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Aussie Rules football game
The Australian Football League is the biggest professional Australian Rules football League in the world. The league consists of eighteen teams. Nine of these teams are based in Melbourne, one in regional Victoria and eight based around other Australian states. Every Aussie Rules match follows the same format. It has to be completed between two teams, each of which has to have 18 players, and four interchange players to play the game. AFL is considered a contact sport. AFL is held outdoors on a large oval and is played with an oval-shaped ball. At each end of the oval are two tall posts and two small posts and the overall aim of AFL is to kick the ball in-between the two tall posts and to prevent the other team from doing the same. There are four quarters in a game and at the end of every quarter teams switch ends. The winner of the game is the team with the most goals or points kicked (a goal is worth 6 points and a point is worth 1 point).





Positions on the AFL Football field
Back pocket, Fullback, Back pocket. These players are defensive plays whose objective is to stop the opposition form scoring. Half-back flank, Centre half-back, Half-back flank. These players are defensive plays whose objective is to stop the opposition form scoring. Wing, Centre, Wing. These plays play both ends of the ground. Half-forward flank, Centre half-forward, Half-forward flank. These plays are to score as many goals as possible. Forward pocket, Full-forward, Forward pocket. These plays are to score as many goals as possible. Ruckman, Ruck rover, Rover. These plays follow the ball everywhere and get the ball into their forward 50.

Equipment used on an AFL Football field
The game is played using an oval shaped red or yellow Aussie Rules Football. A red ball is used for day matches and a yellow ball is used for night matches. Football players wear football boots with studs inserted in the sole, shorts with the team colors on them, and a football jumper known as a guernsey.

Basic AFL Rules
1. You can bounce the ball as many times as you like.

2. You can’t tackle people over the shoulders or trip them over.

3. You are not allowed to throw the football.

4. You are not allowed to swear.

5. Whatever the umpire says goes.

6. No fighting with your opponent.

7. When you are playing you have to take all piercings out.

8. When the opposition marks the ball someone has to stand where the person marked it.

9. After you have run 15 metres with the ball you have to bounce it otherwise it will be a free to the opposition.

10. When you are tackled you have to kick or handball the ball away.

11. You can run anywhere when you don’t have the ball.

Umpires
Each football game is overseen by an umpire who starts the match after a siren goes off by bouncing the ball on the ground in the middle of the oval. Every match there are three field umpires, four boundary umpires who throw the ball in once the ball is out of play and two goal umpires who are the official score-keepers. There is also an emergency umpire who can immediately replace any of the umpires if needed.

Free Kicks
Free kicks are awarded by the umpire the player who has caused the free kick stands the mark while the person with the ball on the other team moves back to kick the ball over the player standing on the mark. Some of the reasons for a free kick to be awarded are: • Holding the ball: When a player does not dispose of the ball when tackled.

• Running too far while carrying the ball.

• High tackling: Tackling a player above the shoulder.

• Holding the man: Holding/tackling a player who does not have the ball.

• Tripping: Tackling a player below the knees.

• Pushing in the back.

• Chopping the arms:

• Spoiling a mark by restricting an opponent’s arm.

• Out on the full: When the ball is kicked and travels over the boundary line before bouncing.

• Deliberate out of bounds: When a player deliberately forces the ball out of bounds.

• Throwing: When a player throws the ball instead of handballing it.

• Illegal shepherd: When a player is unfairly stopped from approaching the ball.

• Kicking in danger: When a player kicks an opponent while attempting to kick the ball off the ground.

Kicking a Football
In AFL kicking is the most common way of getting the ball up the field.

• Drop Punt: The most used kick where the ball is dropped vertically and kicked before it hits the ground. As the ball moves through the air it spins backwards and easier for a teammate to mark.

• Torpedo Punt: Is harder to catch as it spins on its long axis but is used because it can travel slightly further.

• Banana Kick: it bends away from the body and is often used for a set shot on goal with a narrow angle. It comes off the inside of the boot with the ball spinning in the opposite direction to the swing of the leg.

Marking the Football
Marking is when a player catches a ball which has been kicked and travelled over 15 metres without being touched by a person or the ground. After a mark has been awarded the player is able to take a kick or handball without interference from the opposition. • Overhead Mark: Catching the ball with hands above the head.

• Contested Mark: Catching the ball against one or more opponents who are also attempting to mark the ball.

• High Mark: Catching the ball while jumping.

• Spectacular Mark: Often named ‘screamer’ or ‘speckie’, is when the player catches the ball in the air using their legs to elevate themselves further by springing off the back of another player on the oval.

• Chest Mark: Catching the ball on the chest. Out in front of body: Catching the ball with arms extended in front of the body.

• Diving Mark: Catching the ball when jumping horizontally. With the flight of the ball: Catching the ball when running in the same direction the ball is travelling in.

• Juggled Mark: Catching the ball with two or more touches to gain control.

Tackling the Player
When tackling the person conducting the tackle must do so below the opponent’s shoulders and above the knees of the person they are tackling and that player can be thrown to the ground. The tackler is not allowed to push in the back when tackling. Examples of tackles are:

• Perfect Tackle: Conducted when the opposition has had prior opportunity to dispose the ball but makes it impossible for them to do so.

• Gang Tackle: When a player is tackled by more than one opponent at the same time.

• Broken Tackle: When the player being tackled is able to break free from it.

• Wing Tackle: When an arm is pinned in a tackle.

Shepherding the Opponent
Shepherding is a technique used in AFL to prevent a player from the opposing side to gain possession of the ball or from tackling a team mate. Shepherding is legal in AFL and can occur even if a player is not in possession of the ball. Normally shepherding is carried out by a player using their body to stop their opponent from reaching a contest. Another form of shepherding is bumping which is when a player uses their hip and shoulder to bump another player not using their arms. This technique can be carried out by anyone against any opponent as long as they are within five metres of the ball.

Football History
Australian Rules Football was invented in Melbourne, Australia and the first match was organised and refereed by Thomas Wills and contested on 31st July 1858. The game was played between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, next to the Melbourne Cricket Ground at the Richmond Paddock. The oldest surviving set of rules of Australian Rules Football were drawn up on 17th May 1859, three days after the formation of the Melbourne Football Club. When Thomas Wills came to Australia, he suggested that football would be a good sport to do to keep cricketers fit in the off-season. Thomas Wills played a big part in getting this game off the ground. He worked with others to invent the game of football, as a player, captain and umpire. Thomas Wills did as much as anybody to make the new game popular and to shape the new rules. Australian Football is now played in at least 32 countries outside Australia. Its popularity shows no sign of fading. The Grand Final held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in September each year is watched by millions of people worldwide.

The Victorian Football League was created in 1896 when six of the most powerful clubs in Victoria at the time being Essendon, Geelong, Fitzroy, Collingwood, Melbourne and South Melbourne broke away from the established Victorian Football Association (VFA) to create the new league called the Victorian Football League (VFL). These six clubs invited two more strong VFA clubs Carlton and St Kilda to join the league at the start of the season in 1897. Among the biggest changes were,

• An annual finals tournament was created rather than awarding the premiership directly to the team with the best record through the season.

• And the establishment of the modern scoring system in which six points were scored for a goal and one point was scored for a behind.

Even though the Victorian Football League and the Victorian Football Association continued to play for spectators for many years, the VFL quickly established itself as the top league in Victoria. In the early years of the VFL, Fitzroy and Collingwood were the powerful teams. At the coming of Jack Worrall as coach of Carlton in 1903 this began a powerful period, during which Carlton won three flags in a row starting from 1906 to 1908. Essendon won flags in 1911 and 1912 also under Jack Worrall's coaching.

In 1908 the VFL expanded to ten teams with Richmond coming across from the VFA and University from Metropolitan Football Association but University after three promising seasons, won only one of its last seventy-six matches and its already thin ranks were so small it disbanded at the end of 1914.

In 1919 the VFL established a seconds/reserves competition to run alongside the senior competition. In 1925 the VFL went from nine teams to twelve with Footscray, Hawthorn and North Melbourne each coming across from the VFA. The conditions to join the League for new clubs were very tough, especially the conditions put on North Melbourne which was forced to give up its whole playing zone to Essendon. As a result North Melbourne and Hawthorn were very weak in the VFL for a very long period. North Melbourne could not win more than eight games in a season until 1944 and Hawthorn only once won more than seven games until 1954. Between these two teams Hawthorn and North Melbourne finished in last place fifteen in twenty-nine years from their arrival. Footscray adapted to the VFL with the most ease of the three clubs and by 1928 were well off the bottom of the ladder.

In 1946, the VFL created an Under 19s grade of competition to run alongside the seniors and reserves. In 1952, the VFL hosted 'National Day' when all six matches were played outside of Melbourne. Matches were played at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brisbane Exhibition Ground, North Hobart Oval, Albury Sports Ground and Victorian country towns, Yallourn and Euroa. Geelong was the top team at the beginning of the 1950s, winning the Premiership in 1951 then setting a long lasting record of 23 consecutive wins starting in Round 12, 1952 and ending in Round 13, 1953, this was a great time for Geelong. This streak included the 1952 Premiership. Footscray became the first of the teams that came to the VFL in 1925 to win the premiership in 1954.

Television coverage began in 1957. At first, several channels broadcasting different games. However when the VFL found that television was reducing crowds, it decided that no coverage was to be allowed for 1960. In 1961, replays of the Melbourne games were introduced but direct telecasts were rarely permitted in Melbourne.

Hawthorn won its first premiership in 1961 by beating Footscray. Melbourne extended its success from the 1950s by winning the premiership in 1964 but its success ended abruptly when Barassi was recruited by Carlton. Melbourne would not return to the finals for twenty three years and to current date they have not won another premiership. St Kilda which had never won a VFL or VFA premiership in more than 93 years in the competition won its first and only premiership in 1966, in a famous Grand Final victory against Collingwood that they won by one point.

Carlton and Richmond won three premierships between each other in 1968–1974 also facing each other in three of these Grand Finals. North Melbourne after struggling for most of its time in the VFL finally won its first premiership in 1975 and contesting the Grand Final each year from 1974–1978, winning two premierships. Three of those matchers were against fellow 1925 new team Hawthorn, who also won two premierships. Carlton won three premierships in four years from 1979–1982. Changes to the rules throughout the 70s included:

• The finals series was expanded from four teams to five in 1972.

• The introduction of the centre diamond later changed to a square to limit the number of players allowed around the centre bounce to four per team.

• A second field umpire introduced in 1976.

• The introduction of an unlimited interchange in 1978, replacing substitution, which had been in place previously.

The 1980s was a period of major structural change in Australian football around the country. The VFL was the most popular and dominant of the state leagues around the country in ways of overall attendance, public interest and money and began to look towards expanding outside Victoria. The VFL and its top clubs already had the buying power to recruit top players from interstate. As a result of this rising costs were driving some of Victoria's weaker clubs into financial trouble.

South Melbourne became the first struggling VFL club to reach breaking point and the club moved to Sydney to become the Sydney Swans in 1982 under the private ownership of a wealthy man named Dr Geoffrey Edelsten. During the mid-1980’s Sydney became a successful team on-field. In 1986 the West Australian Football League and Queensland Australian Football League were awarded licences to join the VFL as expansion teams. This lead to the establishment of the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Bears who both joined the league in 1987. These expansion team licences were awarded on payment of multi-million dollar fees which were not required of the existing VFL clubs. In 1989, financial troubles nearly forced Footscray and Fitzroy to merge but a fundraising event from Footscray supporters stopped the proposed merger at the eleventh hour.

The 1980s first saw new regular timeslots for VFL matches. VFL matches had previously been played on Saturday afternoons but Sydney began playing its home matches on Sunday afternoons and North Melbourne pioneered playing matches on Friday nights. Since then these have become regular times for all teams.

The first National Draft was introduced in 1986 and a salary cap was introduced in 1987. Over the following decade, these changes helped to equalise the clubs, minimising the ability for the richer clubs to dominate the league. On-field the 1980s were dominated by Hawthorn, Essendon and Carlton. Hawthorn contested seven consecutive Grand Finals and four flags were won. Carlton contested four Grand Finals and won three flags and Essendon contested three consecutive Grand Finals, all against Hawthorn, winning two flags and establishing a bitter rivalry. In the process Carlton and Essendon both passed Collingwood in terms of the number of premierships won since 1982. Carlton has continuously been the team with most premierships won, holding the contest for the most flags with Essendon for much of the time. The 1989 Grand Final between Hawthorn and Geelong is considered one of the finest Grand Finals with many strong physical encounters, a joint Grand Final record nine goals by Geelong's Gary Ablett senior and Geelong coming back from a 36-point deficit at three quarter time to fall six points short of victory.

The League was officially renamed the Australian Football League (AFL) in the 1990's to show the brand new national league. The VFA later took over the Victorian Football League name in 1996. AFL gave up control over its Victorian minor teams at the end of 1991. Clubs continued to field reserves teams in the independent Victorian State Football League. A whole new under-18s competition was coming to life with new, zone-based clubs. Collingwood won the AFL Premiership in 1990 ending their 32-year premiership drought.

In 1990 the SANFL's most successful club Port Adelaide made a bid for an AFL licence. In response the SANFL made its first South Australian team called the Adelaide Crows which was awarded the licence and joined the league in 1991. The same year saw the West Coast Eagles become the first interstate club to reach the Grand Final, losing to Hawthorn. The Eagles would then win the premiership in 1992 and 1994. In 199, the Fremantle Football Club was formed in Western Australia and joined in the AFL in 1995 becoming the fifth interstate club to join the league.

In 1996 several Victorian clubs were in severe financial difficulties. The worst hit was Fitzroy and Hawthorn. Hawthorn had proposed to merge with Melbourne to form the Melbourne Hawks but the merger fell through and both teams continued as separate teams. The club of Fitzroy was too weak to continue by itself so the club also nearly merged with North Melbourne to form the Fitzroy-North Melbourne Kangaroos but the other clubs voted against it so the club merged with Brisbane to become the Brisbane Lions. Fitzroy played its last match at the end of 1996. With the Brisbane-Fitzroy merger Port Adelaide was awarded an AFL licence and joined the league in 1997. The AFL rejected bids from Queensland club Southport Sharks and the Tasmanian government to enter teams.

During the 1990’s there was a significant trend of Melbourne based teams abandoning the use of their small capacity grounds of 20,000–30,000 in favour of the larger grounds like the MCG and Waverley Park. The 1990’s saw the last matches played at Windy Hill (Essendon), Moorabbin Oval (St Kilda), Western Oval (Footscray) and Victoria Park (Collingwood) and saw Princes Park abandoned by its long-term team Hawthorn. The use of only two venues in Melbourne was finally completed in 2005 when Carlton abandoned the use of Princes Park.

In 1999, the league sold Waverley Park stadium and used the funds to begin construction of a brand new stadium in Melbourne's Docklands. The AFL changed the AFL logo in 2000. Rival teams Collingwood and Carlton played a pre-season match on New Year's Eve 1999. The newly built Docklands Stadium had its first match in Round 1 2000 and this was the first AFL match played under a retractable roof.

The early stage of the 2000’s was taken over by Essendon, Brisbane and Port Adelaide who fought for the five flags from 2000 to 2004. Essendon won minor premierships in 1999 to 2001 but only took home the 2000 season premiership. Essendon's 2000 season was an exciting year with a win-loss record of 24–1 across the home and away season and finals the best ever recorded. Brisbane fought in four consecutive Grand Finals, winning three of them in 2001 to 2003. Port Adelaide won minor premierships in 2002 to 2004 and fought though for its first premiership in the 2004. The take-over of interstate clubs continued for six consecutive flags.

Several teams made a regular appearance in other parts of Australia during the 21st century, generally by playing between one and four home matches in the alternative location. Among the notable contracts included Hawthorn (Launceston), St Kilda (Launceston and Wellington), North Melbourne (Gold Coast, Canberra and Hobart), Richmond (Cairns), Port Adelaide (Darwin) and the Western Bulldogs (Darwin).

In the late 2000’s the AFL wanted to establish a permanent team on the Gold Coast which was fast becoming a major population centre. North Melbourne who was in financial difficulty and had also played a few home games on the Gold Coast in previous years was offered significant subsidies to relocate to the Gold Coast but the club declined and stayed in Melbourne. The AFL then began work to create a club on the Gold Coast as a new expansion team. The Gold Coast Suns were created and joined the AFL in 2011 as the 17th team. The Greater Western Sydney Giants were created and entered the league as the 18th team in 2012. Not long ago St Kilda hosted Sydney in New Zealand on Anzac Day in 2013. This was the first match played for premiership points outside Australia.

Tatura Football Club History
Tatura has the honour of being the Goulburn Valley’s Football League’s longest serving club. It has missed only one season and that was in 1940, because many young men from the area fought in the Second World War. The Tatura Football Club was established in 1894 with the aim of giving the town of Tatura a Goulburn Valley Football team. The side was competitive right from the outset and won its first premiership in 1898.

Over the next seven seasons it proved to be the measure of competition winning five further flags. On the individual playing front there have been a number of noteworthy achievements. ‘Freddo’ McMahon was a fine all round footballer who topped the goal kicking list in 1966 with 63 goals but probably his greatest accomplishment was becoming the first ever GVFL player to play 300 senior games. John Greenwood who could play in most positions on the field and was renowned for his spectacular high marking, arrived in Tatura as a twenty-five year old in 1969, having played previously with Footscray, Castlemaine, Daylesford and South Melbourne. His consistent brilliance both that year and the next couple of years earned him successive Morrison Medals.

Tatura has produced a number of players who later embarked on successful careers in other major state competitions. The earliest of these was Archie Wilson whose promising Carlton career was shortened when he took part in the Great War. Others included Bill Pritchard (Tatura’s 1947 Morrison Medallist who played with Geelong before returning to help his home town club to the 1952 and 1953 premierships), Peter Warburton (Carlton), Bruce Baker (Fitzroy), and Adrian Battiston (Melbourne and Sydney).

Tatura’s 1953 premiership win was one of the most dramatic in GVFL history. Tatura needed to beat Kyabram in their last round of the season in order to qualify for the finals. Against all the odds they then managed to overturn the form book in both the first semi-final and the preliminary final to scrape their way through to a grand final clash with City United. Yet again Tatura were rank underdogs but they produced another fine display in a thrilling match. A draw occurred in the first grand final play off and in the replay the Bulldogs with their tails up saw them playing some of their best football of the season to secure their second successive flag.

After the 1953 premiership success Tatura went almost four decades without even contesting a grand final. The drought was eventually broken in 1992 but Rochester snatched victory by a point. Three years later the wait for a flag finally came to an end when under the strong coaching of Paul Hawke, the Bulldogs proved that they were the best team in the competition after convincing wins over Echuca in both the semi-final and the grand final. Tatura won the match by 76 points, 23.13 (151) to 10.15 (75), after leading at every change by 15, 33 and 39 points.

Since 1995 Tatura has achieved two further flag triumphs, thrashing Rochester by 53 points in the 1998 grand final. The Bulldogs also reached the grand final in 2004, but lost badly to Seymour and then Tatura bulldogs were in the grand final in 2012 and they were up against the Seymour lions. Tatura won 10.11-71 to Seymour 5.13-43.