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Massacre[edit]
IdentifyOn 12 February 1942 the Sarawak royal yacht Vyner Brooke left Singapore just before the city fell to the Imperial Japanese Army. The ship carried many injured service personnel and 65 nurses of the Australian Army Nursing Service from the 2/13th Australian General Hospital, as well as civilian men, women and children. The ship was bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank. Two nurses were killed in the bombing; the rest were scattered among the rescue boats to wash up on different parts of Bangka Island. About 100 survivors reunited near Radjik Beach at Bangka Island, in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), including 22 of the original 65 nurses. Once it was discovered that the island was held by the Japanese, an officer of the Vyner Brooke went to surrender the group to the authorities in Muntok. While he was away army matron Irene Melville Drummond, the most senior of the nurses, suggested that the civilian women and children should leave for Muntok, which they did. The nurses stayed to care for the wounded. They set up a shelter with a large Red Cross sign on it.

At mid-morning the ship’s officer returned with about 20 Japanese soldiers. They ordered all the wounded men capable of walking to travel around a headland. The nurses heard a quick succession of shots before the Japanese soldiers came back, sat down in front of the women and cleaned their bayonets and rifles. A Japanese officer ordered the remaining 22 nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. A machine gun was set up on the beach and when the women were waist deep, they were machine-gunned. All but Sister Lt Vivian Bullwinkel were killed. Wounded soldiers left on stretchers were then bayoneted and killed.[citation needed]

Shot in the diaphragm, Bullwinkel lay motionless in the water until the sound of troops had disappeared. She crawled into the bush and lay unconscious for several days. When she awoke, she encountered Private Patrick Kingsley, a British soldier who had been one of the wounded from the ship, and had been bayoneted by the Japanese soldiers but survived. She dressed his wounds and her own, and then 12 days later they surrendered to the Japanese. Kingsley died before reaching a POW camp, but Bullwinkel spent 3 years in one. She survived the war and gave evidence of the massacre at a war crimes trial in Tokyo in 1947.

'''[I am adding the section "Effects of the Massacre" below because this information is missing from the existing page]. Currently, there is general information about the massacre that took place on February16, 1942 by Imperial Japanese soldiers. On that dreadful day, Japanese soldiers brutally gunned down 22 Austrian nurses along with 60 Austrian-British soldiers. During the massacre, 1 soldier survived and one nurse. This Wikipedia entry will be expanded by highlighting these survivors. Vivian Bullwinkel was the only nurse who survived along with Private Patrick Kingsley, a British soldier who survived despite being bayonetted by the Japanese soldiers. Both the lives of Bullwinkel and Kingsley are worthy to be noted and their lives revealed.'''

'''Are these additions below all yours? What are the sources?'''

Vivian Bullwinkel
Vivian Bullwinkel was born in a small town located in South Australia. She later trained Broken Hill located in New South Wales to become a nurse. In 1941, at age 25, she joined the Australian Army Nursing Service, where she eventually was placed at the 13th Australian General Hospital and then sailed for Malaya. She was posted to the 13th Australian General Hospital and sailed for Malaya. Faced with the Japanese invasion of the Malay Peninsula, the hospital shifted to Singapore Island in January 1942.

Patrick Kingsley
== Bullwinkel's Experience == The post trauma that Bullwinkel faced will never be fully understood. Everyone reacts differently, leaving the process of treatment complicated and the healing time unknown. Depending on the person, they may find speaking about the trauma favorable and healing while for others, the recollection of or retelling of the story my cause even more trauma for the survivor.

The Japanese controlled the island Bangka island and managed various prisoner of war camps, including at Muntok. The Red Cross on these nurses's sleeves meant absolutely nothing to the assailants, as no sort of mercy was shown to these innocent women.

The Attack
They (who?) were told (p.v.) to move onward into the sea just to be inhumanely gunned down from behind by their captors, who coldheartedly paddled into the Bangka with a bayonet to finish off any women still living to bayonet to death any women still alive. After a source spoke with Bullwinkel, she told them that the sea neighboring the women was filled with blood coming from the body of Bullwinkel, along with the bodies of her former companions. She explained that she could taste the blood in the water as she eventually uncontrollably began to swallow it. (Sources; make sure these are in your own words)

Surprised by the fact that she was still living after being shot, Bullwinkel faked her death. While injured she tried her best to stay afloat while remaining still. She tried her best not to cough or vomit and through it all she survived. On February 16, 1942, a part of her died. (How do you know this? Source?)

Bullwinkel described that before the slaying of others, she lay by the sand in complete silence. The Japanese men walked away briefly and when returning, they continued to wipe their bayonets and Bullwinkel recounted how she had no emotion to the situation. At this point, she was beyond shocked. The Japanese came and stood in front of the them motioning them to go into the sea. With their backs turned, they walked into a death trap. Apparently they knew what was going to happen and in these last few moments, Bullwinkel thought out an apology to her mother who would never know what happened to her daughter. After had laying there she conceivably thought how something so cruel could have managed to happen "in such a beautiful place". After shots were fired, she described the how exertion of the bullet along with the help of the waves in the water; knocked her to her feet. She lay there until the waves brought her to the shoal. Finally able to sit up, Bullwinkel looked around only to see that the Japanese as well as the women were nowhere to be found; so she got up and went in search for the closest village. She recalled another moment where she woke up in need of water but was glad that her body was too tired to move because shortly after, she saw a line of helmets and bayonets going down towards the beach which she was going to drink from. Had Bullwinkel gotten up for a drink of water, she would have lost her life immediately. After the men disappeared, she got up for a drink of water when Kingsley asked her where she had been. The top part of his arm had been blown off and his abdomen had been wounded. After meeting, they were not sure what to do next so they argued about where the best place to go was. Finally, Bullwinkel got her way and they both headed back to wear Bullwinkel initially was; which she described as a the "jungle". When they arrived, she took bark from the trees and placed them on Kingsley's wounds, paying little attention to her own wound because the salt water had done all the cleaning. Her wound ended up healing perfectly. '''Need more than just this one citation. Where does the rest of the information come from? The quote? Also, how is this connected to human rights?'''

CITATIONS (FOUR - FIND MORE and proper cite full information Chicago format); FIRST TWO PARAGRAPHS MOVE; MAKE SURE THE SECTION BLOODY WATER IS TOLD FROM BULWINKEL'S PERSPECTIVE

Bullwinkel after the Massacre
Had Bullwinkel not survived, she would not have been able to live and tell the story as this incident would have remained unknown.

For the reason that she did survive, she was able to provide evidence following massacre at war crime trial held in Tokyo in 1947. Following that day, Bullwinkel made a commitment to always honor those who were killed on Bangka Island. She worked indefatigably in order to raise the funds to make a nurses' memorial, a number of committees, followed by the Australian War Memorial.

When returning to Australia, Bullwinkel reached out to the families of the victims, telling them what happened and for some she was able to tell them their loved one's last words. There is a yearly commemoration held at Radji beach, where close to 100 relatives show up and pay their respects for the lost of their family who were viciously gunned down.