User:2nafish21/sandbox

Cervical Cancer - Culture
Cervical cancer is known to have a direct relationship with the infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV) .Perhaps the largest case of any cell impacting our culture today came from a single sample of cervical cancer cells taken from an African American woman in the 1950s. These cells and the method in which they were procured brought to the forefront of society for the first time the cultural issues of segregation, health policy, and medical disclosure. These procured cells came from Henrietta Lacks, a poor African American woman from the south just prior to her succombing to cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells, better known as HeLa, created its own subculture within the scientific community including various companies selling her cells, the expansion and progression of cell culturing and the development of heptamethine dyes and vaccines such as polio. For example, research in somatic mutations found that HPV leads to not only cervical cancer but numerous other cancers. The genomics community has expanded greatly with this research and has recently found that LKB1 is a gene that is linked to cervical cancer. Decades later when Henrietta's family learned of the profitability of her cells; they became frustrated. This frustration is in support with laws that have been enacted in the medical field such as HIPAA, GINA, and the overall confidentiality of patient autonomy.

Society and Culture
Perhaps the largest case of any cell impacting our culture today came from a single sample of cervical cancer cells taken from an African American woman in the 1950s. These cells and the method in which they were procured brought to the forefront of society for the first time the cultural issues of segregation, health policy, and medical disclosure. These procured cells came from Henrietta Lacks, a poor African American woman from the south just prior to her succombing to cervical cancer. Henrietta's cells, also known as HeLa, were used to find the polio vaccine as well as several other vaccines.

LKB1
Research in HeLa cells has found that LKB1 plays an integral role of unhindered upregulation of cervical cancer by cooperating with human papillomavirus (HPV). Additionally, Germline mutations in the LKB1 tumor suppressor gene result in Puetz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS). PJS is a hereditary condition characterized by benign gastrointestinal polyps and an elevated risk of malignant epithelial cancer. Henrietta Lacks, who gave rise to the HeLa cell line, was originally diagnosed with an epithelial cancer, but her diagnosis was later corrected and re-diagnosed as an aggressive adenocarcinoma of the cervix, meaning it originated from glandular tissue in her cervix instead of epithelial tissue.