cash and $300 million in common stock to acquire DGE. As a result, Kosmos Energy increased its daily production by more than 50% to 70,000 barrels of oil equivalent; estimated reserves increased 40% to 280 million barrels of oil equivalent.

Morocco and Western Sahara
As operator, Kosmos held a 55% interest of the Boujdour Maritime block and 75% interest of the Essaouira block. In October 2013, Kosmos reached a farm-out deal with Cairn Energy subsidiary Capricorn Exploration & Development Company Ltd. Under the deal, Cairn took a 20% non-operated interest in Boujdour Maritime block.

The license of the Boujdour block was signed with the Moroccan state oil company ONHYM.

Kosmos announced in May 2014 it would plug and abandon its FA-1 well in the Foum Assaka Offshore block. While it did not find oil, the company said there was evidence of a working petroleum system and the well provided important seismic calibration details. These details were incorporated into the company's petroleum system analysis.

On March 2, 2015, Kosmos Energy said its CB-1 exploration well in Cap Boujdour made a small discovery. The discovery was noncommercial, and the well was plugged and abandoned in February 2018.

Equatorial Guinea
In October 2017, Kosmos entered a 50:50 joint venture with Trident Energy to acquire Hess Corporation's interest in the Ceiba Field and Okume Complex assets offshore Equatorial Guinea. Kosmos also has interests in exploration blocks offshore Equatorial Guinea.

Congo-Brazzaville
Kosmos Energy has an offshore license in Congo-Brazzaville for the Marine XXI block, which covers more than 2,300 square km. Kosmos Energy signed a production sharing agreement with Congo-Brazzaville and the Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo.

Namibia
In 2018, Kosmos Energy partnered with Royal Dutch Shell to explore blocks offshore Namibia.

Corporate affairs
Kosmos Energy is headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and incorporated in Delaware. It trades on the New York and London stock exchanges under the ticker symbol KOS and, as of 2018, employed about 380 workers globally.

Governance
The company is governed by a board of directors. Its executive leadership includes chairman and CEO Andrew G. Inglis, Chief Exploration Officer Tracey Henderson, and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Thomas P. Chambers.

Other initiatives
In Dallas, Kosmos gave $450,000 to the Perot Museum of Nature and Science, creating the Kosmos Energy STEM Teacher Institute Kosmos also supports the Dallas Museum of Art. It is the presenting sponsor of the Keir Collection of Islamic Art.

In Ghana, the company established the Kosmos Innovation Center in 2016, offering entrepreneurship programs to help diversify Ghana's economy, including the agriculture industry specifically. Among the center's projects is the AgriTech Challenge, which invites young innovators to develop programs to develop commercial agriculture in Ghana. In 2017, the AgriTech Challenge attracted 400 participants. In addition, Kosmos has worked with the Safe Water Network to provide residents in Western Ghana with access to clean water.

The company has partnered with an NGO, Le Partenariat, to sponsor programs in Senegal to improve the environment. In 2018, Kosmos Innovation Center launched a start-up accelerator program in Senegal.

Kosmos donated $67,500 worth of equipment to Polytechnic College of Suriname in 2016, to be used in its undergraduate Mechanical Engineering and Infrastructure programs. In 2017, the company donated $56,600 worth of equipment for students studying mineral production at Anton de Kom University of Suriname. Kosmos has worked with international security company Safe Start to develop and deliver a safety training program for technical schools in the country.