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Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopy "Foraminoscopy" Definition: Percutaneous Endoscopic Techniques first defined by Parwiz Kambin and Sadahisa Hijikata. It is a Minimal Invasive surgical method had defined almost all surgical or medical fields same manner. Minimal invasive surgery aims to reduce tissue trauma, bleeding and to improve healing process of body without damage. Briefly Endoscopic spine surgery consist of three pillars 1. It is "Percutaneous Surgery", incision is less than 15mm. 2. It is Endoscopic Surgery with or without image intensifier and Navigation assistance 3. Performed via Anatomical portals or defined safe corridors (Kambin's Triangle) or intermuscular safe passages must be used. It avoid to damage vascular, neural and visceral tissues. Percutaneous Endoscopic spine surgery is the main subject of the minimal invasive spine surgery. It is defined and reported first time independently by Dr Parwiz Kambin (USA) and  Dr.Sadahisa Hijikata (Japan) in 1973. Dr Kambin defined safe triangle which is called his name. Following these authors Dr Schreiber at all (Hansjörg Leu, Suezawa) used an arthroscope into the intervertebral disc and reported their experience as titled "discoscopy" in 1989. Minimal invasive spine communities was founded by the pioneers such as ISMISS, WCMIST, PASMISS, IMLAS, ITSS, Wenmiss and AAMISS. ISMISS is one of the former society which is founded by Kambin, Schrieber at all in Zurich. The society was published MISS Guideline in web site below References 1Leu H, Schreiber A. Endoskopie der Wirbelsäule: minimal-invasive Therapie [Endoscopy of the spine: minimally invasive therapy]. Orthopade. 1992 Aug;21(4):267-72. German. PMID: 1408118. 2.Li H, Wang S, Tang J, Wu J, Liu Y. Computed Tomography- (CT-) Based Virtual Surgery Planning for Spinal Intervertebral Foraminal Assisted Clinical Treatment. J Healthc Eng. 2021 Mar 6;2021:5521916. doi: 10.1155/2021/5521916. PMID: 33747415; PMCID: PMC7960066. 3.Kambin P; NASS. Arthroscopic microdiscectomy. Spine J. 2003 May-Jun;3(3 Suppl):60S-64S. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00558-2. PMID: 14589219. External links[edit source] The International Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery Turkish Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery
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